Improvement of kindergarten for 280 places

Contents

1. Source Data

2. Land Area Calculation

3. Transport and pedestrian network

4. Composite solution

5. Engineering Communications

6. Small architectural forms

7. Gardening

List of used literature

1. Source Data

In this course project, it is necessary to improve the territory of the kindergarten for 280 places.

The building has two floors, six entrances.

The terrain of the proposed place of improvement is calm.

Children's playgrounds are located near the nursery - garden.

The following must be done in this course project:

Define the boundaries of the lot, place the boundaries of the building on it.

Transport links must be located on one or two sides of the land plot.

Develop transport and pedestrian links inside the land plot, providing for the placement of fire-fighting passages and parking spaces for cars.

Place small architectural shapes and portable products.

Make a list of small architectural forms and portable products, a list of driveways, sidewalks, paths and platforms, make sections, sections and assemblies of driveways, sidewalks and paths, a fragment of paving with paving tiles, sections of elements .

Develop a landscaping plan

Transport and pedestrian network

The transport network shall ensure speed, comfort and safety of movement between functional zones of the section.

During the construction of intra-quarter passages, sidewalks, footpaths and sites, the requirements of the head of the SNiP "Highways" must be complied with.

By purpose and design speeds, streets and roads are divided into the following categories:

Main streets and roads of citywide importance;

Main streets of district significance;

Streets and roads of local importance.

The transport network should be linked to a developed system of pedestrian spaces.

When designing a transport network of microdistricts, the main condition is to ensure the life of the population and maintain the highest possible level of comfort.

When designing driveways, the possible traffic intensity is taken into account, which depends on the population, the level of motorization, the capacity of cultural facilities, etc.

Driveways are designed in such a way as to exclude transport passage and high speed of movement.

Fire passages from 3.5 to 6 m wide should be provided for all buildings of the microdistrict: on the one hand for residential buildings below 9 floors; on both sides - with buildings of large storeys.

The layout of the driveways should provide the possibility of mechanized cleaning.

The width of streets and roads is determined by calculation depending on the intensity of traffic and pedestrians, the composition of elements placed within the transverse profile (carriageways, technical lanes for laying underground communications, sidewalks, green spaces, etc.), taking into account sanitary and hygienic requirements and requirements of civil defense.

The width of the pedestrian part of sidewalks and walkways does not include the areas necessary for the placement of kiosks, benches, etc.

The distance from the edge of the main carriageway of streets, local or side driveways to the building line should be taken no more than 25 m. If this distance is exceeded, a strip 6 m wide for fire engines is provided at a distance not closer than 5 m from the building site.

Radii of roundabouts of streets and roads along the edge of sidewalks and dividing strips should be taken at least, m:

for main streets and regulated traffic roads 8m;

local value of 5 m;

on transport areas of 35m;

in cramped conditions and during reconstruction, the radius of rounding of main streets and roads is allowed to be reduced to 6 m, and on transport areas - to 8 m.

In the absence of a curb fence and in the case of a minimum curb, the width of the carriageway should be increased by 1 m for each lane due to the side dividers.

In this course project, we need to develop transport and pedestrian connections inside the land, providing for the placement of fire passages and parking spaces for cars.

When designing footpaths and sidewalks, we take into account the most expedient directions of traffic, pedestrian flows and their rational organization.

For convenient passage of pedestrians through the territory of the administrative building, we provide for the construction of sidewalks.

We place them along the walls of the administrative building, as well as towards the exits from the territory of the administrative building and to the parking lot and places of public recreation of people. The width of the sidewalk is assumed to be 0.8 m.

An important element of the improvement of the territory is artificial pavements (clothes) of roads, streets, sidewalks, footpaths and various sites. Artificial coatings shall have sufficient strength to ensure their stability under dynamic and static load at different seasons depending on their purpose.

