Pig for 335 idle and soup sows

Contents

Contents

I. Floors. Main provisions

II. Special requirements for pig floors and their construction

III. Types of sexes

IV. Floor details

List of literature used

Contents

1. Introduction

2. Design Input

3. Space Explication

4. Architectural and civil structures

5. Heat Engineering Calculation

6. Conclusion

List of literature

Floors. Main provisions

Materials for floor arrangement are selected taking into account requirements arising from the purpose of the building. Floors in agricultural buildings must meet all sanitary-veterinary and physical-mechanical requirements, as well as have minimal thermal conductivity. Under sanitary and veterinary conditions, the floors should be harmless for people and animals, convenient for cleaning and disinfection, and at the same time not slim. Physical and mechanical requirements for floors are strength, durability and moisture resistance. The floors should also be resistant to the aggressive environment created by animal urine, slurry and disinfectants.

Given that a significant part of the floor of livestock buildings serves as a place for cattle to lie, floors should provide minimal heat loss to animals and thus contribute to the creation of a normal indoor microclimate.

Floors should be made mainly of local materials and be economical, since their cost, especially in agricultural buildings, is 10... 15% of the total cost of the structure.

In some cases, it may be useful to use several types of floors in the same room. For example, in the driveways and passageways of livestock buildings where there is an intensive movement of animals, the export of manure and the supply of feed, it is advisable to have a stronger floor, while in stalls or in machines it is softer and warmer.

Depending on the purpose of agricultural one-story buildings, floors are arranged directly on the ground. The structure of such a floor can be divided into the following component elements :

coating, or clean floor, is the upper layer of the floor directly exposed to operational effects: impacts, abrasion, humidification, etc.;

interlayer - an intermediate layer located under the coating and binding the coating to the underlying floor element or serving as a bed coating;

brace - a layer forming a rigid or dense crust on non-rigid or porous elements of the floor or overlap; the tie is also arranged either to align the surface of the floor element or to impart a predetermined slope to the coating;

the underlying layer, or preparation, is an element of the floor structure that receives loads from the coating and distributes them to the base;

the base is a layer of soil that receives all loads acting on the floor.

The floor structure may further include:

a waterproofing layer that prevents the penetration of sewage and other liquids through the floor, as well as into the ground water floor;

heat insulation layer is a floor element that reduces its total thermal conductivity, and sometimes serves as an underlying layer.

Soils, which are the basis for the floor, should not allow general and local deformations of it. Bulk soils and soils with disturbed structure are compacted. Vegetal soil and peat are replaced by soil excluding floor sediment.

Floor level shall be at least 150... 200 mm, which will prevent atmospheric water from flowing into the building.

Special requirements for pig floors and their construction

In rooms for holding pigs, the floors should be empty, sufficiently strong, resistant to the effects of waste liquid and disinfectants, non-slip, low-heat, waterproof.

To prevent atmospheric water from flowing into the building, the floors in the passages of the pig must be at least 150 mm higher than the planning elevation of the ground. The floors in the machines shall be 50 mm higher than the floor level in the passages. For the discharge of manure liquid in group machines, the floor is made with a slope of 5% towards the manure removal channel.

The most widespread use was made of concrete, brick and wood floors. Concrete floors are not warm enough, and also lead to rapid abrasion of animal hoodies.

Conventional brick floors are warmer and quite suitable for keeping animals. However, the construction of such floors is very laborious, their cost and short service life are high. In the practice of construction, wooden (plank) floors are used according to lags flooded in adobe preparation. The small difference between the temperature of the surface of the wooden floor and the air of the room creates satisfactory conditions for the holding of pigs, in particular young. However, such floors are susceptible to the destructive effect of urine, and in sanitary terms they are inferior in strength and durability to asphalt concrete.

