Reconstruction of the bus assembly section in OJSC PATP-2g. Omsk. -Diform Project

Contents

INTRODUCTION

1 FEASIBILITY STUDY

2 PROCESS CALCULATION

2.1 Characteristics of ATP

2.2 Initial data

2.3 Calculation of the production program for maintenance and repair of cars

2.4 Calculation of annual and daily production program

2.5 Calculation of annual scope of maintenance and maintenance works

2.6 Determination of annual scope of auxiliary works

2.7 Distribution of scope of work by production zones

and sites of the enterprise

2.8 Annual scope of self-service of the enterprise

2.9 Calculation of the number of production personnel

2.10 Process calculation of production zones, areas

2.11 Calculation of space area of maintenance and maintenance zones

2.12 Calculation of the area of production shops and areas

2.13 Calculation of storage area

3 PROCESS ORGANIZATION

3.1 Description of process layout of wheel change station

3.2 Description of the busbar

3.3 Description of vulcanization compartment

3.4 Description of the storage warehouse of motor tires

3.5 Execution of the process in

busbar and bus repair compartments

4 DESIGN PART

4.1 Purpose, device and operating principle of the hoist

4.2 Design Analysis

4.3 Calculation of structural elements

4.4 Manufacturing of pneumatic cylinder

4.5 Lifting Assembly and Testing

4.6 Lifter Technical Operation

4.7 Safety precautions when working with a lift

5 LIFE SAFETY

4.1 Characterization and analysis of potential hazards

and hazards during the reconstruction of the tire assembly

PATP OJSC complex

4.2 Complex measures of actual development and

reflecting the BJD in the diploma project

4.3 Development of priority issue (artificial calculation

lighting of the reorganized bus assembly section)

6. ECONOMIC PART

6.1 Calculation of transportation costs

6.2 Calculation of taxes and deductions

6.3 Calculation of Capital Investments by Installation

to the site

6.4 Calculation of costs for the bus section as a whole

6.5 Assessing the Impact of Design Solutions on Costs

and profitability of the enterprise

CONCLUSION

LIST OF LITERATURE

Introduction.

The use of cars has entered so deeply into all fields of activity and human life that it has become a completely indispensable means of modern freight and passenger transport. Road transport contributes to the development of productive forces, the strengthening of economic, political and cultural ties within the country and other countries, as well as the country's defense capabilities .

Public bus transport in our country carries out regular intra-city passenger transportation in more than 2,400 cities and urban-type settlements, and in most of them (about 90%) it is the only type of urban public transport. Over 31 billion passengers are transported by bus every year in cities, which is about 65% of the total passenger traffic by all types of urban transport.

Currently, the main area of ​ ​ public bus transport is the shuttle transportation of passengers. They represent 80 per cent of the total traffic and the total passenger turnover in the country. Being essentially planned unprofitable enterprises, passenger ATPs have to survive in difficult economic conditions: the loss of most of the production links, a shortage of material and technical resources, an increase in the cost of operational materials, wear and tear of the passenger fleet.

Despite all these conditions, passenger road transport enterprises are trying their best to fulfill the very important tasks assigned to them. This is to ensure a high technical readiness factor and a coefficient of rolling stock output per line. Preventing disruptions in the service of the population and enterprises of the city, which can paralyze the activities of the city, ensuring decent working and living conditions for drivers, repair workers and all maintenance personnel.

Maintenance of cars in technically working order substantially depends on level and operating conditions of technological base of the enterprise of the road transport, representing set of buildings, constructions, the equipment, equipment and the tool intended for maintenance and repair and also storage of the rolling stock. At the same time, it should be noted that the contribution of the production and technical base to the efficiency of technical operation of cars is quite high and is estimated at 1819%.

Reducing the labour intensity of work, equipping workplaces and posts with high-performance equipment should be considered as one of the main directions of the technical process in the creation and reconstruction of road transport enterprises.

