Organization of maintenance of buses in PATP-2, Surgut

Contents

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

1 FEASIBILITY STUDY

1.1 Analysis of production activities of PATP in Surgut

1.1.1 Brief description of the enterprise

1.1.2 Analysis of maintenance and maintenance organization

1.2 Analysis of the operation of buses in the PATP of Surgut

1.2.1 Structural features of buses

1.2.2 Analysis of adaptability of PTB PATP of Surgut on commissioning of AKA 6226, MBT 0345, LiAZ buses

1.3 Rationale for implementation of air filter filter elements cleaning bench

1.4 Problems, goals and objectives of the diploma project

2 PROCESS PART

2.1 Organization of maintenance and repair at the enterprise

2.2 Execution of maintenance plan

2.3 Organization of the process TO-

2.4 Maintenance Technology

3 TECHNOLOGICAL CALCULATION OF THE ENTERPRISE

3.1 Initial data for calculation

3.2 Baseline Data Accepted by Regulatory Literature

3.3 Calculation of maintenance and maintenance program

3.4 Determination of technical readiness factor

3.5 Determination of vehicle utilization rate

3.6 Determination of annual mileage

3.7 Calculation of annual volumes of works on maintenance, diagnostics, current repair of cars

3.8 Determination of annual scope of auxiliary works

3.9 Annual scope of self-service of the enterprise

3.10 Distribution of maintenance and maintenance scope by production areas and areas

3.11 Calculation of the number of production workers

3.12 Calculation of production areas, service lines

3.13 Calculation of warehouses

3.14 Calculation of areas of car storage area

3.15 Calculation of auxiliary rooms areas

3.16 Calculation of parcel areas

4 DESIGN PART

4.1 Classification of cleaning methods and methods

4.2 Analysis of design of devices for cleaning of filter elements of engine air filters

4.3 Designed Air Filter Cleaning Bench

4.4 Calculation of V-belt transmission

5 LIFE SAFETY

5.1 Characterization and analysis of potential hazards and hazards of organized works

5.2 Comprehensive measures of actual development and reflection of BJD

5.3 Development of priority issue. Analysis of industrial injuries at ATP

6 ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF THE ORGANIZATION OF MAINTENANCE OF BUSES IN PATP OF SURGUT

6.1 Calculation of transportation costs

6.2 Calculation of taxes

6.3. Evaluation of technical and economic indicators of TO-

6.4 Assessing the Impact of Design Solutions on Enterprise Costs

6.5 Payback Period for Capital Investments

CONCLUSION

LIST OF SOURCES USED

Introduction

In road transport, the problem of reducing the cost of transportation is the most acute due to the extremely high labor intensity of maintaining cars in a technically serviceable state. The annual labor intensity of maintenance and maintenance of cars is 2-5 times higher than the labor intensity of their manufacture at automobile plants.

To reduce the cost of maintenance and maintenance, it is necessary to first improve the design of the car.

The second, no less important way to reduce costs is to improve the maintenance and maintenance of cars directly by employees of motor vehicles due mainly to the widespread introduction of an aggregate method of car repair, improvement of organization and technology, mechanization of car maintenance and maintenance processes.

The widespread introduction of vehicle diagnostics in the practice of transport enterprises will avoid unnecessary or premature repairs of units and parts.

The problem of more complete use of aggregates is one of the main ones on which the cost of road transportation depends. One solution to this problem is the aggregate repair method, which allows you to reduce the simple car in the current repair.

The largest cost of maintaining the car in a technically serviceable condition falls on ongoing repairs.

Of the units, assemblies and systems according to the specific labor intensity of the current repair of buses, the engine (19) is in the first place, then the undercarriage (12%), brakes (11%), etc. A similar distribution is observed in other types of cars. Therefore, the search for ways to reduce the cost of current repair of the car needs to start with the engine.

Currently, in motor transport enterprises (ATPs), the technological processes of maintenance and repair of rolling stock do not fully meet the requirements of the scientific and technical process. Improving the design of cars, their assemblies and assemblies causes the need to modernize production areas and work stations, equipping them with new technical equipment.

The shortcomings of existing technological processes, the shortage of technological equipment, lead to violations of technological discipline, low quality of work and, as a result, the premature appearance of malfunctions of rolling stock.