One of the rational warm types of floors is lime-clay pol. in service passages, tile or monolithic floors made of bitumized soil cement are recommended. In rooms for storing inventory and bedding, cheaper adobe or clay-crushed stone floors can be made. In the rooms for maintenance personnel, the floors can be linoleum, ceramic and mosaic. In places of intensive accumulation of manure, that is, between rows of boxes, in dung passages, in group sections for holding pigs, slot floors are arranged. Slit floor grids can be made of cast iron or reinforced concrete. More economical are reinforced concrete slotted floors, the grids of which are made of M 400 concrete. The width of the slats during the arrangement of grids, slotted floor should be: for piglets-detachments of repair and fattening numbers - 40-50 mm, for cartilages and uterus - 70 mm, and the width of the gaps between the slats is 20... 22 and 26 mm, respectively.

Floors in group machines are made with a slope of 5% towards the manure channel.

Slot floors are located: when feeding dry feeds - in the rear of the machine; when feeding with wet and liquid feeds - along the line of feeders with an indentation from the last 0.2 m for piglets and 0.3... 0.4 m for the rest of the livestock. In machines for sucker uterus with piglets, as well as for piglets, it is allowed to arrange completely slotted floors, raised by 0.15... 0.2 m above the floor level of the passage.

The slotted floor shall be horizontal, even without mechanical defects, not slip when wet. The bars and slits must be placed parallel to the feeder to prevent the possibility of injury to animals.

Types of floors.

The floors of agricultural buildings according to the conditions of their work are divided into monolithic, prefabricated and prefabricated.

Monolithic floors can, be made of soil (earth), a gruntobetona, concrete, sand and cement, the izvestkovokeramzit, asphalt concrete. Coating of prefabricated monolithic floors is made of brick, tiles, cobblestone, paving stone, wooden boards and checkers. The underlying layer of such floors is in most cases a monolithic base. Prefabricated floors are made of concrete slabs, wooden, cast-iron grids, as well as metal grids.

For livestock agricultural buildings, floors are divided both by the method of their arrangement and by the place of their application, for example, warm and cold.

Floors with a low heat absorption index belong to warm floors. They are used in resting places for animals. Cold floors have a higher heat absorption index and are used in places where animals pass and mechanisms pass. Heat absorption of the floor surface of agricultural buildings is characterized by an indicator of thermal activity B and is determined in accordance with chap. SNiP 210.03-84 depending on the type of floor. For warm floors, the thermal activity index should be no more than 10 Vt/m2∙°S.

The floors are monolithic. The simplest view for agricultural buildings is an earthen floor of natural embossed soil, improved with an unsatisfactory granulometric composition with additions of sand and loam. The ground floor is arranged in warehouses for coarse feed and materials, in sheds and under canopies for storing agricultural machines, in forges, premises for the unrelated maintenance of horses, in arenas, etc.

With the arrangement of such floor, the upper vegetation layer is removed to a depth of an average of up to 100 mm, a site is planned and loose and sieved soil is laid in layers with a thickness of not more than 120 mm, compacting each layer. To increase the strength of the coating (add crushed stone, gravel or slag, pressing to a depth of 40... 60 mm.

The adobe floor is made in premises for keeping sheep (sheep, bashnaves, greenhouses, sheep cutting rooms), inventory, forage, stables, vegetable stores, as well as in forges and other industrial premises, where, in addition to static loads, impact loads from the fall of heavy objects are possible.

The upper vegetation layer containing organic inclusions is removed to a depth of 100 mm before the floor device. The coating for the adobe floor is made 150... 200 mm thick from a mixture of sand, clay and water, taken in certain weight ratios: sand with a size of more than 0.075 mm - 25... 40%, sand with a size of 0.075... 0.005 mm - 30... 60%, clay - 15... 30%. The compression strength of the dried adobe mixture must be at least 2 mPa. The adobe mixture is compacted in layers of not more than 100 mm until precipitation stops and moisture appears on its surface. The following layers are laid on the wetted surface of the underlying layer.

