The topic of the diploma project: "Project of a stationary gas station for 1000 gas stations per day"

Contents

CONTENTS

Introduction

1 Process Part

1.1 Purpose and types of filling stations

1.2 Gas Station Plot Plan and Layout

1.3 Structure of typical filling stations

1.4 Arrangement of filling stations

1.5 Fuel - and Oil Distribution Columns

1.6 Storage Facilities

1.7 Construction of double-walled tanks

2 Design part

2.1 Determination of tank farm capacity

and selection of tanks

2.2 Determination of required number of fuel dispensers

columns

2.3 Hydraulic calculation of suction pipeline

2.4 Determination of liquid flow mode as per

to the pipeline

2.5 Determination of tanker dump time

3 Economics

3.1 Calculation of handling costs and costs

transfers

3.2 Calculation of technical and economic indicators

4 Occupational health and safety

4.1 Instruction of the service filling station personnel

4.2 Safety requirements during oil product discharge

4.3 Explosion - Fire hazard properties of petroleum products

5 Environmental friendliness of the project

5.1 Sources of environmental pollution,

measures to reduce evaporability of petroleum products

5.2 Causes of Static Electricity

5.3 Reasons for the electrification of light oil products

5.4 Removal of accumulated charges of static electricity

List of literature

Application

Thesis Project Assignment

The topic of the diploma project: "Project of a stationary gas station for 1000 gas stations per day"

Source Data:

The norm of one average gasoline filling is 50 liters

One average diesel fuel filling rate - 100L

The sale of filling stations per day is 1000 filling stations, of which:

800 gasoline refills;

200 diesel fuel refills.

Column utilization rate - (0.6)

Tank 2PCT - 50 m3

Brand TRC - Topaz:

nominal flow rate is 50 l/min;

number of dispensing cranes 4 pieces.

nominal filtration fineness is 20 μm;

maximum suction capacity of the pump is 5 m;

electric motors power 1.1 * 2;

basic error 0.25%;

overall dimensions 1650 * 550 * 2140.

PTC-24 - MTM tank:

tank volume 24m3,

tank height 3.5m,

the width of the tank is 2.5 m.

As a result of the development of a diploma project on this topic, the following should be presented:

Explanatory Note:

Introduction

1 Process Part

1.1 Purpose and types of filling stations

1.2 Gas Station Plot Plan and Layout

1.3 Structure of typical filling stations

1.4 Arrangement of filling stations

1.5 Fuel - and Oil Distribution Columns

1.6 Storage Facilities

1.7 Construction of double-walled tanks

2 Design part

2.1 Determination of tank farm capacity and selection of tanks

2.2 Determination of required number of fuel dispensers

2.3 Hydraulic calculation of suction pipeline

2.4 Determination of liquid flow mode through the pipeline

2.5 Determination of tanker dump time

3 Economics

3.1 Calculation of handling costs and transfer costs

3.2 Calculation of technical and economic indicators

4 Occupational health and safety

4.1 Instruction of the service filling station personnel

4.2 Safety requirements during oil product discharge

4.3 Explosion and fire hazard properties of petroleum products

5 Environmental friendliness of the project

5.1 Sources of environmental pollution, measures to reduce evaporation of petroleum products

5.2 Causes of Static Electricity

5.3 Reasons for the electrification of light oil products

5.4 Removal of accumulated charges of static electricity

II. Graphic part:

Sheet 1. "Gas Station Plot Plan Diagram"

Sheet 2. "Process diagram of typical filling station"

Sheet 3. "Installation Diagram of Fuel Dispenser Tank"

Sheet 4. "Double Wall Tank Arrangement"

Sheet 5. "Structural elements of fuel distribution column" Topaz "

Introduction

Filling stations are the final link of the oil product supply system. Their proper operation depends on the activities of many enterprises, organizations and institutions of various forms of ownership. Improving the operation of gas stations will increase the efficiency of road transport, their fire and environmental safety.

Filling stations are a complex of buildings with equipment designed for the reception, storage and delivery of petroleum products to vehicles, the sale of oils, greases, spare parts, accessories for vehicles and the provision of services to owners of individual vehicles.

