Nursery-kindergarten in 280 places. Comprehensive engineering improvement

Contents

1. Source Data

2. Land Area Calculation

3. Transport and pedestrian network

4. Composite solution

5. Engineering Communications

6. Small architectural forms

7. Gardening

8. List of used literature

1 Initial data

In this course project, it is necessary to improve the territory of the kindergarten for 280 places.

The building in the plan has a complex configuration, the size of the building in the axes is 44.5x44.5 m. The building has two floors, four exits: one of which is the main, the second for technical needs, and the remaining two are firefighters.

Kindergarten-kindergarten is designed for 280 places. 10 groups, 28 people in the group. Of these, 2 groups are for nursery age, 2 groups are preparatory and 6 groups are basic.

The terrain of the proposed place of improvement is calm.

Near the nursery-garden there are residential multi-storey buildings, car parks, children's playgrounds. Behind residential high-rise buildings is the roadway.

The following must be done in this course project:

1. Designate the boundaries of the plot of land, place the contours of the building on it;

2. Transport links must be located on one or both sides of the land plot;

3. Develop transport and pedestrian links inside the land plot, providing for the placement of fire-fighting passages and parking spaces for cars;

4. Place small architectural shapes and portable products;

5. Draw up a list of small architectural forms and portable products, a list of driveways, sidewalks, paths and sites; make sections, sections and assemblies of driveways, sidewalks and paths, a fragment of paving with paving slab, sections of geoplastics elements;

6. Develop a landscaping plan (dendroplan).

2 Calculation of land area

According to SNiP 2.07.0189 "Urban planning. Planning and development of urban and rural settlements, "for a children's yaslisad, designed for 280 places, the area of ​ ​ the plot is taken at a rate of 35 m2 per place.

The radius of service for the population with kindergartens in cities is 300 m, in rural settlements and in small areas - 500 m.

A 280-seat nursery requires an area of ​ ​ land:

S = 35x280 = 9800 m2 = 0.98 ha.

Group area for children of nursery age:

S = 7.5x50 = 375 m2..

Parking area:

S = 21x20 = 420 m2..

4 Composite solution

The compositional decision was made taking into account that all areas around the kindergarten were isolated from each other:

On the territory of the kindergarten there are:

1. Zone for children to play. Includes fence-fenced areas on which sandboxes, arbors, benches, etc. are located.

2. Storage area. It is a platform located on the side of the technical exit from the territory of the kindergarten, on it there are storage and utility rooms for placing various utensils and equipment.

3. Yard area.

The territory of the kindergarten is located away from the industrial zone of the city, as well as from the main streets.

6 Small Architectural Forms

As an important element of urban improvement, small architectural forms and lighting with their skillful use make it possible to significantly enrich the architectural and aesthetic appearance of the city, even with relatively limited opportunities for modern typical buildings.

Small architectural forms, perhaps more than other elements of improvement, should correspond to their environment - the architecture of residential, public and industrial buildings, the nature of green spaces, the scale of water spaces, the drawing of artificial coatings, etc.

Small architectural forms usually mean small artificial structures and devices, as well as natural objects used to organize open spaces.

Benches have become ubiquitous as a small architectural form. It is intended for short rest and is usually arranged among green spaces. For a short rest on pedestrian paths, benches without backs are arranged, for a longer rest - garden sofas - benches with backs or swinging benches.

The project provides for the construction of metal benches on the territory of children's playgrounds. We also provide for the placement of wooden arbors in the territories of playgrounds, to protect children from rain and snow.

Near each porch we arrange metal urns, we also place them along the perimeter of the site.

On the specially designated territory of the kindergarten site, we arrange a platform on which we place swings and turnstiles designed for preschool children. To protect the swings from corrosion and give them decorative properties, they are covered with oil paints.

To create a more childish environment on the territory of the kindergarten, we place wooden figures of fairy-tale heroes, which allows not only to revive the improvement of the site, but also helps to strengthen children's interest in cartoon characters and fairy tales.

On the territories of playgrounds, children arrange sandboxes fenced with curb stone. In sandboxes we install metal "fungi" for the architectural perception of the entire territory of the kindergarten. We place the same "fungi" along the perimeter of the entire courtyard space.

The location of small architectural forms is indicated on the breakdown drawing, and their list and the required number are indicated in the lists of small architectural forms and portable products.

Lights of the following types:

- 2.12 m high for lighting footpaths and entrance to the kindergarten;

- 1.22 m high for lighting benches.

7 Landscaping

Green spaces are one of the most important elements of urban improvement. The environment, especially in the city, has a significant human impact, so landscaping of urban areas is important in the system of various measures to preserve and improve the environment.

Green spaces have many positive properties: absorbing carbon dioxide, enriching the air with oxygen; release volatile microbes; serve as a means of protection against dust, atmospheric air pollution by industrial waste; under certain conditions they protect against noise.

A significant role is played by green spaces in the formation of the architectural and artistic appearance of the city.

Landscaped areas in the city and beyond, depending on the purpose, size and location in terms of the city and suburban zone, belong to various categories of urban spaces, which together form a system of green spaces. Urban green spaces, depending on the nature of use and location in the city plan, are divided into public and restricted spaces and special-purpose spaces.

Landscaping of kindergartens and nurseries is limited use.

In this course project, it is necessary to develop a landscaping plan (dendroplan).

Work on the preparation of the territory should begin with the marking of places for the collection and mining of plant soil, as well as plant transplantation sites, which will be used for landscaping the territory.

The suitability of plant soil for landscaping must be established by laboratory analyses.

Improvement of mechanical composition of vegetal soil should be carried out by addition of additives (sand. Lime, peat, etc.) when spreading plant soil by mixing the soil and additives two to three times.

The planting of green spaces according to this project is carried out in the form of flower beds, planting some types of trees, as well as sowing lawns with grass.

Planting material for landscaping of the territory should be purchased only in specialized nurseries or with their assistance, have a grade and quarantine certificate and be labeled.

Landscaping works should be carried out only after spreading of plant soil, installation of driveways, sidewalks, paths, platforms and fences.

Perennial and annual plants are used to arrange flower beds.

Annual flower crops used for planting:

- velvets,

- viola,

- curb curb,

- astra,

- dwarf cloves, etc.

Perennial bulb plants:

- lily,

- tulip,

- hyacinth,

- gladiolus, etc.

For the landscaping of the nursery-kindergarten, tree planting is provided:

- spruce,

- birch,

- maple,

- ripples.

It is also envisaged to sow areas free from planting trees and flowers with frost-resistant lawn grass.

The preparation of tree planting sites should be done in advance so that the planting sites may be exposed to atmospheric and solar radiation for possibly longer.

Pits for planting standard seedlings and seedlings with a coma should have a depth of 7580 cm, for seedlings with a rod root system - 80100 cm. Standard seedlings should be planted in pits with a diameter of 6080 cm.

Pits for perennial flower plants should have a depth and diameter of 40 cm.

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