Organization of construction production of a 5-storey residential building

Contents

Introduction

1. Design Task

2. Calculation of construction duration by interpolation method

3. COMPOSITION OF THE SCHEDULE (KP) OF THE FACILITY CONSTRUCTION

3.1 Compilation of list (nomenclature) of works

3.2 Determination of scope for each type of work

3.3 Selection of main work methods and leading machines and mechanisms

3.4 Determination of normative labour intensity of performed works (human hours/days, machine hours/shifts)

3.5 Determination of the composition of brigades and units

3.6 Identification of process sequence of works execution

3.7 Shift of works

3.8 Determination of duration of individual works and their combination; adjustment of the number of performers and shift

3.9 Construction of labour traffic schedule

3.10 Construction of mechanism movement schedule

3.11 Technical and economic indicators (TEP) of KP

4. DEVELOPMENT OF SITE CONSTRUCTION PLOT PLAN AND TEMPORARY DEVICES AT CONSTRUCTION SITE

4.1 Construction of the base of AGC

4.2 Selection and placement of installation cranes, determination of their paths, as well as determination of their influence zones

4.2.1 Selection of installation crane

4.2.2 Longitudinal snapping of crane tracks

4.2.3 Cross-reference of crane tracks

4.2.4 Crane impact zones

4.3 Roads

4.3.1 Parameters of temporary roads

4.3.2 Type and design of temporary roads

4.4 Design of acquired warehouses

4.4.1 Determination of stocks of basic building materials

4.4.2 Calculation of storage areas

4.4.3 Location of warehouses on the construction site

4.5 Temporary mobile (inventory) buildings

4.5.1 Determination of the total need for temporary buildings (premises)

4.6 Design of temporary power supply

4.7 Temporary Water Supply Design

4.8 Determination of technical and economic indicators (TEP) of the construction plan

4.9 Occupational Safety and Fire Safety Measures

List of literature used:

Introduction

The organization of construction means the system of measures; determining the number and arrangement of labor and material resources, as well as the procedure for their use and interaction during the entire construction period.

The purpose of the organization of construction and performance of works is to develop measures that ensure the construction and commissioning of the building in the design time frame, with high quality and minimum monetary, labor and material costs.

The construction of any facility is preceded by the establishment of the technical possibility and economic feasibility of its construction. These tasks are reflected in a special document called the "project."

A project is a system of formed goals of an engineering facility being created or any other industrial or civil object, presented in the form of:

• graphic materials (drawings) reflecting architectural planning, structural-layout and technological solutions of the future structure;

• calculation and explanatory notes justifying the technical possibility of its construction, reliability and safety of operation in a specific natural environment;

• The estimated economic part that determines the cost of construction and justifies the economic feasibility of the costs of financial, material, technical and labor resources.

The level of design solutions largely depends on the economic efficiency of the construction facility, the nature of its life cycle and the duration of operation, the cost of production, operating and labor conditions.

To achieve this goal, the following conditions must be met:

1. Implement an in-line construction organization that ensures high productivity, efficient use of mechanization tools, continuous and even consumption of resources. At the same time, all individual specialized flows are interconnected in terms of productivity and together represent a single integrated construction flow.

2. Improve the state of mechanization and automation of the main and auxiliary production processes.

3. Use specialized sets of machines of rational structure for individual construction works, in which the qualitative and quantitative composition of machines is determined not only by productivity, but also by the technical and economic indicators of their work.

4. Use the most advanced technological schemes for mechanized work in the construction of a highway. Detailed reference to the specific conditions of each construction site and mechanization means has a decisive effect on the quality, cost and pace of work.

5. Ensure quality of works, based on the territorial integrated system of work quality management, which includes:

instructions for quality checks; independent quality control regulations; methodology of application of administrative and financial sanctions for quality violation.

6. The organization of construction works should be aimed at the industrialization of construction, which creates favorable conditions for the integrated mechanization and automation of production processes, increasing labor productivity and reducing the time and cost of construction.

The project includes:

1) the construction schedule, including the preparatory period (terms and sequence of construction of main and auxiliary buildings and structures, allocation of construction stages);

2) construction general main construction period with location of permanent and temporary buildings and structures, sites and warehouses for temporary storage of structures, products, materials and equipment, places of installation of stationary cranes and ways of movement of heavy-duty cranes, utilities and construction site supply sources with water, electricity, communications, as well as network alignments with their connection points and the location of the placement marks.

