Exchange rate for the organization of construction

Schedule

1.1 Purpose, initial design data.

The Construction Object Schedule is developed in the PDP section at the detailed documentation stage. It is the main document, according to which the management and control of the construction and construction process is carried out, the work of subcontractors is coordinated.

The initial data for development are:

- integrated schedule as a part of PIC

- directive and standards of construction duration

- detailed drawings and estimates

- Job Instructions for Construction Processes

- Data on organizations, team composition and productivity achieved, available mechanisms and opportunities for obtaining the necessary material resources

During the development of the calendar plan, a nomenclature of works is compiled, their volumes are calculated. The normative labor intensity of the works is calculated. Methods and means of mechanization are selected, compositions of teams and links are determined. Process sequence of works execution is determined and number of performers and shift of works is established. The duration of work is determined. If necessary, the number of performers is adjusted. Resource requirements are scheduled.

Selection of working methods, machines and mechanisms

Earthworks.

Prior to the start of excavation works in the locations of the existing underground communications, measures for safe working conditions are developed and agreed with the organizations operating these communications, and the location of underground communications on the ground is indicated by the corresponding signs or inscriptions

Excavation work in the area of the existing underground communications is carried out under the direct supervision of the foreman or foreman, and in the protective area of ​ ​ cables under voltage, in addition, under the supervision of employees of the electric utility.

Earthworks are performed in accordance with SNiP 3.02.0187 "Earthworks." Excavation works are carried out in winter, therefore, in accordance with SNiP 3-8-85, the following measures are provided for to protect the soil from freezing:

- plowing of soil with subsequent harrowing, retention of snow cover or salinization of soil, and in the rest of the period - deep mechanical loosening and insulation of soil with heat-insulating material,

-the soil of the trench pit bases is protected from freezing by bad weather, and the soil developed by the excavator into the dump is covered with insulation (4060 cm thick sawdust layer)

The foundations shall be cleaned immediately before the foundations are erected.

The planning of the territory is carried out by bulldozer D-217A:

power 79 kW,

length of the dump is 3.03 m,

dump height 1.1 m,

tractor grade T100,

the type of dump is non-rotating.

The removed vegetal soil is exported by car dump trucks to a dump at a distance of 15 km.

The excavation of the pit soil is carried out by grips using single-bucket excavators EO4121, equipped with a reverse shovel of the tank. ladle 1m3 with loading of soil into dump trucks and transportation to places as directed by the customer

Excavator EO 5121 reverse shovel:

74 kW power,

bucket capacity is 1 m3,

the greatest digging depth is 9.4 m,

the largest unloading radius is 12.2 m.

Refinement of the bottom is carried out by the same excavator using a removable stripping ladle.

The soil used for backfilling is developed in the dump, the rest - with loading into car dump trucks and transportation for 15 km to the dump.

Backfill shall be performed after completion of zero cycle works and signing of concealed works certificate.

Backfilling of trenches and bosoms of the base is made by the excavator the scheduler of EO2131A (59 kW) with layer-by-layer consolidation of soil pneumatic tamper of SP-62:

basic excavator EO4121B,

plate dimensions 0.8 × 0.8 m,

impact energy 8826 J,

weight 2 t,

excavator power 95 kW.

Foundation arrangement

Installation of pillow blocks begins with the laying of corner pillows, which are lighthouse, as well as intermediate blocks. Intermediate blocks are laid sequentially, from the lighthouse to the lighthouse, determining their position in plan in the berth. Installation is carried out by the "on weight" method with a caterpillar crane of the MKG16 brand.

Wall blocks of the foundation are mounted in rows, starting from the laying of lighthouse and intermediate blocks. The design position of these blocks is determined by the risks applied to the lighthouse block cushions. Then on these blocks the berth is strengthened and all wall blocks are laid on it.

Waterproofing.

Horizontal waterproofing is performed from 2 layers of ruberoid. Mastic is applied with unit for mastic. Sheets overlap by at least 100mm. Lateral coating waterproofing is performed by bitumen in 2 times.

Insulation works

Waterproofing of the underground part is carried out by the DS-39A autohudronator:

base car ZIL130 (ZIL 130 V-1),

tank capacity 3500 (6000) l,

feed length and distribution width 10 and 3.8 (4) m,

the area of ​ ​ the treated surface with one parking lot 20 × 2 (width × height) m,

the power of the base car is 110 kW.

Stone works

The construction of external walls is carried out independently after the construction of structural structures - walls and slabs. Masonry is performed starting from the upper floor and is carried out floor by floor down.

Masonry of external and internal walls is carried out after concrete sets of slabs of design strength. First, the contours of future walls are marked on the slab surface. After the marking, the masonry of the walls begins.