To prevent thawing (to stabilize), increase waterproofness and mechanical qualities of the floor, an adobe mixture is used, improved by a mixture of oily additives and crushed stone with a size of not more than 40 mm. Oily additives are added 2... 3%, crushed stone - 10... 40%. As oily additives, fuel oil, crackingostat, liquid oil bitumen, machine oil waste, etc. To increase the strength of the forge floor, metal sawdust, chips, scale or slag are introduced into its upper layer.

The adobe floor is impervious to liquid, not rigid, but has low strength.

The clay-crushed stone floor is arranged in the same way as the adobe floor on well-compacted soil. For the coating, an adobe mixture is used with the addition of 55... 65% crushed stone with a size of not more than 60 mm and a compression strength of not less than 7.5 Pa and pavers.

Soil concrete floor is arranged for compacted and moistened soil of base. Crushed stone or gravel with size of 40... 60 mm and strength of at least 20 mPa is pressed into the base from non-camenistic soils with rollers to a depth of at least 40 mm.

Floor coating up to 150 mm thick - from a compacted mixture of soil (sand, soup, dusty and light loam), cement and active additives (slaked lime). For the preparation of soil concrete, carbonate soils containing carbon dioxide calcium (loess, loess loam and sandy loam), 100-grade cement and lime are the most suitable. Per 1 m3 of soil concrete mixture, 0.83 m3 of soil, 130 kg of cement and 20 kg of slaked lime are required.

Lime-clay floors are among the warm monolithic floors. This floor consists of three layers. A layer of ceramsite concrete with a thickness of 80 mm is laid on compacted soil and a layer of crushed stone with a thickness of 120 mm. The introduction of lime sand into the expanded clay provides the necessary softness of the floor surface and improves its operational quality. Such floors are warm, durable, and their device in terms of labor intensity does not exceed ordinary concrete monolithic floors. Lime-clay floors are mainly used for machine tools in pig buildings and in calf rooms.

Concrete and cement sand floors. The physical and mechanical properties of concrete and cement sand floors are close to the properties of stone floors. These floors are waterproof, easy to clean, but tough and cold. Concrete of M 300 grade, which is laid with a layer of 120... 140 mm. The strength of crushed stone or gravel for concrete must be at least 80... 100 mPa. When exposed to an aggressive environment and for fire-fighting purposes, concrete is used on aggregate made of crushed stone and sand, prepared from limestone and other stone materials that do not form sparks during impacts with steel and stone objects. Surface of concrete coating is smoothed with metal irons using cement mortar of grade 200. The underlying layer with a thickness of 100... 160 mm is made of coarse or medium-grained compacted sand, filled with water and aligned under a rack.

Coating of cement sand floor - from cement sand mortar of grade 200 with average density of 1800 kg/m with thickness of 20 mm, and when exposed to aggressive medium - with thickness of 30 mm. The underlying layer is 100 mm thick of M 100 grade concrete. Crushed stone or gravel with size of 40... 60 mm and strength of at least 20 mPa is pressed into the base of the floor from non-camenistic materials by rollers to a depth of at least 40 mm.

Concrete or cement sand floor can be used in passages of livestock buildings, milking halls, rooms for sanitary treatment of cows, halls for cellular maintenance of birds. Cement sand floors are most often used in feed, inventory, animal feeding sites and other rooms where there is no traffic. In the pit and stern yards, concrete floors are mainly used. When such floors are arranged in pig machines, they are covered with wooden shields or insulation bedding.

Concrete and sand-cement floors are not warm enough, rough, which leads to rapid abrasion of animal hooves.

Asphalt concrete floor is made of hot stiff or plastic mixture of bitumen with mineral dust-like aggregates, sand, crushed stone or gravel with size not exceeding 20 mm. The asphalt mixture is heated in boilers, constantly mixing to obtain a uniform mass without lumps. The temperature of asphalt concrete of rigid consistency should be at the beginning of 130... 140 ° C and at the end of the 100 ° C seal; temperature of cast asphalt concrete mixture at the beginning of laying 160... 180 ° C and at the end of 140 ° C.