As well as in the text part of the project:

- characteristics of the area at the location of the capital construction facility and construction conditions;

- description of the peculiarities of works in the conditions of the existing enterprise, in the locations of underground communications, power transmission and communication lines - for production facilities;

- substantiation of the adopted organizational and technological scheme, which determines the sequence of erection of buildings and structures, engineering and transport communications, ensuring compliance with the deadlines for construction completion established in the construction calendar plan (its stages);

- a list of types of construction and installation works, critical structures, sections of engineering and technical support networks to be inspected with the preparation of the corresponding acceptance certificates before the subsequent work and the installation of subsequent structures;

- process sequence of works during construction of capital construction facilities or their separate elements;

- substantiation of construction needs in personnel, main construction machines, mechanisms, vehicles, fuel and lubricants, as well as in electrical energy, steam, water, temporary buildings and structures;

- substantiation of sizes and equipment of sites for storage of materials, structures, equipment, enlarged modules and stands for their assembly. Solutions for displacement of heavy oversized equipment, enlarged modules and building structures;

- substantiation of accepted duration of construction of capital construction facility and its separate stages.

Design Task

Drawing up a schedule (hereinafter referred to as KP) for the construction of the facility under construction, which includes:

• preparation of a list and scope of works performed at the facility, determination of their technological sequence, as well as interconnection with each other during the construction of the facility;

• determination of labor costs in human resources and technology;

• determination of regulatory and estimated terms of construction of the facility;

• planning of labor movement;

• scheduling of mechanisms movement;

• determination of technical and economic indicators of CP.

Development of the construction master plan (hereinafter referred to as GWP) of the facility, which includes:

• selection and location of the installation tower crane on the rail run at the construction site;

• arrangement of temporary roads with organization of movement of equipment and human resources at the erected facility;

• determination of storage places of construction material;

• location of temporary buildings and structures to service construction needs;

• laying of temporary electricity, water supply and sewerage networks.

• Determination of technical and economic indicators of SGP.

3.1 Compilation of list (nomenclature) of works

The list of works is compiled according to the process sequence of works execution.

In order for the schedule to be concise and easy to read, you can combine and enlarge the work, provided that they have uniform units of measurement taken when calculating the volume of work or are included in the general complex of work .

The list of works for ease of compilation can be divided into several parts, which are then written in more detail. For example:

1. Zero cycle works - preparatory period, pit development, piling, pile structure or foundation slab arrangement.

2. Erection of the above-ground part - arrangement of monolithic columns and floors with erection of walls and partitions or erection of brick bearing walls and partitions, as well as erection of floors.

3. Sets windows and doors. Internal and external finishing works.

4. Plumbing and electrical works. Landscaping and landscaping.

5. Unaccounted for works .

When compiling construction KP, unaccounted work is convenient to use to adjust the movement of labor.

Definition of scope for each type of work

As a rule, the scope of work is determined by estimates and detailed documentation.

The scope of work shall be maintained in the units accepted in the Uniform Norms and Rates (UENiR) and in the regulatory documentation used in calculating the estimated cost of construction.

The calculation of the scope of work was made based on the parameters of the building received on assignment, as well as independently selected organizational and technological solutions and applied materials.

The installed CIW nomenclature and calculation of volumes by nomenclature are summarized in Table (Table 2)

Selection of main work methods and leading machines and mechanisms

Methods of work, machines and mechanisms are selected on the basis of building directories, modern construction and technical literature, ENiROV, etc.

Determination of normative labour intensity of performed works (hourly hours/days, machine hours/shifts)

In ENiR for the calculation of labor intensity, Nvr time standards and rates for the performance of various types of work are given. The time norm is indicated in the numerator, and the prices in the denominator. If the cost calculation is carried out for mechanisms, then the numerator indicates two parameters Hvr: workers Hvr -chel and mechanisms Hvr -mash (indicated in parentheses). The labor intensity in hours is equal to the product of the norm of time for the volume of work performed. To calculate the labor intensity in days or in shifts (number - day and mash - day, articles 4 and 5), it is necessary to divide the obtained value by 8 (the average standard number of working hours per day). It should be borne in mind that the time norm in the ENi R is given taking into account the work of one worker.

Calculation of normative labor intensity of performed works is shown in Table (Table 2)

Determination of the composition of brigades and links

The number of workers involved in construction works depends directly on the required number of workers serving this equipment. The composition of the brigade and its qualifications are determined when selecting mechanisms based on reference literature or passport data of equipment.