At the moment, the organization of work in the bus assembly section of PATP2 OJSC is insufficient. This is due to the absence of some technological equipment, a low degree of mechanization of work, the irrational use of working time and the incomplete use of production areas.

Based on the introduction of advanced technological processes, modern standards of best practices, progressive scientific developments, it is necessary to ensure the modernization of the site to a high technical level.

To do this, perform the following tasks in the project:

1. Carry out technological settlement of the enterprise.

2. Perform selection of process equipment of busbar works.

3. Organize works in the bus assembly complex.

4. Develop a stand for hanging a car in a tire assembly complex.

5. Evaluate the cost-effectiveness of engineering decisions.

1 feasibility study

Reconstruction of the bus assembly section in the auto enterprise patp

No. 2

1.1 General part

History of development of OJSC PATP2.

On the basis of order No. 8 (5) on the Omsk branch of Soyuzsovkhoztrans dated 29. 02. 36 years was organized in September 1936 by the Kirovsk convoy with a residence (as follows from the State Archive) in the Kirovsky district.

The motor depot was entrusted with servicing by cars the transportation of cargo of state farms, the motor depot served 20 state farms, specialized in the transportation of grain, livestock products, oil products, timber, solid fuel, and construction materials.

On March 14, 1958, the company was renamed the Omsk Bus Park on the basis of order No. 11 of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways of 14.03.58. The Bus Park carried out passenger transportation of regional and intercity routes, and since 1960, active transfer of district bus routes to city routes began. The first urban routes that became historical for the enterprise were: mountains. Neftyanikov - long-distance, Airport - Center, Tannery - Art. Kulomzino - only 14 and 3 suburban.

With the development of the city of Omsk, the enterprise also developed. In parallel with the development of the route network, the park's production base also developed: garages, a boiler house, a material warehouse, a production building, a painting shop were built, sewerage, water supply, a power cable, a telephone were laid, the territory was paved and landscaped.

The master plan shows the main production building combined with the administrative building. Open bus parking is located on an asphalt site. Daily maintenance works are carried out in the production building, in the area of ​ ​ the EU. Mechanized washing is located separately from the production building. Nearby are treatment facilities. Transformer substation is located 20 meters from the territory of JSC PATP2. In addition to the main production building, the following are located on the territory of the enterprise: storage boxes for rolling stock, the dispatch service building, KTP.

Technical and economic indicators according to the master plan.

1. Plot area, m2 - 65660;

2. Building area, m2 - 24888;

3. Asphalt surface area, m2 - 40400;

4. Parking area, m2 - 11100.6;

5. Building factor, - 0.38;

The architectural and planning solution according to the general plan includes: the main production building - a one-story building, the second degree of fire resistance, lamp-free, bloodless. The building has spans. The height of the hull is 6.6 meters, which meets the requirements of repair production for this type of rolling stock.

The structural diagram of the building is frame, the walls are panel. On the columns of KP1116 grade there are forms of FS243A grade with a span of 24 meters. Forms from above are closed with reinforced concrete slabs of PNTP1 grade. roof covering - soft roof with insulation on bitumen plate. The foundation is concrete, the depth of laying is 1.6 meters. The shape of the foundation is monolithic, glass type. Partitions in the building are made of brick, the width of the partition is 350mm. external walls - brick, insulated from cellular concrete. Window openings - tape. The height of the glazing belt is 3.6m, which allows you to obtain sufficient illumination of the production case. Artificial lighting of the body is carried out by fluorescent lamps.

The entry and exit of vehicles is carried out through two gates. The size of the gate is 4x3.6 meters. Gate with automatic drive. In the closed parking lot there are 8 gates of the same size on the north side of the box, and 8 gates on the south side. All gates are ploughed. Floor in production building, auxiliary shops and in parking lot is made according to process process asphalt, ceramic.

The walls of the production building, with the exception of brick, do not plaster. Various painting and adhesive materials are used to protect against corrosion of walls.

Heating and ventilation. Design air temperature = - 300 С. Heat carrier - hot water. Heat supply comes from the heating station of JSC PATP2. As heating elements, welded steel pipes with thermal parameters are used, heating devices are installed under the windows of external walls along the walls of the production building.