External walls are erected in the following sequence: they erect the outside to the height of the floor (brickwork of 0.5 bricks), then 1 row of BGM blocks from the inside. After that, plate insulation is laid between them, waterproofing is arranged (1 layer of polyethylene film on 1M60 glue), inner part of wall (BGM units) is lifted to the same height and flexible fiberglass bonds are laid. Then the outside is raised again, etc. Walls with height > 1.5 m are laid from portable platforms (floor width 2m).

To move bricks and BGM blocks inside the building, manual

Finishing works

During finishing works refer to SNiP 3.04.0187 "Insulation and finishing coatings."

Internal finishing work in residential buildings in winter conditions is carried out with the presence of permanent heating and ventilation systems. To do this, it is planned that all previous work in the building and inside the site will be carried out before the winter cold and by the time the finishing work begins, heat will be released.

At low external temperatures in the rooms to be finished for two days before the start of finishing work, the temperature shall be maintained around the clock at least plus ten degrees at a relative humidity of not more than 70%. After completion of finishing works this temperature shall be maintained for at least 12 days, and after completion of wallpaper works - permanently.

Painting works are performed on all floors simultaneously with a breakdown of two floors. The first stage of painting work includes covering and painting of ceilings, external slopes of windows, preparation for lining with wallpaper and painting of walls and carpentry. Completion of glue painting of ceilings opens the front for performance of adjacent works. The flooring of the parquet, linoleum with the installation of plinths can be started after the last wet process and in the same way as the painting work is carried out outside the flow. As these works are completed, the front is opened for the second stage of painting work.

At the second stage of painting works, walls are glued with wallpaper and final painting of walls and carpentry is performed. Painting work on staircases is performed after completion of work on apartments. High-quality oil coloring is carried out by CO115 station complete with a kraskonagnetatelny tank of CO12A, a gun the CO71A pneumospray and the CO7A compressor (4.5 kW).

For painting, we use various means of scooping: at a height of up to 4 m - mobile scaffolds, in hard-to-reach places, tables and ladders of a ladder.

For mechanized application of the solution during plastering of the facade, the plaster station PShS4 (34 kW) is used.

High-quality plaster with thickness of 20 mm is made, which consists of a layer of spray, two layers of soil and a layer of cover with leveling of soil along beacons and rubbing of the cover layer with a grater.

After installation of window blocks and balcony doors, glazing works are carried out. Glasses are cut with electric cut ERS-1:

capacity 300 res/h;

power 0.18 kW.

When arranging floors on monolithic floor slabs, insulation slabs (PSBS foam polystyrene) are laid, then steam insulation is arranged - 1 layer of polyethylene film and cement-sand brace. For consolidation of solution we use CO131A vibrolath (0.26 kW), and in hard-to-reach spots - PG2 pnevmovibrogladilka + CO7A (4.5 kW).

The brace is smoothed by the SO-170 machine:

60 m2/h capacity;

power 1.5 kW.

Various coatings are arranged according to the bracing depending on the purpose of the room.

At the device of a parquet floor, after a flooring, make scraping and grinding by CO111A car (3 kW). The treated surface is grated or coated with two layers of lacquer.

In the sun. waterproofing of 1 layer of XPP4 isoplast is arranged in units and bathrooms by bracing, and then ceramic tiles are laid along connecting layer from cement-sand mortar.

Improvement

Improvement of the territory is carried out in winter, therefore asphalt concrete pavements are allowed to be laid only in dry weather on a cleaned and dry base. The air temperature when laying asphalt concrete coatings from hot and cold mixtures should be at least plus five degrees in spring and summer, and in autumn - at least plus ten degrees. The air temperature when laying asphalt concrete coatings from thermal mixtures should not be lower than minus ten degrees.

Safety Instructions

Earthworks.

Prior to the start of soil development, a work permit must be taken. Work in the area of ​ ​ underground communications should be carried out under the direct supervision of the foreman or foreman, and in the protective area of ​ ​ cables or gas pipelines, in addition, under the supervision of employees of the electric or gas facilities. Soil extracted from the excavations should be placed at a distance of at least 0.5 m from the edge of the excavation. Before allowing workers into the pit with a depth of 1 m, the stability of slopes or wall fasteners must be checked.

Stone works.

Masons are required to comply with occupational safety requirements to ensure protection against hazardous and harmful production factors associated with work.

To protect against mechanical influences, water, alkalis, bricklayers are required to use the semi-industrial season presented by employers free of charge, leather boots, sleeves, suits on a insulation lining and rolls for the winter. When located on the construction site, masons must wear protective helmets. In addition, when laying external walls without the use of enclosing devices, a safety belt must be used. In the course of daily activities, bricklayers must:

- maintain order at workplaces, clean them from garbage, snow, ice, prevent violations of storage rules for materials and structures;

Be careful during work and avoid breaches of occupational safety requirements;

- use in the process of work means of small mechanization, machines and mechanisms as intended, in accordance with the instructions of manufacturers.