Types of pavements are chosen depending on the conditions of their application by types of loads, promising traffic intensity, composition of traffic flows, categories of streets and roads, availability of local materials and other factors.

Coatings must be durable and stable, easy to move on, durable, sanitary and hygienic and cost-effective. Their complexity usually accounts for a significant part of the cost of landscaping.

Sidewalks in the kindergarten are made of asphalt concrete. The thickness of asphalt concrete surfaces on the sidewalks is taken to be 3 cm. Under the asphalt concrete surface we arrange a crushed stone base made of strong rock.

Between the base and the earth web we place the underlying layer of filter material - sand. The thickness of the underlying layer is taken to be equal to half the thickness of the layer intended for the roadway 15 cm the thickness of the underlying layer = 7.5 cm.

The boundaries of the administrative building are adjoined by inter-court driveways with parking lots. The road clothes of these driveways are made of asphalt concrete. These road garments are most common in cities, which is explained by a number of their advantages: a flat surface, which provides it with favorable conditions for the movement of vehicles and the rapid flow of surface water, the ease of cleaning coatings from dust, dirt and snow, as well as relatively high water resistance and hygienic qualities of coatings, the possibility of complete mechanization of road construction work and the simplicity of repair and restoration work.

The process of constructing the roadbed should be organized, as a rule, without breaks.

Excavation shall be performed in accordance with SNiP 3.01.3084.

Work on the arrangement of drains and laying of various communications in the base of the roadway should be carried out before the construction of embankments. The surface of the base of the embankment shall be completely free from stones and comas, the diameter of which exceeds 2/3 of the thickness of the arranged layer, as well as from foreign objects.

Order of asphalt concrete pavements:

Preparation of asphalt concrete mixtures; hot and warm;

Transportation, transshipment works for maintenance of asphalt-concrete mixing plant;

Removal of the finished mixture to the place of laying on the road;

Subgrunting of the base;

Laying of road clothing mixture;

Compaction of asphalt concrete pavement.

To separate sidewalks and footpaths from lawns, we use concrete side stones with a section of 200x80 mm.

Side stones shall have high strength and stability. Installation of boards is carried out on a concrete base.

The pavement along the perimeter of the building must be tightly adjacent to the base of the building. The paving slope shall be not less than 1% and not more than 10%.

Composite solution

The compositional decision was made taking into account that all areas around the kindergarten - the nursery were isolated from each other.

On the territory of the kindergarten - nursery are located:

Zone for children to play. Includes areas on which sandboxes, arbors, benches, etc. are located.

Yard area.

The territory of the kindergarten is located far from the industrial zone of the city, as well as from the main streets.

Engineering Communications

Engineering support of the modern city is a complex system of engineering communications, structures and auxiliary devices. Engineering communications are underground, above-ground and ground.

Underground engineering networks are the most important element of engineering support for cities, towns, rural settlements, which means a set of water supply, sewerage, electricity, gas and heat supply systems designed to ensure the functioning and further development of the city.

The modern improvement of cities and other populated areas is associated with a significant amount of work on the construction of underground engineering structures, which poses certain requirements for the methods of work on their laying.

There are several ways or methods of laying of underground networks: laying of underground networks separately in independent trenches; laying of underground networks is combined in a common trench; laying of underground networks is combined in passing and semi-passing headers and channels, laying of underground networks in non-passing channels.

In this course design, we provide for the laying of utility networks using a combined method.

This method of laying networks is technologically and economically more rational and progressive than the separate method. The combined laying of underground networks leads to a decrease in the volume of earthworks and a decrease in the cost of construction.

Engineering networks should be placed under lawns and footpaths. Also, a system for the removal of meltwater, rain and other surface waters by the underground method, a drain width of 60 cm, a depth of 80 cm were designed. Combined with the city drainage system.

Small architectural forms

As an important element of urban improvement, small architectural forms and lighting with their skillful use make it possible to significantly enrich the architectural and aesthetic appearance of the city, even with relatively limited opportunities for modern typical buildings.