Depending on the amount of mechanical impacts, asphalt concrete is laid with a layer of 25... 50 mm, wherein the surface of the underlying layer is poured with liquid concrete and the surface of the coating is compacted with heavy rollers. In places inaccessible to compaction by mechanisms, cast asphalt concrete is used, compacted manually. Asphalt concrete mixtures are laid in the coating with strips (sections) not more than 2 m wide, limited by bars. The underlying layer with a thickness of 100 mm is made of concrete of grade M 100.

The asphalt concrete floor is strong, non-slip, soft, waterproof, easy to clean and has a relatively small coefficient of heat absorption.

Such a floor is used on pit sites, pot yards, open bases, as well as in production rooms with wet production processes.

In stalls, dens and boxes for cows, asphalt concrete floors are used in the southern regions of the country or with the device of the underlying layer of slag and insulated from above with bedding.

Prefabricated monolithic floors. In individual warehouses and production rooms, where the floor is subjected to significant mechanical effects and loads, cobbled stone floors are used. For the floor, a cobblestone or a stab stone 120... 200 mm with compression strength not less than 30 mPa. The shape of the stones should approach a straight prism or a regular pyramid with a quadrangular or polygonal base. The dimensions of stones on the face surface are taken equal to 100... 200 mm, and on the bed - at least 60% of the area of ​ ​ the face surface.

Stones are laid on the underlying layer of coarse or medium-grained sand, the thickness of which after compaction should be at least 60 mm; when laying stones, they are monitored for transportation in adjacent rows. The laid coating is first planted with mechanical ramming, crushed with gravel or crushed stone with a size of 10... 20 mm and then rolled with rollers weighing 50 kN to full draft. The finished cobblestone coating is filled with coarse sand, sowing or gravel with a size of up to 20 mm with a layer 10... 15 mm.

In the dry premises of agricultural buildings with brick floors, clinker bricks are usually used, laid on a sandy underlying layer about 200 mm thick with filling the seams with sand completely or only in the lower part, and in the upper - bitumen or tar mastic. Depending on the purpose of the rooms and the amount of loads on the floor, the brick is laid on a flame or an edge.

For the construction of coatings of abundantly wetted floors, for example in livestock buildings, when the soil base is to be protected from moisture ingress into it from the room, hole bricks of a grade not lower than 100, impregnated with hot bitumen or tar at full thickness, are used. The temperature of bitumen during impregnation should be 170... 200 ° С, and tar 130... 150 ° С.

Brick is laid in straight or diagonal rows "in a Christmas tree" on a layer of hot bitumen or tar mastic 2... 3 mm with observance of dressing of seams in adjacent rows of 13... 12 brick length. Between the bricks leave seams 3... 5 mm wide, which are poured with bitumen or tar. The underlying layer is made of coarse or medium-grained sand compacted with watering water and leveled under a rack, or a mixture of sand, clay and water. Possible addition of crushed stone or gravel.

Brick floors are used in the passages of livestock premises, in feed and storage buildings. It is possible to use brick floors in pig machines, provided that a wooden flooring is installed on at least half of the machines allocated for lying animals. Brick floors are not widely used due to the high labor intensity of the work, the relatively high cost and their low durability.

Floors from ceramic tiles are arranged according to concrete preparation of M 100 grade cement sand mortar of 200 grade. Ceramic tiles are used in different sizes, shapes and colors, square, with sides of 50, 100 and 150 mm and rectangular (50X100; 75X150 mm). Mesh (relief) tiles measuring 170x170x25 mm are also used.