However, it should be borne in mind that the creation of a developed production and technical base requires a large financial cost. Therefore, the process of reconstruction and technical re-equipment should be ongoing and continuous.

Structural features of buses

The city 114 local bus LiAZ 5256 began to be operated on the passenger lines of Surgut. Excellent dynamics, i.e. fast and at the same time smooth acceleration, reliable braking, high maneuverability, magnificent appearance, high-quality finish of the passenger compartment, -vot far from a complete list of positive positions, which distinguishes these models from the widely known domestic bus LiAZ 677.

At the same time, the design features of buses represent specific requirements to the existing production and technical base of the enterprise.

A detailed consideration of the design features of buses allows us to draw certain conclusions regarding the adaptation of the PTB to routine maintenance.

The comparable length of buses makes it possible to conclude that the existing inspection ditches can be used for maintenance and repair of the bus.

However, the changed base of the wheels by 1215%, compared to the LiAZ677 bus, will require the reconstruction of inspection ditches equipped with electromechanical four-post groove lifts. Increasing the bus's own weight requires a change in the equipment of lifts of greater carrying capacity.

In addition, the lack of reinforced seats (brackets) in the lower part of the sides of the bodies of buses, and their presence in the middle part, creates certain difficulties in servicing. At the same time, the existing goats cannot be used due to the impossibility of installing them on the bus. In this regard, the technical service has to produce non-standard stands, the work with which is extremely not convenient. Firstly, they have significant weight, secondly, the stand must be clearly installed under the bus in the center through an inspection ditch, having previously lifted the bow of the bus with a mobile groove lift to a certain height, then this procedure must be carried out in the rear of the bus. Naturally, this work can be carried out only by two car locksmiths, which unreasonably degrades the operational feasibility of the bus.

The use of specific diesel power units causes the need to retrofit the engine section of the enterprise with specialized equipment, a non-standard tool, the development and implementation of maintenance and repair technology.

The use of a steering mechanism with a ball nut and a hydraulic booster, in contrast to a two-start worm and a sector with a hydraulic booster (LiAZ677), as well as a hydromechanical gearbox, also requires the development of TR technology, equipping the unit section with special equipment, devices, tools.

Currently, as practice shows, work in this direction in bus fleets is not yet underway. The reason for this is the reliable operation of the main units of the bus. However, this lull may be deceptive and it is necessary to prepare for difficult times already at the first stage of the development of new technology.

The installation of disc wheels on the bus, the mass of which together with the tires exceeds the similar mass, respectively, of the LiAZ677 buses, causes the need to use a specialized lift trolley to install the wheel on the studs of hung bridges. Otherwise, thread disruption can occur, since the installation of the wheel in this position of the bus is extremely difficult and is accompanied by sliding of the disk holes along ten threaded studs. In addition, the lack of brackets for lifting the body on the sides of the bus creates certain problems for drivers in the event of a wheel tire puncture on the line, since there is no operational possibility of installing safety goats under the bus with jack wheels. In this regard, it is necessary to develop an accessory included in the driver's tool kit, which performs prompt, safe hanging of wheels on the line if they need to be replaced.

Analysis of PATP2 PTB adaptability for acceptance of AKA 6226 buses, MBT 0345, LiAZ 5256

1. By production areas.

A) Bring the supply of production areas and equipment to the standard level, primarily in areas for the repair of diesel engines, power system devices, brake and pneumatic systems, electric, tire and body. Also requires expansion of storage space;

B) reconstruction of work posts in the main production divisions (TO1, TO-2, TR, etc.) at the same time, special attention should be paid to the organization of maintenance and repair at travel posts.

C) Develop the technology and organize the execution of TO-1 together with D-1 diagnostics on the flow lines. Organize the operation of D-2 zone;

D) During the reconstruction of the TR and TO-2 zone, consider the possibility of equipping work posts and performing work on floor posts equipped with lifts or sets of racks;

E) Carry out certification of work posts taking into account homogeneity of work and equip with specialized equipment and equipment;

F) Reconstruction of flow-through ventilation of EO, TO1, TO-2, TR zones. In the areas of maintenance and maintenance, it is necessary to arrange local suction at each work station with the equipment of suction hoses with special clamps that ensure reliable and tight attachment of hoses on the exhaust pipe of any bus brand;

G) It is necessary to qualitatively change the repair area of ​ ​ the diesel engine power supply system. The room for repair of the HPV must have the necessary illumination, ventilation and process equipment, in particular a BOSH stand or its analogue;

H) It is necessary to equip a special area for in-depth diagnostics of bus systems and assemblies (D-2);

And) To reconstruct the workshop for the repair and testing of the GMP.