In connection with their main purpose, gas stations are usually located as convenient as possible for consumers and as close to them as possible. These are either roads with large traffic flows or places of any other cluster of cars in order to reduce, if possible, the distance that must be covered by vehicles to the gas station.

The economic changes that have taken place in Kazakhstan in recent years have led to dramatic changes in the commodity market. Against the background of the rapid growth of the fleet of cars, the number of gas stations increased several times, and their quality completely changed. An increasing number of our gas stations have become consistent with world standards. Capacity of today's network of gas stations (gas station) is several times higher than the level of the beginning of the 90th years. The number of high-performance fuel dispensers (TRC) has increased and the fueling speed of vehicles has increased. In addition, at modern gas stations you can get a whole set of services (oil change, minor repairs, washing, shop, cafe, etc.).

Currently, there are approximately 4,300 gas stations in Kazakhstan, in which at the turn of the 2000s there were more than 5,000 gas stations.

The main trend of this market in Kazakhstan, we can emphasize is the enlargement of gas station networks, the construction of modern gas stations under a certain brand.

Large networks in Kazakhstan:

KazMunaiGas - about 280 gas stations and 37 oil depots;

Helios - 250 gas stations and 14 oil depots;

NarOil - 76 gas stations;

Bakhyt-Munai - about 80 gas stations;

Sinooil - more than 90 gas stations 3 or 4 oil depots;

RK-Oil 53 gas stations and 2 oil depots;

Ivolga - Holding - about 60 gas stations and 10 oil depots;

Gazprom neft - 26 gas stations, it is planned to build 6 more;

Royal Petrol - 36 gas stations;

Aurika - about 40 gas stations.

South Kazakhstan, Almaty, East Kazakhstan regions are leading in the number of gas stations. Almaty is in the middle. The least gas stations in Astana and in the west of Kazakhstan.

Kazakhstan has about 300 oil depots with a total volume of more than 1 million cubic meters.

Kazakhstan has developed a certain experience in the design, construction and operation of gas stations, limited by the traditional layout of technological equipment. On this basis, the production and repair base of this equipment was developed, as well as the training of relevant specialists.

Currently, due to the development of new economic relations and the rapid growth of the fleet of cars, there is an urgent need for

expanding the network of gas stations and minimizing the size of the sites occupied by them, as well as in the construction of gas stations, at which gas stations and buildings (premises) for servicing cars, drivers, and passengers are combined within a single enterprise on a common site.

Source Data

The norm of one average gasoline filling is 50 liters

One average diesel fuel filling rate - 100L

The sale of filling stations per day is 1000 filling stations, of which:

800 gasoline refills;

200 diesel fuel refills.

Column utilization rate - (0.6)

Tank 2PCT - 50 m3

Brand TRC - Topaz:

nominal flow rate is 50 l/min;

number of dispensing cranes 4 pieces.

nominal filtration fineness is 20 μm;

maximum suction capacity of the TRC pump - 5 m;

basic error 0.25%;

overall dimensions 1650 * 550 * 2140.

PTC-24 - MTM tank:

tank volume 24m3,

tank height 3.5m,

the width of the tank is 2.5 m.

Project Environmental Friendliness

5.1 Sources of environmental pollution, measures to reduce evaporation of petroleum products

During the operation of gas stations, environmental requirements determined by environmental legislation and current regulatory and technical documents for environmental protection must be met. The production activities of filling stations shall not lead to pollution of the natural environment (air, surface water, soil) by harmful substances above permissible standards.

The main sources of pollutant release at gas stations are:

reservoirs with petroleum products (evaporation of petroleum products - "big and small breathing");

TRC (evaporation during filling of car tanks);

treatment facilities (evaporation of petroleum products and discharge of residues into sewage);

emergency and unintentional spills of petroleum products in the territory;

leaks of process equipment and communications;

ventilation devices of production rooms of filling stations and maintenance points located on the territory of filling stations;

exhaust emissions of motor vehicles;

waste when cleaning tanks.