Before filling the work, the bricklayer must:

- provide the manager with a certificate of knowledge verification of safe working methods;

put on a helmet, work clothes, special shoes of the installed sample;

- get a task to perform the work from the foreman or supervisor and undergo training at the workplace taking into account the specifics of the work performed;

After receiving the task from the foreman or mason leader, they must:

- prepare the necessary personal protective equipment, check their serviceability;

-prepare the process tooling, tools required during the performance of the work, check their compliance with safety requirements.

Bricklayers shall not start work on:

- non-correctness of technological equipment, means of protection of workers specified in instructions of factory manufacturers, at which their use is not allowed:

- untimely performance of regular tests (technical inspection) of technological tooling of tools and accessories;

- untimely performance of the next tests or expiration of the service life of the means of protection of workers established by the manufacturer;

- insufficient illumination of workplaces and approaches to them;

- failure of stability of structures of buildings and structures.

Detected violations of safety requirements must be eliminated on their own, and if it is impossible to do this, masons must inform the foreman or work manager about them.

Installation works.

Employees at least 18 years old, who have undergone appropriate training, have professional skills to work as installers and do not have contraindications by sex for the work performed, must undergo mandatory preliminary and periodic medical examinations before admission to independent work.

Installers must comply with occupational safety requirements to ensure protection against hazardous industrial factors related to the nature of the work:

- location of workplaces at considerable height;

- moving structures;

- destruction of loose structural elements of buildings and structures;

- drop of the above materials, tools.

Before installation of the structure in the design position, the installers must:

- inspect the installation site of the structure and check presence of layout and geometric axes on the support surface;

-check the absence of people below directly below the installation site.

Roofing works.

Admission of workers to perform roofing works is allowed after inspection by the foreman or foreman together with the foreman of the serviceability of the roof and fences load-bearing structures.

It is allowed to place materials on the roof only in the places provided for by the project of work performance, with taking measures against their fall, including from the effects of wind.

During interruptions in operation, technological devices, tools and materials must be fixed or removed from the roof.

Roofing works shall not be performed during ice, fog excluding visibility within the work front, thunderstorms and wind at a speed of 15 m/s or more.

Elements and parts of roofs, including compensators in seams, protective nozzles, drain pipe links, drains, overhangs, etc. should be supplied to workplaces in the prepared form. Procurement of the specified elements and parts directly on the roof is not allowed.

Plaster works.

Employees at least 18 years of age who have undergone appropriate training, who have professional skills to work as a plaster and do not have contraindications for the work performed, must pass before allowing themselves to work: mandatory preliminary and periodic medical examinations to be considered suitable for the performance of work, training in safe methods and acceptance of work, training in labor protection, internship at the workplace and verification of knowledge of labor protection requirements.

Before starting work, plasterers must:

- provide the manager with a certificate on the verification of safe methods and methods of work and undergo training at the workplace taking into account the specifics of the work performed;

- put on helmet, work clothes, special shoes of the installed sample;

-receive the task from the foreman or supervisor.

After receiving the job to perform the work, the plasterers must:

-assemble personal protective equipment and check it for compliance with safety requirements;

- check the workplace and its approaches for compliance with safety requirements;

select the process equipment, tools, equipment required during the works performance, check them for compliance with safety requirements.

Painting works.

Paint formulations should be prepared, as a rule, centrally. During and preparation at the construction site, it is necessary to use for these purposes rooms equipped with ventilation, which does not allow exceeding the maximum permissible concentration of harmful substances in the air of the working area. Rooms shall be provided with harmless detergents and warm water.

It is not allowed to prepare paint compositions, violating the requirements of the instructions of the paint manufacturer, as well as to use solvents for which there is no certificate indicating the nature of harmful substances.

In the places of application of nitro-bureaucrats and other paint materials and composition, which form harmful vapors, actions with the use of fire or sparking are prohibited. Wiring in these places must be de-energized or made in explosive design.

Glass works.

Places on which glass work is carried out must be fenced. Prior to the start of glass work, it is necessary to visually check the strength and serviceability of window bindings. Lifting and carrying of glass to the place of its installation must be carried out using appropriate safety devices or in special containers.

Stroygenplan

2.1 Purpose of Construction Plan

SGP is a construction site plan, which, in addition to the designed and existing permanent buildings and structures, shows the location of temporary buildings and structures, communications, roads, mechanisms, storage sites necessary for the production of construction and construction equipment.

When developing the SGP, it is required to rationally use the area of ​ ​ the construction site, for this:

The scope of construction of temporary facilities is accepted as minimal. Administrative premises with the same functions are combined;

temporary buildings and structures are located in compliance with safety regulations and fire safety standards, as well as taking into account usability;

laying of temporary networks of water and power supply are designed with minimum length, powered from permanent networks;

- temporary buildings are provided with inventory, mobile and

container;

temporary roads and warehouses are arranged so as to achieve a minimum number of transshipments and movements of construction goods on the construction site.

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