2. For process equipment.

A) Equip production areas and areas with process equipment and equipment in accordance with the "Table of process equipment for ATP of various capacities, CAS and AMC." Special attention shall be paid to equipment equipment for assembly and assembly works (nuts, pneumatic rails) and lubrication and filling operations;

B) It is necessary to purchase (manufacture) special equipment and equipment for maintenance and repair, namely:

- accessory for installation of piston in sleeves;

- special wrench for nozzle removal;

- accessory for valves, installation of glands;

- bench for valves lapping;

- supports for gearbox and engine;

- accessory for removal of brake drums, brake shoes;

- device for groove directly on the bus of brake linings;

- wheel rim straightening machine;

- wheel balancing stand;

- WEBASTO heater tester;

- antifreeze tester;

- stethoscope;

- digital compact portable voltmeter;

- stand for headlamp adjustment;

- vacuum cleaner for cleaning of ploughshares in the bus cabin;

- accessory for release of pivots of NLG;

- puller for steering rods;

- accessory for pneumatic compressor removal;

- high-power compressors for tyre pumping;

- stand for installation and dismantling of tubeless tyres;

- install equipment for body work;

- develop a bench for disassembly and assembly of GMP;

- develop a test bench for GMP testing.

- develop a bench for cleaning filter elements of diesel engine air filters

3. By personnel.

A) Conduct classes with ITR to prepare for the operation of rolling stock.

B) Create special integrated teams for company services of buses, conduct classes in order to study the peculiarities of the design of units and assemblies and methods of work performance. Special attention should be paid to maintenance and repair, electrical equipment, the engine and its power supply system, maintenance of the braking system, tubeless tires, GMP, etc.

C) Conduct classes with the driver's staff on the design of buses and control features in the amount of 40 hours.

Problems, goals and objectives of the diploma project

PROBLEM:

Low motor resource of bus engines due to the increased dust content of highways in the city of Surgut.

PURPOSE:

Increase service life of parts of cylinder-piston group and crank-valve mechanism.

OBJECTIVES OF THE DIPLOMA PROJECT:

1. Justify the need to organize maintenance of buses in PATP2 of Surgut.

2. Develop measures to monitor the technical condition of the engine.

3. Develop a bench for cleaning engine filter elements.

4. Develop BJD activities.

5. Make an economic assessment of the effectiveness of the proposed measures.

Execution of maintenance plan

Maintenance of TO-1 and TO-2 is performed according to the planned preventive system, according to the calculated annual production program.

The order, for maintenance, approved by the chief engineer, is transferred to the operations department, OTC and heads of departments: TO-1 for a week, TO-2 for a month. Monitoring of TO-1 and TO-2 execution is carried out daily in the TRP.

TO-1 is carried out in interschange time by two teams in two shifts from 7.00 to 21.00, on Saturday in one shift from 7.00 to 16.00 on a flow line with 2 posts.

Maintenance Technology

Maintenance is a set of activities of a certain value, each of which in turn consists of operations performed in a certain process sequence corresponding to the whole process plan. The operation is a set of sequential actions for servicing the units or group of units of the bus (for example, oil change in the crankcase of the engine, clutch adjustment).

Thus, the process refers to a certain sequence of work and operations, which is aimed at maintaining the operability of the bus.

The main task of the maintenance process is the high quality of the work performed at the lowest cost of working time, and therefore at the highest productivity of the worker.

Maintenance of the bus consists of a large number of technological operations, which, by their purpose, nature, conditions of execution, equipment used, tools and qualifications of the executive staff, are combined into certain work groups. The latter in one scope or another are included in the content of the work on EO, TO1, TO-2. Regardless of the type of maintenance, with the exception of EO, it contains the following main works: harvesting, wiping (external care), control diagnostics, fastening, adjustment, electrical, lubricating, tire. In addition, in

The scope of maintenance works includes: inspection works before RO, TO1, TO-2 and work on checking the bus after maintenance.