Liquid glass, bitumen or tar mastic, which are laid according to concrete preparation, is used as interlayer in addition to cement sand mortar. The thickness of the grout and liquid glass interlayer shall be 10... 15 mm, made of hot bitumen and tar mastic 2... 3 mm, and from cold mastic - not more than 1 mm. The thickness of the seams between the tiles shall not exceed 2 mm. In recent years, floors of mosaic, concrete, cement sand and other tiles have been increasingly used. Floors made of ceramic tiles are low-system, waterproof and waterproof, but cold, slippery and cannot withstand impact loads. Such floors are used in incubation and hatching halls of hatcheries, washes, laboratories, in oil and cheese plants and in production rooms where water, acids, alkalis and oils act on the floors.

Ceramic concrete floor made of large-sized slabs, manufactured and completely finished at the factory. Ceramic concrete of grade 100, density 10001200 kg/m3 is used for slabs. When making slabs, cement crust is formed on vibration platforms, which makes it possible not to apply a cement-sand layer to the slabs.

Slabs are laid along the underlying layer with a thickness of 20... 30 mm from coarse or medium-grained sand compacted by watering with water and aligned under a rack. This floor is recommended for use in barn stalls and pig machines for experimental construction.

Ceramic-tooth floor made of ceramic-tooth tiles measuring 300X300X50 mm. Tiles are made from asbestos cement production wastes, fine fractions of expanded clay and blast furnace slags. The binder is bitumen BNIV.

Tiles are laid on a layer of cement sand mortar of grade 100, thickness 10... 15 mm along the underlying layer of stone or brick crushed stone, large-porous concrete or slag concrete grade M 100.

Ceramitobitum floor with insulation backfill is used in cow stalls and pig machines, in group sections for keeping calves, as well as in the aisles of rooms for keeping pigs and in their feeding places where there is no movement of vehicles.

Ceramsite concrete floor with polymer coating is made of two layers: upper - strong acid-resistant, consisting of a mixture of FA monomer, filler (ground ceramsite sand) and hardener (benzosulfonic acid), and lower - of 100 grade ceramsite concrete, density not more than 1200 kg/m3. Due to the insignificant thickness of the polymer layer (5 mm), its heat capacity almost does not affect the heat absorption coefficient of the low-heat conducting ceramic concrete layer. The floors can be made of 500X500X60 mm plates.

The underlying layer with a thickness of 100 mm is made of coarse or medium-grained sand. In wet soils, it is recommended that the underlying layer is made of large-porous (unpaved) concrete of grade M 50 with a device for bitumen waterproofing between ceramic concrete and underlying layers.

Heat absorption of the ceramic concrete floor with a polymer coating approaches the heat absorption of wooden floors, but the ceramic concrete floor is more hygienic and durable than them. The floor is checked in laboratories and production conditions; can be used without bedding in stalls, boxes, animal machines in experimental construction of livestock buildings.

Rubber-bitumen floor is used in rooms and resting places for cattle, pigs and horses.

The floor coating is made of rubber-bitumen slabs laid with the help of gluing mastic on the underlying layer with a thickness of 100 mm from concrete, aggloporite concrete, expanded clay and asphalt concrete of the brand not lower than M 100. The composition of the plates as the main raw material includes waste from the rubber industry, asbestos, etc. Plate size 1200x600x13 mm. Depending on the process equipment used, boards of different sizes may be produced.

Rubber-bitumen floor, as shown by the practice of operation, has biological resistance to the effects of aggressive environment in livestock premises. It is warm, dry, non-slip and non-stiff, even, easy to clean from manure. Its durability is higher than wooden, and the cost is lower. The mass use of such floors is constrained by the scarcity of materials and their relatively high cost.