To reduce emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere from sources of gas station pollution, it is recommended:

maintain tanks, process equipment and pipelines in full technical serviceability. ensure their tightness;

maintain the technical serviceability of the breathing valves, carry out their maintenance and appropriate adjustment in a timely manner;

ensure tightness of drain and measuring devices, manholes of inspection and drain wells, including during operations of oil products discharge during their storage;

drain oil products from tank trucks only with the use of tight quick-release couplings (on a tank truck and a gas station tank);

prevent overflows and spills of petroleum products when filling tanks and filling vehicles;

equip gas-piping gasoline tanks;

equip the filling stations and TRC tanks with systems for recovery (withdrawal), recovery of gasoline vapors;

maintain serviceability of metering devices, devices for prevention of overflow, systems for ensuring tightness of the drain process, systems for automated measurement of the quantity of drained oil products in units of mass (volume), as well as de pipeline device after the drain of the operation.

The territory of the gas station should be regularly cleaned of industrial waste, household construction garbage, dry grass and fallen leaves, which should be called to places determined in the prescribed manner.

Places of storage, location of industrial and domestic wastes, as well as their permissible volumes for temporary quantity in the territory of filling stations are determined on the basis of permission for placement of production wastes. Household garbage is temporarily placed in containers with a tightly closed lid.

Oil-contaminated sawdust, sand and other materials are collected in a tightly closed container installed in a designated place. Incineration of materials impregnated with oil products or annealing of sand in places not equipped for this purpose, including in the territory of gas stations is strictly prohibited

5.2 Causes of Static Electricity

The source of the explosion of the mixture of oil and air vapors and the occurrence of a fire can be spark discharges of static electricity.

Static electricity is formed by friction of two dielectrics against each other, by friction of dielectrics against metal, etc. Charges of static electricity can accumulate on the surface of not only solids, but also liquids belonging to the category of dielectrics.

Of the oil products, dielectrics include light oil products: gasoline, Whitespirite, kerosene, diesel fuel. Under certain conditions, they are able to accumulate large potentials of static electricity. Such conditions may be:

pumping of oil products through hoses and pipelines;

filling with falling jet in containers, mixing with air ;

impact of the jet on the hard surface and its spraying .

With a large accumulation of static electricity charges, a discharge can occur, the spark of which will be the source of a flash or explosion.

Electrified particles of light oil products give their charges to the tank, pipeline or hose, through which they are pumped. If these tanks or pipelines are not grounded, then a static electric charge of several thousand volts can accumulate on their surface.

5.3 Reasons for the electrification of light oil products

The degree of electrification of light oil products depends on:

speed of their movement through pipelines or hoses;

material of pipelines or hoses;

material of filter elements;

duration of pumping;

humidity and air temperature.

Under equal conditions, the voltage of static electricity will increase significantly if the filling is carried out by a falling jet.

When moving through steel pipelines, light np is electrified more than when moving along aluminum pipelines.

As the pumping time of petroleum products increases, the voltage of static electricity will increase significantly.

The danger of large static electricity potentials in dry weather is greater than in raw, in winter more than in rainy autumn because wet air is the conductor of electricity.

5.4 Removal of accumulated charges of static electricity

Removal of accumulated charges of static electricity into the ground is achieved by means of a device of reliable grounding of all equipment and tanks contacting with light oil products.

The grounding device typically consists of 22.5 m long steel pipes dug vertically into the ground. Their upper ends should be 0.5m below the surface of the earth.

Such pipes are located along the perimeter of the protected storage of petroleum products or individual storage facilities. Each tank designed to store light oil products, as well as drain pipelines, risers and transfer facilities, is connected to the grounding pipes by steel strips. These strips are welded to the equipment to be protected and the pipes to be grounded. For greater reliability, the grounding pipes are connected to each other, thereby forming a common grounding circuit, which is a continuous current conductor. Cross section of grounding pipes and steel strips shall exclude the possibility of accumulation of static electricity charges on protected equipment and tanks.

Also protected are automobile tanks, fuel and gas tankers, refueling units and other means designed for the discharge and transportation of light oil products. For this purpose, permanent grounding devices are installed in the receiving risers of the TRC and other pumping means.