Cleaning, washing and wiping works are cleaning the body (interior) of the bus and passenger car, external washing of the chassis and body, wiping the outer part, side and front windows.

Control and diagnostic works - monitoring the condition of units, mechanisms, devices, bus systems as a whole by external signs (output parameters) without disassembling the mechanisms.

Adjustment operations are operations to restore the operability of the units, mechanisms and systems of the bus using the adjustment devices provided for in them to the level required by the maintenance rules of the bus (for example, the speed of the engine crankshaft at idle, clutch pedal idle).

Fastening works consist of checking the condition of threaded joints of parts and their attachment (tightening), installation of fasteners instead of lost ones and replacement of unsuitable ones.

Electrical work consists in checking the external condition of power sources (battery, generator with relay and AC rectifier) and electric power consumers (battery ignition system devices, starter, lighting and alarm instruments), cleaning from dust, dirt and traces of oxidation of contact connections, troubleshooting as a result of diagnostics of the bus electrical equipment system.

Works on the engine power supply system include checking the external condition of the power supply system devices (carburetor, fuel pump,

air filter), leak tightness of pipelines, fault rectification and adjustment based on diagnostic results.

Lubrication and cleaning works include periodic replenishment and change of oil in the crankcase of the units, lubrication of bearings and hinge joints of the transmission, undercarriage, steering and body, filling of the bus with special liquids (brake, shock absorber), cleaning of all filters, replacement of filter elements and settling tanks of the lubrication system.

Tire works consist of checking the external condition of tires (tires) in order to establish the need for repair, removing stuck sharp objects from the tire tread, checking the internal pressure and bringing it to the required.

Monitoring work after maintenance consists of checking the engine, the action of brakes, steering and other units and mechanisms.

Filling operations include the following - filling the bus and filling the engine cooling system with liquid. Such separation of the main maintenance works determines the use of the working relevant specialties and qualifications in the performance of each type of work and the use of special equipment and devices, tools at the places where these works are performed.

In addition, this is necessary to organize rational, consistent implementation of them. Regardless of the type of maintenance, the first priority is harvesting, one of the tasks of which is to prepare the bus for subsequent maintenance operations and give it an appropriate appearance.

The main purpose of the first maintenance is to reduce the wear rate of parts, identify and prevent faults and failures by timely performance of control diagnostics, fastening, adjustment and lubrication and cleaning operations.

The process of servicing the rolling stock is carried out on flow lines having 2 posts.

1 post - performance of control, fastening, bus, control, and adjustment works;

2 post - performance of control, filling, lubrication and cleaning of air filters.

The equality of the line stroke at all posts is a prerequisite.

Buses on the flow lines are installed after performing harvesting work and repairing a lot of labor.

4 design part

During operation, automotive equipment is subjected to significant contamination, i.e. its internal and external surfaces are covered with undesirable substances that make it difficult or impossible to properly further operate the equipment, reduce its reliability, efficiency of use, cause accelerated wear of parts, corrosion, aging of materials, parts and assemblies.

One of the conditions for further improving the quality of repair and maintenance of equipment is high-quality cleaning of units, assembly units and machine parts at all stages of their maintenance and repair process.

Cleaning cars and their components during maintenance and repair is a complex, not completely solved problem. The imperfection of cleaning technologies and equipment negatively affects the quality of maintenance and repair of automotive equipment, sanitary and hygienic working conditions of workers, their productivity. It has been established by practice that high-quality cleaning of units and parts during restoration and assembly allows increasing the motor resource of repaired engines by 20-30%. The solution to the problem of improving the quality of cleaning cars and their components consists in improving the technology and equipment of washing and cleaning operations.

One of the most important working elements of the car is the power supply system, which is designed to provide fuel reserves, fuel purification, etc. The technical condition of the power supply system is subject to special requirements, since it directly affects such engine performance indicators as power, economy, durability and ease of start-up.

The power supply system includes devices for cleaning and air supply to cylinders, exhaust gas discharge, and fuel supply control drive. Violation of air filter housing tightness, filter elements integrity, their contamination leads to compression loss and emergency wear of piston rings and cylinder mirror. It should be remembered that the service life of the engine depends to a large extent on the state of the air filter, while maintaining its ability to ensure high-quality cleaning of air from mechanical impurities. There is a direct relationship between contamination of air sucked into the engine and wear of parts of the cylinder-piston group.