Wooden plank floor. Plank floors on lags of the usual structure with an underground structure are unsuitable for livestock buildings due to the fact that liquid sewage penetrating into the underground stagnates and decomposes in it, in addition, such floors are susceptible to rotting, so in livestock buildings with plank floors they do not make underground. In this case, the flooring from the 37 mm thick boards is sewn with nails to the ground lags embedded in the 120 mm thick adobe preparation, or to the underlying layer of M 100 grade concrete, 80 mm thick. Lags of trapezoidal cross section 60... 70 mm wide and 100... 120 mm are laid at a distance of 1000... 1500 mm one from the other with a wide sawing down, and the gaps between them are filled with tightly pressed clay or concrete.

Board flooring, carefully antisepted, is laid on a layer of bituminous hot mastic with a thickness of 2... 3 mm so that it fits tightly to it without an air layer.

Wooden board floors are simple in the device, have low thermal conductivity and elasticity. The main disadvantage of their use for livestock buildings is that they, subjected to constant humidification, rot. In addition, the board flooring absorbs liquid sewage, is made slippery and is not hygienic.

Board floors are used in stalls and boxes for cows, in pig machines, sometimes in stalls for squares, group cages for calves, laboratories of artificial insemination points, as well as in warehouses.

The end floor is made of wooden blocks of rectangular or hexagonal shape, laid on adobe, gravel-crushed stone or concrete preparation so that wood fibers have a vertical direction. Wooden checkers are made of softwood or some hard hardwood, except for fir, birch, beech and oak. Rectangular checkers make 40... 100 mm, hexagonal - 120... 200 mm with their length 100... 260 mm and height 60... 80 mm.

To obtain a smooth floor surface, the checkers are laid on a dry (with a humidity of no more than 3%) sand layer or on a layer of bitumen or tar mastic with a thickness of 2... 3 mm. Rectangular checkers are placed in parallel rows, perpendicular to the direction of movement, with dressing of seams not less than by their length. Regardless of the material of the interlayer, the checkers are immersed in the hot mastic with all faces except the upper end and quickly laid close to one another. Sutures between checkers are filled with bitumen mastic. You cannot fill the entire floor surface with mastic when filling seams.

The end floor of wooden drafts has a small coefficient of heat absorption, elastic, silent, does not form dust, has low abrasion, but this floor is expensive and a lot of wood is consumed on it.

End floors are used in mechanical, assembly shops of machine and tractor repair shops, combine repair shops and other heated production rooms, where workers have to work standing during the shift.

Prefabricated floors. Prefabricated lattice floors are used in pig mumps when feeding pigs in machines - a continuous strip with a width of 1000 mm; when feeding in aft passages - in feeding places and when feeding in special rooms - throughout the entire area of ​ ​ these rooms and in passages to them; in cattle barns with a stall of animals - in the half of the stall adjacent to the manure passage, and in the passage itself; in cows for dairy cattle - in dung passages.

Prefabricated floors can be made of wooden, reinforced concrete, cast iron, ceramic, asbestos-ground grates, made of metal rolled stock and plastics, laid on brick or concrete walls of manure canals at the same level as the floor. Manure falls through the lumens in the grates underground, from where it is removed by mechanisms or hydraulic washing.

Wooden grids are assembled from separate strips, laying them one from the other at a certain distance on a binding. Planks are antisepted with bitumen, coal oil or its mixture with anthracene oil. Wooden grates are most affordable and cheap, but short-lived, even if antiseptic.

Reinforced concrete grids are made of M 400 concrete with reinforcement from hot-rolled steel of periodic profile and are coated with epoxy, polyester resin or a mixture of FA monomer and epoxy resin to protect against aggressive medium. The last (epoxy-furan) coating is the cheapest. Reinforced concrete grates also serve a relatively short period due to their insufficient chemical resistance.

Cast iron grates are better than wooden and reinforced concrete, but cost 2... 3 times more expensive than reinforced concrete and are made of scarce material - gray cast iron.