Small architectural forms, perhaps more than other elements of improvement, should correspond to their environment - the architecture of residential, public and industrial buildings, the nature of green spaces, the scale of water spaces, the drawing of artificial coatings, etc.

Small architectural forms usually mean small artificial structures and devices, as well as natural objects used to organize open spaces.

Benches have become ubiquitous as a small architectural form. It is intended for short rest and is usually arranged among green spaces. For a short rest on pedestrian paths, benches without backs are arranged, for a longer rest - garden sofas - benches with backs or swinging benches.

The project provides for the construction of metal benches on the territory of children's playgrounds. We also provide for the placement of wooden arbors on the territory of playgrounds, to protect children from rain and snow.

Near each porch we arrange metal urns, we also place them along the perimeter of the site.

On the specially designated territory of the kindergarten - nursery section, we arrange a platform on which we place swings and turnstiles designed for preschool children. To protect the swings from corrosion and give them decorative properties, they are covered with oil paints.

On the territory of the playgrounds, children arrange sandboxes fenced with curb stone. In sandboxes we install metal "fungi" for the architectural perception of the entire territory of the kindergarten. We place the same "fungi" along the perimeter of the entire courtyard space.

The location of small architectural forms is indicated on the breakdown drawing, and their list and the required number in the lists of small architectural forms and portable products.

Lights of the following types:

2.12 m high for lighting footpaths and entrance to the administrative building;

1.22 m high for lighting benches.

7. Gardening

Green spaces are one of the most important elements of urban improvement. The environment, especially in the city, has a significant human impact, so landscaping of urban areas is important in the system of various measures to preserve and improve the environment.

Green spaces have many positive properties: absorbing carbon dioxide, enriching the air with oxygen; release volatile microbes; serve as a means of protection against dust, atmospheric air pollution by industrial waste; under certain conditions they protect against noise.

A significant role is played by green spaces in the formation of the architectural and artistic appearance of the city.

Landscaped areas in the city and beyond, depending on the purpose, size and location in terms of the city and suburban zone, belong to various categories of urban spaces, which together form a system of green spaces. Urban green spaces, depending on the nature of use and location in the city plan, are divided into public and restricted spaces and special-purpose spaces.

Landscaping of kindergartens and nurseries is limited use.

In this course project, it is necessary to develop a landscaping plan (dendroplan).

Work on the preparation of the territory should begin with the marking of places for the collection and mining of plant soil, as well as plant transplantation sites, which will be used for landscaping the territory.

The suitability of plant soil for landscaping must be established by laboratory analyses.

The improvement of the mechanical composition of the plant soil should be carried out by the addition of additives (sand, lime, peat, etc.) when the plant pound is spread out by mixing the pound and additives two to three times.

The planting of green spaces according to this project is carried out in the form of flower beds, planting some types of trees, as well as sowing lawns with grass.

Planting material for landscaping of the territory should be purchased only in specialized nurseries or with their assistance, have a grade and quarantine certificate and be labeled.

Landscaping work should be carried out only after spreading the vegetable pound, the installation of driveways, sidewalks, paths, platforms and fences.

Perennial and annual plants are used to arrange flower beds.

For landscaping of kindergarten - nursery, tree planting is provided:

maple - 7 pcs.

linden - 7 pcs.

prickly spruce - 21 pcs.

birch - 4 pcs.

Japanese spirit - 34m

Oriental spirea - 22m

chokeberry - 200m

It is also envisaged to sow areas free from planting trees and flowers with frost-resistant lawn grass.

The preparation of tree planting sites should be done in advance so that the planting sites may be exposed to atmospheric and solar radiation for possibly longer.

Pits for planting standard seedlings and seedlings with a coma should have a depth of 7580 cm, for seedlings with a rod root system - 80-100 cm. Standard seedlings should be planted in pits with a diameter of 6080 cm.

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