The number of workers and their qualifications are also selected according to the ENi R.

When performing work without the participation of mechanisms (manually), the number of workers per shift and crew composition is determined in accordance with the labor intensity and duration of work, i.e. based on the need to perform the scope of work for the required period .

Identification of process sequence of works execution

Refinement and correction of the sequence of certain types of work, as well as the number of workers, is done directly on the CP of the construction of the object, after the construction of its right linear part. This makes it possible, if necessary, to correctly divide the work according to terms and grips, indicate organizational and technological breaks, correctly distribute the movement of mechanisms and labor at the facility, as well as identify the need to work in one or two shifts.

Shift of works

When using the main machines (installation cranes, etc.), the work can be carried out in two shifts. Work without the use of machines, as a rule, should be carried out only in one shift, in daylight. If it is still necessary for the work to be carried out in two shifts, additional measures are provided to ensure work at night (spotlights, additional lighting, etc.).

All works in this course project are performed in one shift.

3.9 Construction of labour traffic schedule

The work usage schedule is built directly under the network model at the same time scale. The number of workers at the site at each time point is determined by summing up the number of all teams involved in the work that falls during the period under review, summing up the number of workers from top to bottom.

The initial version of the work usage schedule is built first in thin lines, and it is assumed that all work is carried out at an early date. Then, the acceptability of the initial version is checked according to the criteria of the continuity of the teams and the uniformity of the use of workers. The uniformity coefficient, as the ratio of the maximum number of workers to their average number should not exceed 1.5 (K = nmax/ncp < 1.5). The average number of workers at the same time is determined by dividing the area of ​ ​ the period of the schedule for the use of workers by the total duration of work (i.e. critical path).

If the conditions of continuity or uniformity of use of workers are not met by the schedule, then it is adjusted by changing the timing of non-critical work, within the limits of their time reserves (the time of non-critical work on the network schedule is shown by a bold line, and its used or unused time reserve is shown by a thin line).

Using time reserves may not always produce the desired result. In this case, sometimes it is necessary to reduce the maximum number of workers due to the increase in the duration of individual work performed during the period of the largest accumulation of workers at the facility, which leads to the need to recalculate the entire linear schedule. Ensuring the continuity of the work of the teams and eliminating individual "failures" on the schedule for the use of workers can be achieved also by transferring the workers vacated for some time to other (unaccounted for) work.

After the adjustment of the line schedule and the schedule for the use of workers, they are designed in fatty lines with the allocation of a critical path and washing the figure of the number of people at the facility .

3.10 Construction of mechanism movement schedule

Construction Machine Use Schedule - is done on the same scale as previous schedules, but in linear form. The operation of each machine is depicted by a section of the line, the length and location of which corresponds to the terms of use of this machine. The schedule for the use of construction machines on the sheet is located directly below the schedule for the use of workers.

3.11 Technical and economic indicators (TEP) of KP

The following TEP (Table 3) are displayed on the calendar schedule sheet:

- standard duration of construction of the facility, in days (Appendix 3 or SNiP RK 1.04.032008 Part II);

- duration of construction according to schedule, in days;

- labor-intensive construction of the facility, per day;

is the uniformity of use of workers.

Development of object construction plot plan (sgp) and temporary devices at the construction site

The main purpose of the development of the object SGP is to display all machines and mechanisms, buildings and structures, temporary roads, material storage places, water supply and power supply schemes, etc., which will be involved in the process of all construction of a particular facility, as well as display of the measures taken for health and safety .

The object SGP shall have detailed and exhaustive data required for implementation in kind.

4.1 Construction of the base of AGC

The graphical part of the object GWP is usually done on the same scale as the 1:500, 1:200, 1:100, and 1:50 plot plan.

The development of SGP begins with the application of the AI format to the sheet of existing (if any) permanent buildings and structures at the time of construction. Then the designed object, contours of permanent roads and sites are applied. The SGP is placed on the sheet so that 200250 mm remains on the right for explication and at the bottom not less than 100 mm for various explanations and placement of technical and economic readings of the PPR

4.5 Temporary mobile (inventory) buildings

According to the design solution, construction and operation methods, temporary buildings are divided into non-inventory, constructed on a one-time basis, and inventory (mobile),

that is, designed for multiple relocation and use on different objects. Construction of non-inventory buildings, as a rule, is not economically justified and can be allowed only as an exception. It is advisable to use existing buildings to be demolished and premises in buildings under construction as temporary buildings and structures.

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