Asbestos concrete grids - consist of concrete grids lined on the sides with asbestos cement strips that perceive the forces on the grids and provide manure runoff into the channel. They are made in prefabricated wooden or metal form, in which inserts are installed in place of future gaps. Strips cut from asbestos cement sheets are laid between inserts. Holes are drilled at the ends of the strips, into which metal rods with a diameter of 6... 8 mm are inserted. The mold is filled with concrete with gravel or crushed stone fractions size up to 10 mm or cement sand mortar. To increase chemical resistance, the surface of the lattice is coated with a composition using epoxy and furan resins. Asbestos cement grates are easy, strong, have an openwork appearance and are more economical than reinforced concrete and cast iron.

Prefabricated floors can be made of ceramics, rolled metal and plastics.

The grating floor, especially the wooden floor, is sprinkled with a thin layer of sawdust so that it is not slippery. Sawdust also contributes to the heating of manure underground, drains it, which simplifies the harvesting of manure by the conveyor. Periodically, as the floor is contaminated, it is cleaned to prevent contamination of the lumens. The dimensions of the slats and the width of the slats in the grating floors shall be taken according to the process design standards of the relevant enterprises.

Floor Parts

In livestock and other agricultural buildings, trays and ramps are used to remove liquid excrement falling on the floor. In this case, the floors are made with a slope towards the flow of liquid, which is achieved by the corresponding layout of the ground of the base. Creation of slopes by thickening of the underlying layer is allowed at increase of its thickness not more than 40 mm. The direction of biases of a floor has to provide a drain of liquids to trays and ladders and not to cross passes. Floor slopes towards liquid runoff are accepted: for concrete, cement-sand, ceramic and mosaic floors - at least 0.02; earthen and adobe - not less than 0.03; for other types of floors - at least 0.015.

Soils of the floor base shall exclude the possibility of floor deformation. Where necessary, measures to strengthen soils, such as crushed stone compaction, are envisaged. If there are heaving soils in the base, where freezing of these soils is possible, it is necessary to arrange a heat insulation layer on the base or replace the heaving soil.

Deformation through vertical seams are arranged in concrete monolithic underlying layers of floors and coatings after 6... 8 m in mutually perpendicular directions in order to avoid cracking due to fluctuations in temperature or shrinkage of concrete. Seams are made by installation of boards wrapped with tolum or boards stringed and coated with hot bitumen. Boards are removed at the end of concrete setting, and seams are filled with bitumen compositions. Anchors and plugs are laid in concrete underlying layers for attachment of floor bordering parts or sockets are left for further sealing of these parts.

Deformation seams are not provided in floors with coating of piece materials laid on rigid underlying layer.

Joints in places of mutual abutment of floors of various types in order to protect against soaking and painting are covered with angles made of rolled steel, fixed to anchors made of bent strip steel. They place anchors in 500... 600 mm along the length of the bordering angles.

Enclosing walls of channels and pits arranged in floors for laying of communications, for example, water and heat line, are made of concrete or wooden binding with quarters for support of slabs or grates of coatings.

When the floor is heavily exposed to production fluids, plinths are usually made from the same materials as the floor coating at the floor abutments to the walls, columns and other structures of the building.

For arrangement of narrow-gauge rail tracks in production premises trenches are digged and sleepers are laid along sand base with interval of 1000 mm. Rails are laid so that they do not interfere with the movement of people and rail-less vehicles, so the rail heads are flush with the floor level. In places of abutment to rails of concrete floor it is framed with steel corners fixed with anchors. In order to avoid loosening, for passage, the rib of the wheels of transport carts along the rails, wooden bars and rails are laid on them.

Introduction

The designed building refers to production buildings.

Production buildings, as a rule, are built according to a frame scheme. As the main schemes of the frames of production buildings, rack-and-beam systems made of unified products are adopted. Frame and arched frames are also widespread for single-story buildings.

In production construction, three options for the construction of the structural framework of buildings are possible: reinforced concrete, steel and mixed. The variant of the frame is selected taking into account the parameters of spans, the type of equipment located inside the building, the degree of aggressiveness of the production environment, fire requirements, technical and economic indicators and other factors.