4.1 Classification of cleaning methods and methods

There is no unity in the approach to the classification of cleaning methods and methods, the different authors approach this issue differently. If the classification is based on the different nature of the forces of destruction of pollution on the surface to be cleaned, i.e.

objective factors, then purification methods can be divided into mechanical, physiochemical and biological. Biological purification method found no application.

The mechanical method is based on the removal of contamination by applying normal and tangential forces to them.

The physicochemical method involves the removal or transformation of contamination due to molecular transformations, dissolution, the formation of suspensions and emulsions, the consumption of thermal energy, radiation exposure, and other physicochemical processes.

In practice, each method can be implemented in different ways. The method, as defined in the legislative acts on inventions and rationalization, is characterized by performing in a certain sequence a number of actions (techniques) and operations using material objects. Therefore, these methods can be implemented in various ways.

Mechanical cleaning method is implemented by the following methods :

pneumodynamic (impact of air wave, suction due to discharge);

hydrodynamic (cavitation cleaning, electrohydraulic shock);

force-free impact of solids (quartz, scraping, rubbing);

shock influence of solid bodies (blow of solid bodies about the surface of cleaning, vibration).

The physicochemical cleaning method depends on a number of factors, can be implemented by such methods as thermal, ultrasonic, electrochemical cleaning, cleaning with a detergent.

The choice of each of these cleaning methods depends on a number of factors: the type and degree of contamination, the material from which the object to be cleaned is made, the complexity of the profile, prevention of corrosion during the cleaning period, the presence of production areas, economic costs, and the safety of the maintenance personnel.

Consider briefly some of the most possible cleaning methods for an air filter.

Pneumodynamic method can be implemented by air suction together with contaminants or filter blowing with compressed air.

Under action of air jet forces of adhesion between surface to be cleaned and particles of contamination are overcome with their subsequent removal from area of article to be cleaned.

The vibration cleaning method is a promising method of improving cleaning efficiency. Due to vibration, solid resinous deposits are destroyed: microscopic cracks are formed in them, which helps reduce the adhesion forces of the fouling film to the filter fibers.

Method of cleaning in detergent solution consists in action on contamination of active cleaning agents. These include aqueous solutions of alkaline salts, acids or synthetic detergents, organic solvents and emulsion formulations.

Purification with aqueous solutions of alkaline salts or synthetic detergents is a complex physicochemical process. The main task is to overcome the forces of adhesion between the contamination itself and the medium to be cleaned so that the contamination does not re-deposit on the surface to be cleaned.

4.2 Analysis of design of devices for cleaning of filter elements of engine air filters

The durability of the internal combustion engine depends to a large extent on the efficiency of cleaning the air entering the combustion chamber. Thus, the life of engines before overhaul is limited mainly to wear of 70 80% of the main parts due to the ingress of abrasive particles into the engine.

There is now a trend towards the use of cardboard filter element (CFE) air cleaners. Most CFE's have a sufficiently high air purification efficiency exceeding 99.5%. Regardless of the mode of operation of the engine, they retard particle 99% larger than 2 μm.

During operation, air filters are actively exposed to various meteorological and biological conditions, which contribute to the formation in the air of a dispersed medium saturated with fine particles. By interacting with the surface of the filter, the particles form a film of various thicknesses on it.

Studies of the structure of pollution have found that they mainly contain particles of dust, graphite, rust, held on the surface by fats and resins.

4.2.1 Working medium - air

4.2.1.1 Device for cleaning paper filters author's certificate 1181689 of the USSR Kazakh Research Institute of Road Transport.

Cleaning in this device takes place as follows. When cleaning filter is rotated from electric motor, air blows it, dust removed from it is sucked by dust collector. And in case of filter contamination with soot of oils, soot and the like on this device, it is washed under a jet of washing liquid. The detergent solution can be OP7, OP-10 (GOST 8433-81) and household washing powders.

After washing on this device, the filter is dried, for which the latter is rotated first slowly, then smoothly increasing the speed to maximum revolutions. After partial removal of moisture, the calorifer is turned on.