Ventilation of workshops with harmful emissions - local, in other rooms - exhaust, through shafts with deflectors.

Water supply of JSC PATP2 is carried out from the city water supply network. Fire extinguishing - from the ring circuit of networks. Water for industrial needs is supplied from the industrial water supply network. Water consumption for production needs is 1000 liters per bus per day. The consumption of water for household needs is determined based on the norm for 1 worker:

25l - 1 worker, 15l - 1 driver, 40l - 1 shower.

3l - on 1m2 floors.

4.1 Purpose, device and operating principle of the hoist

The lift is designed to hang cars and buses of the LiAZ type at the wheel replacement station. The lift is mounted on the floor in the wheel replacement station room.

The hoist is a rigid metal structure consisting of two frames: lower fixed and upper movable. They are pivotally connected to each other. Lifting mechanism consists of two platforms: lower fixed and upper movable, between which pneumatic element is placed. The pneumatic element is a square bag, on one side of which the valve is vulcanized. Upper and lower platforms of lifting mechanism are connected by guides, along which upper platform moves. The platform has roller supports through which it presses on the upper frame and lifts it.

Lift has two lifting mechanisms arranged in extreme sections of lift. Hinge joint, upper and lower frames form parallelogram, which provides uniform lifting of upper frame at uneven loads in its different parts.

The lift has the following technical characteristics:

Lifting capacity - 15000 kg.

The drive is pneumatic.

Operating air pressure, MPa (kg/cm2) - 0.5 (5).

Lifting height - 250mm.

After the car is installed on the elevator, on the panel, by turning the handle of the pneumatic distributor, compressed air opens access to the pneumatic balloon. The pneumatic balloon, filled with air, raises the upper platform of the lifting mechanism, which in turn raises the upper frame through the roller support, hanging the car. Lifting height is limited by hinge length. When posted, the vehicle is held by compressed air. In order to prevent a sharp drop in air pressure, a check valve is installed in the supply pneumatic system.

In order to maintain the working pressure, a pressure control valve is installed in the network, and a monometer is installed to monitor the pressure.

To lower the car, you need to turn the distributor handle in the opposite direction, while the pneumatic balloon will connect to the atmosphere and, as the air is released, the upper frame will begin to descend. To ensure smooth lowering, an adjustable throttle is installed in the outlet network. When adjusting the elevator, the throttle is adjusted so that the car drops in at least 20 seconds.

A silencer is installed on the tip of the exhaust pipe to suppress noise during air exhaust.

To suppress frame impacts, when the lift is lowered, a rubber strip absorbing impact energy is attached between them.

Figure 1 shows the schematic pneumatic diagram of the lift.

Conclusion.

This diploma project includes: explanatory

note and graphic materials. In the sections of the explanatory note

The following points are reflected.

The introduction addresses the question of preference

introduction of new technologies and new equipment developments.

The feasibility study of the diploma project defines the problem and purpose of the diploma project, reveals the need to introduce a stand for hanging cars at a tire installation post.

This section of the diploma project also contains the data of the general plan of the enterprise on the territory, buildings and communications.

In the technological calculation, zones and sections were calculated taking into account the equipment being introduced on the bus assembly section and the stand for hanging cars proposed in the design part of the project.

The organizational part of the project presents a diagram of placing the bus at the bus assembly post and a diagram of the process of restoring tires and wheel chambers.

A brief analysis was carried out in the design part

existing busbars. The strength calculations of the most loaded parts of the structure were also made.

In the section "Life Safety," artificial lighting of the bus assembly section was calculated according to low accuracy works.

In the section of the economic part of the project is presented

calculation of capital investments in the stand for hanging cars for its payback period.

The graphic part of the diploma project is submitted

the most significant materials, as well as not fully displayed materials of the explanatory note.

Thus, according to the diploma project as a whole

it can be noted that the goals and targets set as a result

the work carried out has been achieved.