When choosing materials and type of building structures, the specifics of the local construction industry, geological and climatic conditions of the construction area and architectural and artistic requirements are taken into account.

Bearing structures of production buildings form a bearing frame designed for perception and transfer of active loads to the building base. Spatial rigidity in the longitudinal direction is provided by foundation beams, as well as cover and floor discs and bonds.

Reinforced concrete frames are arranged single-span and multi-span. Frames are rod structure, geometrical stability of which is provided by rigid joints of frame elements in units.

In agricultural buildings, three-spherical reinforced concrete frames with spans of 12.18 and 21 m were most widely used. The frames are assembled from two L-shaped semi-frames hinged to foundations and in a horse assembly. The pitch of the frame installation is 6 m. The post and the cross-bar of the half-frame have a variable rectangular section with a constant thickness of the half-frame of 180 mm. Thus, in a single-span building, the frame forms a statically detectable system.

Although the frame system requires a large consumption of materials, it provides more freedom and variability of the planning solution .

Design Input

1.1. Proposed construction site of Temryuk.

1.2. Construction area with seismicity of 7 points.

1.3. Design temperature of external tn air = 18 wasps.

humidity zone - dry

normative depth of soil freezing - 0.8 m

design temperature of internal tv air = 16C

building class II

degree of fire resistance II.

Description of the architectural and planning solution of the building

The shape of the building is rectangular.

Dimensions: along the axes 112-66 m.

along axes A-D -18 m.

The building is one-story.

The height of the entire building is 5.85 m.

The building will house a pig for idle and soup sows

Space-planning and structural solutions are made taking into account the requirements, norms and rules, sanitary standards, as well as the requirements of state industry standards at the time of design.

The development of the architectural and construction part of the working design was carried out on the basis of initial data.

Building Finishes:

Interior decoration - plaster and oil paint.

External finishing was made at the factory.

Space Explication

1 - Room for holding 85 suporosa and 50 conventionally suporosa sows - 381 m2

2 - Room for holding 85 suporosa and 50 conditionally suporosa sows - 370 m2

3 - Room for holding idle sows and cartilage-probes - 113 m2

4 - Room for holding idle sows and cartilage-probes - 109 m2

5 - Laboratory - 12 m2

6 - Washing - 12 m2

7 - Inventory - 7 m2

8 - Electrical panel - 7 m2

9 - Conveyor drive room - 16 m2

10 - Tambour - 16 m2

11 - Corridor - 51 m2

12 - Walking - 94 m2

13 - Walking - 356 m2

Architectural and civil structures

The frame of the building is reinforced concrete.

Foundations - glass type for each half-frame. Subshelters are solid reinforced concrete. The foundation is laid to a depth of 1.665 m.

The building building system is large-panel.

The frame used is a railway frame with a cross section of 180x400 mm. The height of the frame is 3.75 m.

Slab slabs are laid out in frames.

The roof is asbestos cement.

Floors: lime keramzite, ceramic, asbestosine bitumen.

Gates with built-in doors, for rail-free transport, bivalve, swing. The size of the gate is 3.0x3.6 m.

The internal doors are wooden, under oil paint.

Outer walls are made of two-layer panels 200 mm thick. Internal walls are made of brick.

Conclusion

Agricultural buildings, like other types of buildings, must meet to the maximum the functional, technical, economic and architectural and artistic requirements.

The requirement of functional feasibility of the design solution means maximum compliance of the building premises with the technological processes flowing in them. This requirement is provided by the composition and dimensions of the premises, corresponding parameters of the internal environment, technological and sanitary equipment .

Economic feasibility assumes minimum one-time costs and operating costs with full satisfaction of the remaining requirements.

The architectural expressiveness of agricultural buildings is achieved by matching the forms and volumes of the building with its purpose, using architectural means such as scale, proportions, rhythm and meter, balance and dynamics, color, etc.