Motor compartment project under PATP conditions

Contents

1. Introduction

2. Select Technical Service Management Method

3. Demand Program Calculation

4. Calculation of the designed object and its organization

5. Safety precautions at the project site

6. Design Part

7. Conclusion

8. List of literature

1. Introduction

Currently, the automotive transport industry is developing rapidly throughout the world, which is of great importance in all industries, since road transport is a mobile means for delivering passengers, various types of cargo. It has great maneuverability, low costs for training persons to drive this vehicle (vehicle).

The car is a complex technical system that is designed to carry out transport activities. Due to the high maneuverability, cross-country ability and adaptability to work in various conditions, road transport has become one of the main means of transporting goods and passengers. The main task of road transport is the timely delivery of goods due to reduced non-production downtime, the use of trailers in order to increase the efficiency of cargo transportation, reduce fuel costs due to reduced empty runs.

A modern car consists of 20 thousand parts, of which 10 thousand lose their operability during operation, of which 4 thousand have a service life less than a car, more than 100 of them affect traffic safety. The operability of these elements determines the technical condition.

During the operation of the car, its working properties and technical condition are deteriorated due to aging, wear of parts, corrosion and fatigue of the material from which they are made. In connection with maintenance, diagnostics and maintenance of units that ensure traffic safety are carried out, washing, lubrication and fastening operations are carried out. The next operation is TO-2. At TO-2 all operations on ETO and TO1 are performed, carry out diagnostics and service of elements providing tyagovoekonomichesky properties of the car, work with incomplete dismantling of units. There is also an ongoing repair operation (TR), in which all ETO, TO-1 and TO2 operations are carried out; operation is performed with complete disassembly or replacement of units. During seasonal maintenance (CO), the car is prepared for winter operation, the condition and operation of the heating system are checked, the cabin is insulated, the system is washed.

The developed operations help to maintain the operation and duration of operation, as well as ensure high technical readiness of the rolling stock.

Purpose of the course project:

The course project is an independent work of a student in the special discipline "Car Maintenance." Course design has the goal of consolidating and systematizing the knowledge and skills of students obtained during the study of special disciplines, the opportunity to establish the degree of assimilation of educational material, the development of skills for independent work, the practical application of theoretical knowledge in the organization of maintenance and maintenance of cars.

The theme of the course project is "The project of the engine department in PATP conditions." This project is the final stage of the study of the discipline "Car Maintenance" and one of the most important stages of the training of mechanical technicians.

Course design has the following objectives:

1. Systematizing the consolidation and deepening of theoretical knowledge obtained in the study of discipline.

2. Assimilation of basis of design and technological calculations of ATP sections.

3. The ability to correctly choose the method of organization of production and its justification for specific conditions.

4. Ability to use normative and reference literature.

Equipment selection

Equipment selection is performed according to technological necessity. The equipment to be selected fully corresponds to the scope of works to be performed, provided for by the "Regulation on Maintenance and Repair of Rolling Stock of Road Transport"

The installation of the equipment was carried out in accordance with the recommendations developed by NIIAT, which allows saving time for the performance of work, achieving high labor productivity, due to the use of modern technology for the performance of work at the designed facility. The equipment shall be of such quantity that the technical repair cycle shall be complete and complete. If the equipment is placed correctly, then there should be no return movements and a minimum of cross paths.

Selection and justification of work and rest modes

The designed facility works 247 days a year for a five-day 40-hour working week. The facility employs 1 person per shift.

Regulated breaks

- lunch 60 minutes from 1200 to 1300 hours

- a three-minute break at the beginning of the first hour of work with gymnastics elements.

- a ten-minute break at the end of the second hour of work, of which five minutes of gymnastics.

-a ten-minute break in the fiftieth minute of the sixth hour of work, of which five minutes of gymnastics.

Functional music

- 20 minutes at the end of the first hour of operation;

- 10 minutes at the end of the third hour of operation;

- 30 minutes at the end of the fourth hour of operation;

- 10 minutes at the beginning of the sixth hour of operation;

- 45 minutes at the beginning of the last hour of operation ;

Quality control of works performed

Quality control of maintenance and repair of cars is an integral part of the production process. The ultimate goal of control is to prevent marriage and improve quality.

A technical control department - CTC - is created in motor transport enterprises. The head of the OTC reports directly to the director of the enterprise, sometimes to the chief engineer.

The main task of the CTC is to monitor the volume of work performed in zones, areas and departments. The following controls were most widely used:

Acceptance control is carried out by QC mechanics of delivered cars and units, ATM units.

Continuous control is carried out by KTP mechanics upon return of cars from the line. Its main purpose is to determine the technical condition of car assemblies and assemblies that ensure the safe operation of the car on the line, as well as control the completeness of the car.

After maintenance and maintenance, repair in sections and compartments, selective control is carried out.

Approximately every 3rd car is checked by the zone master for the completeness of the work performed and their quality in the presence of the zone foreman and the TOC master.

During repair of units and assemblies in sections for each operation, the control is carried out by the contractor, and the assembled units and assemblies are controlled by the site master. Inspection of repaired units and units is carried out selectively by TCC employees. During running-in and testing of units and assemblies, a card is filled in which the obtained parameters are indicated.

Employees who monitor the quality of work performance use various material tools, templates, listening devices.

The number of TOC employees and their arrangement depends on the size and operating modes of the enterprise.

According to the accounting data of the CTC and the heads of departments, the causes and culprits of marriage are established. Scrap accounting results are also used in determining the premium to production personnel.