4.2.1.2 Device for the regeneration of filter elements author's certificate 1036348 USSR Belarusian Polytechnic Institute.

A feature of cleaning in this device is that dust particles have a charging ability. The charging process is that a short discharge produces electrons which, in addition to being able to ionize, have the ability to pierce the filter and attach to particles of dust, ash, soot, etc., charging them, and under the influence of a field causes them to move to the body where the precipitation of these particles takes place.

The device allows to combine the following processes: supply of compressed air under pressure to the side opposite to the supply of pollution during operation (i.e. from inside the filter); shaking; moving the air jet along the height of the filter element, reproducing the reverse electrostatic effect; centrifugal cleaning at high rpm.

4.2.1.3 Device for cleaning filters author's certificate 1247052 USSR Belarusian Polytechnic Institute.

Filter cleaning is performed by blowing with compressed air.

Mandrel for fixing filter is made in form of ring and eccentric rotating relative to each other, filter is fixed on ring, pressure nozzles are fixed on eccentric.

Filter is rotated from compressed air head around its axis and around device axis shifted relative to filter by eccentricity value. Simultaneously with rotation, filter is shaken from pneumatic cylinder.

4.2.1.5 Device for regeneration of filter elements author's certificate 1256768 of the USSR.

Device is equipped with additional vertical collector installed parallel to the first one on external side. Air leaving the nozzle of the additional manifold rotates the filter element on the support, performs transverse shaking of the corrugation and blows off the crust-like deposit of dust. Air exiting the nozzles of the main manifold blows the pores of the filter element in the direction of reverse air passage through the filter element during its operation.

The resulting dust air is sucked by the fan. A dust trap is installed on the dust air suction path, where air enters the water and dust settles.

4.2.2 Working medium - water

4.2.2.1 Device for regeneration of filter elements a.s. 1554943 USSR NGO Kazavtotranstechnika.

Cleaning of filtering element is performed mainly due to localized action of gas-liquid jet directed under high pressure on its inner surface. The rotary movement of the filter element and the reciprocating movement of the rod with the nozzle make it possible to provide washing with a gas-liquid jet of the entire internal surface of the filter element. Additional cleaning occurs due to vibration of the element in the detergent solution.

4.2.2.3 Device for washing filters author's certificate 1637834 USSR Kharkiv Production Machine-Building Association

Proposed device comprises washing chamber composed of two compartments, filters, flushing fluid flow reversal unit and pipeline system.

Air is pulsed from air supply line through interrupter in internal cavity of filters. Washing fluid is pumped into first compartment of washing chamber. Due to the fact that the throughput capacity of the flush hole is equal to half the capacity of the pump, the level of flushing liquid in the compartment increases. Air injected into the washed filters blows out dirt particles deposited on their surface. If the washing liquid level is further increased, the washed dirt particles together with the foam are removed. At the same time, a liquid level indicator operates, which interacts with the distributor and switches it to a position in which another compartment of the washing chamber is connected to the pump delivery wire, and the washing process proceeds simultaneously: in one compartment the liquid level decreases, and in the other - increases.

Device makes it possible to constantly change level of washing liquid in compartments, and blowing unit provides constant pulsation of air supply inside filters and blowing out of contamination.

4.2.2.4 Method of filtering element washing, device for its implementation a.s. 1017370 USSR All-Union Research and Design Institute of Nuclear Power Engineering.

At washing of filtering element in liquid by supply of ascending flow of compressed air and discharge of water-air mixture, flow of compressed air is supplied between filter body and filtering element with simultaneous discharge of liquid at rate not more than 25 m/s. Perforated annular manifold for supply of compressed air is located under filtering element, and facility for discharge of water-air mixture is located above filtering element.

Increased degree of removal of retained disperse particles from filter element is caused by simultaneous action of two flows:

downflow of the filter moving parallel to the axis;

flow of moving filter perpendicular to axis.

4.3 Designed Air Filter Cleaning Bench

Based on the study of the pollution mechanism, existing cleaning methods and devices, taking into account the design of the air filter and the material from which it is made, it can be assumed that the most suitable method of cleaning the air filter is pneumodynamic using vibration.

The proposed process will be as follows:

drying the contaminated filter;

dry cleaning using compressed air or vacuum;

vibration during dry cleaning.