Receipt, storage and accounting of spare parts and materials. Interim Warehouse Operation

The cost of spare parts and materials is about 60% of the cost of maintenance and repair of cars.

The correct consumption of spare parts, materials, revolving fund units is important in the economic performance of the enterprise.

Spare parts, revolving fund units, materials are issued from the warehouse on the take-off list from the revolving fund warehouse. Permission to obtain is granted by the chief engineer or his deputy. Nodes, units, spare parts more than 5 rubles are written directly to the car, in the warehouse, in the limit card, a record is made in this case, the total amount in the limit card for the car is carried out with an increasing total for the year.

Units, materials, units in departments and areas are obtained based on 10 daily stock, and repaired ones are handed over to the warehouse. They are stored in cabinets, safes, shelves closed. Accounting is maintained by the site master. Every second, the site master reports for spare parts and materials to the accounting department of the enterprise.

The intermediate warehouse operates in the same mode as the maintenance and maintenance areas.

Storage of units on the industrial warehouse is carried out on racks with cells on which there is an inscription, part number by catalog, price per unit.

Heavy units are stored on floor racks. Lifting vehicles are available for transporting heavy units.

The storekeeper of the intermediate warehouse has a light display or a map of the units of the revolving fund of non-reduced stock. In case of reduction of the revolving fund units, the storekeeper informs the production dispatcher or the chief engineer, who give urgent instructions to the pickers and site craftsmen on the immediate restoration of the undeliverable stock of the revolving fund units. For the correctness of the maintenance of limit cards for cars and fence lists for plots and branches, the storekeeper is responsible, who reports to the accounting company.

Repair offices in the conditions of the enterprise work for "warehouse" with the order of the director is established on each division, not reduced stock of units, knots, details is recommended to 4 - 8%.

Measures to save fuel and lubricants

Fuel and lubricants costs account for about 30% of the cost of transportation or tens of millions of rubles per year. Petroleum products are extremely valuable materials, so their savings are of great importance.

The technical condition of the car has a significant impact on fuel and oil consumption, therefore, at the designed facility it is necessary to take all measures for quantitative and qualified maintenance and repair of the car, its components and assemblies. Studies have found that fuel efficiency primarily depends on the correct adjustment of the power supply system, ignition, gas distribution mechanisms, transmission units and undercarriage. For example, a malfunction of an economizer in which fuel is supplied continuously increases the flow rate by 10-15%. Failure of one spark plug increases fuel consumption by 25%. Errors between contacts, in adjusting the gap of the breaker, increase fuel consumption by 7-8%. Violation of wheel installation angles increases fuel consumption by 10-12%. With a decrease in air pressure in car tires by 0.05 mPa, fuel and oil consumption increases by 4-5%.

It is necessary to firmly remember and know that fuel and lubricant savings can be achieved only on a technical vehicle. It is forbidden to release cars on the line that have malfunctions that allow fuel overspending. Do not use fuel to warm up cars in interschange time. Filling with oil must be performed only with the help of equipment, prevent oil leaking from units and tanks. For better and more efficient maintenance of cars, it is necessary to carefully wash them before putting them in maintenance or TRP zones.

It is necessary to constantly improve the skills of workers, to apply the organization and remuneration of industrial workers, in which they would be interested in reducing the consumption of fuel and lubricants.

Scientific Organization of Labor

The Scientific Labour Organization (NOT) means the development and implementation of a system of organizational and technical measures aimed at improving methods and working conditions based on the use of the last decades of science and technology, and ensuring increased productivity. In economic terms, the aim of the NOT is to rational planning and equipping of workplaces with tools, devices and equipment that contribute to the intensification of production processes, as well as the supply of materials to the workplace in accordance with the planned scope of work, and the establishment of planned indicators of labor and material costs. One of the main uses of NOTs is the rational use, separation and cooperation of labor, in which each worker specializes in the performance of individual types of work. In addition, the NOT provides for working conditions, which are determined by sanitary and hygienic and psychophysiological data, the state of labor protection and safety. NOTE provides for a set of measures during operation in zones, namely:

- illumination of workplaces by natural and artificial means must comply with the established standards;

- Working and rest schedule is being developed;

- provides for the provision of specialties. clothing;

- tools, parts, assemblies are arranged on the workpieces and stands, so as to contribute to less fatigue of the workers;

- walls of zones to a height of one and a half meters are lined with glazed ceramic tiles of light tones, walls above one and a half meters and ceilings are whitened with chalk and lime ;

- technical documentation shall be posted on walls in frames made in one form and shall be installed on the same level.

Design Part

Due to the fact that the engines are repaired at the station, I propose an accessory for removing the lower cover of the connecting rod. The accessory is used both during current repair and during overhaul of engines.

Accessory consists of the following parts:

Ear

Bolt

Fork

Rod

Dumbbell

Handle

Axis

Spring

The accessory operates as follows. When the accessory is installed, the connecting rod cover enters the plug. Note here that lugs turn axially to overcome spring force to allow cover to enter fork.

When moving back, the lugs are pressed, thereby jamming it in the fork. Using a dumbbell, several blows are made. At that impact force is transmitted through rod to fork. The cover is removed from the connecting rod and remains in the fork.

Conclusion

The course project per topic: "The project of the engine department in PATP conditions" was completed by me in accordance with the requirements and recommendations of the methodological manuals for course design. The following tasks were solved in the course project:

The ATP production program has been calculated in the nomenclature and labor expression.

The designed object was calculated, the equipment was selected and the work of the designed object was organized.

Recommendations on safe methods of work at the designed facility have been developed.

The graphic part is completed.