Drying of the contaminated filter is intended to remove excessive moisture of the filter, which binds various mechanical particles and increases the adhesion forces, holding them on the surface, and preventing their removal.

During dry cleaning, dust and other contaminants of this type are separated due to aerodynamic action of the air flow flowing through the filter (due to supply of compressed air or contaminants) in the opposite direction to the working one. Application of mechanical action causing shear and microscopic cracks in the contamination film under the influence of accelerations arising during vibration improves the cleaning process.

Air blowing of the filter is carried out with certain parameters (pressure difference, flow rate), which are selected depending on the design, dimensions, material and dirt of the filter. The air flow through the filter is opposite to the normal air flow during operation. Considering the non-uniformity of the filter contamination in height, washing at different levels of the filter in time with different duration is recommended. It is possible to replace the purge with suction (discharge) while maintaining the direction of the contaminated air flow.

The device for drying the contaminated filter is designed to reduce excessive humidity of the air filter, since the filters operate under conditions with different atmospheric humidity. Device consists of contaminated filter installed in body of heat fan, which creates heat flow of air, adapter, through which air from heat fan is supplied to body, and support.

The filter is installed in the housing, which is tightly closed. After drying, the filter is removed from the housing and visually monitored. Other control methods were not possible at this stage of the work due to the lack of appropriate control devices.

Filter cleaning plant is designed for dry cleaning by pneumodynamic method using vibration. The plant consists of a base on which a pressure-vacuum pressure gauge, a housing with a recoverable filter, a vibrator drive, a fan, an electric panel and a branch pipe are attached. Housing is installed on base by means of pins through shock absorbers.

The contaminated filter through the opening cover is installed in the housing and is hermetically closed. Side branch pipe of housing is connected with suction fan by means of branch pipe. Suction cavity of housing (working volume), in which charging filter is located, is connected to pressure vacuum gauge. The pressure gauge indicates the difference between the atmospheric pressure and the pressure in the suction cavity, which occurs due to the resistance of the contaminated filter.

The installation works as follows: After installation of contaminated filter into housing, fan is turned on, which provides air transfer (suction) from working volume of housing through branch pipe, at that internal cavity of cleaned filter communicates with atmosphere. A vacuum occurs in the working volume of the housing, as a result of which air is leaked through the contaminated filter in the direction opposite to the usual air movement during the operation of the filter element and capturing dirt particles, then through the fan into the air cleaner. The resulting vacuum affects the level difference in the curved tube of the pressure gauge. The difference in liquid levels depends on the degree of vacuum generated in the gap between the housing wall and the filter element during cleaning. In turn, the degree of vacuum depends on the degree of contamination or damage of the filter element, i.e., in case of large contamination, there is a greater rarefaction and therefore a large difference in the levels of liquids in the elbows of the pressure-vacuum sensor.

In fact, in this cleaning stage, the filter element resistance is reduced to 100 mm. waters. St.

Economic evaluation of design solutions

In the economic justification of design solutions, the cost reduction for maintenance services was calculated due to an increase in the level of mechanization.

Economic evaluation of design solutions is carried out for three groups of rolling stock (according to the technological calculation).

Conclusion

In the first section of the diploma project, a feasibility study was carried out on the organization of work at the enterprise, measures were developed for rational use of the material and technical base and personnel potential of the enterprise. The technological calculation of the enterprise was made. Here, based on the number of the fleet, the scope of maintenance, TR, UMR and labor capacity is calculated.

Calculated: required number of production workers; number of TO1, TO-2, TR and diagnostics posts; required areas of production premises; quantity of process equipment.

In the technological part, the organization of the technological process of work of the TO-1 zone was developed with the introduction of a bench for cleaning filter elements of bus air filters. The design part of the project has developed a stand for cleaning filter elements of air filters of buses.

The introduction of the stand will increase engine resources. Increasing the level of mechanization of TO-1 zone operations will increase the efficiency of maintenance to prevent failures and faults.

In the BJD section, the existing potential hazards and hazards in the enterprise are analyzed. Comprehensive measures are proposed to ensure normal and safe working conditions during the organization of work. The selected priority issue has been substantiated.

The results of the developed measures influence on the economic indicators of the enterprise are presented.

The payback period of implemented measures is calculated, which will be 1.1 years.