Gas supply of the city with the design of a quarterly boiler house in Zheleznogorsk

Introduction

Improvement and automation of technological processes leads to the need to improve the quality of consumable heat carriers. Natural gas meets these requirements most than other fuels.

The rational use of gaseous fuel with the greatest realization of its technical advantages allows to obtain a significant economic effect, which is associated with an increase in the efficiency of the units and a decrease in fuel consumption. The use of natural gas as a fuel makes it possible to significantly improve the living conditions of the population, increase the sanitary and hygienic level of production and improve the air pool in cities and industrial centers.

Natural gas supply to cities and settlements aims to:

- Improvement of living conditions of the population;

- replacement of more expensive solid, liquid fuel or electricity in thermal processes at industrial enterprises, thermal power plants, municipal enterprises, medical institutions, public catering enterprises, etc.;

- improvement of the ecological situation in cities and settlements, since natural gas during combustion practically does not emit harmful gases into the atmosphere.

Natural gas is supplied to cities and towns through main gas pipelines starting from gas production sites (gas fields) and ending at gas distribution stations (GRS) located near cities and towns.

To supply gas to all consumers, a gas distribution network is being built in the cities, gas control points or installations (GRP and GRU) are being equipped, control points and other equipment necessary for the operation of gas pipelines are being built.

On the territory of cities and villages, gas pipelines are laid only underground.

On the territory of industrial enterprises and thermal power plants, gas pipelines are laid above the ground on separate supports, on overpasses, as well as on the walls and roofs of production buildings.

Gas pipelines shall be laid in accordance with SNiP requirements.

Natural gas is used by the population for burning in household gas appliances: stoves, water gas heaters, in heating boilers.

At public utilities, gas is used to obtain hot water and steam, baking bread, cooking in canteens and restaurants, and heating rooms.

In medical institutions, natural gas is used for sanitary treatment, preparation of hot water, for cooking.

At industrial enterprises, gas is burned primarily in boilers and industrial furnaces. It is also used in technological processes for heat treatment of products manufactured by the enterprise.

In agriculture, natural gas is used to prepare feed for animals, to heat agricultural buildings, and in production workshops.

When designing gas networks of cities and towns, the following issues have to be solved:

- determination of all gas consumers in the gasified area;

- determination of gas flow rate for each consumer;

- determination of places of distribution gas pipelines laying;

- determination of diameters of all gas pipelines;

- selection of equipment for all GRP and GRU and determination of their location;

- selection of shutoff valves (latches, cranes, gates);

- determination of places of installation of control tubes and electrodes for monitoring the state of gas pipelines, their operation time;

- development of methods for laying gas pipelines at their intersection with other communications (roads, heating trails, rivers, ravines, etc.);

- determination of estimated cost of medium pressure gas pipeline construction;

- development of measures for safe operation of gas pipelines.

The volume of resolved questions from the listed list is determined by the assignment for the diploma project.

The initial data for gas supply network design are:

- composition and characteristics of natural gas or gas field;

- climatic characteristics of the construction area;

- development plan of the settlement;

- information on the coverage of gas supply to the population;

- characteristics of heat supply sources of the population and industrial enterprises;

- population of the city or population density per hectare;

- storey of residential neighborhoods.

1.1 Boiler house construction technology

The designed boiler room provides a single architectural and composite solution of all buildings and structures, simplicity and expressiveness of facades and interiors, as well as the use of economical structures and finishing materials.

Boiler buildings are designed with spans of the same direction. The dimensions of the floor span are taken to be 1.5 m multiple. The height of the built-in entresoles or platforms for equipment is accepted according to technological requirements and is assigned to 0.3 m multiple. To ensure the possibility of large-block installation of equipment in the walls and floors of boiler buildings, installation openings are provided.

Internal surfaces of enclosing structures of fuel supply and dust preparation rooms with painted moisture-resistant paints in light tones. The existing projections are made with slopes at an angle of 60 ° to the horizon and are painted with moisture-resistant paints.

In boiler rooms with obvious excess heat, the heat transfer resistance of external enclosing structures is not normalized, with the exception of enclosing structures of the zone with permanent stay of workers (to a height of 2.4 m from the level of the working site).

Window bindings above the specified level are designed with single glazing. The area and placement of window openings in the external walls is determined based on the condition of natural illumination, as well as taking into account the requirements of aeration, to provide the necessary area of ​ ​ opening openings. The coefficient of natural illumination at lateral illumination in boiler buildings and structures is taken equal to 0.5, except for automation boards, for which this coefficient is taken equal to 1.5.

The coefficient of natural illumination of the rooms of separate water treatment plants is adopted in accordance with the construction codes and rules for the design of external water supply networks and structures. Permissible sound pressure levels and sound levels at permanent workplaces and at control and control boards are accepted in accordance with Sanitary Standards for Design of Industrial Enterprises.

The boiler room provides for easy-throwing enclosing structures at a rate of 0.03 m2 per 1 m3 of the volume of the room in which the boilers are located. The selection of building and boiler room armaments bearing in the enclosing structures is made in accordance with the Technical Rules for the economical consumption of basic construction materials.

The facades of boiler buildings are painted with silicate, perchlorovinyl and other resistant paints. The structures of channels, floors and foundations for equipment are designed for loads from the movement of equipment from the installation openings to the place of its installation and provide the possibility of lifting mechanisms passing.

Process equipment with static and dynamic loads that do not cause stresses in the underlying concrete layer of the floor that exceed the stress from the effects of installation and transport loads is installed without foundations.

1.2 Technical Instructions for Installation of Pile Foundation

The relative elevation 0.000 is the elevation of the clean floor of the designed boiler house. Grade of concrete of piles in terms of frost resistance F = 75, in terms of waterproofness W2.

The pile base was designed according to engineering and geological studies of the construction site carried out in August 1986 by the Department of Engineering Geology. The base of the piles is sand. Underground water is opened at a depth of 3.05 - 4.20 m. Absolute elevations of the level of underground water vary from 150.70 to 151.05 m. There is no Verkhovodka. Water-containing soils are all opened lithological differences. The water stop will not be opened. The amplitude of the oscillation reaches 1.0-1.5 m relative to the one recorded at the time of the survey.

The project provides for driven reinforced concrete piles with a section of 300 × 300 mm from concrete B15. The design load on the pile is 30 tons. Before the start of the piling work, permission was received for services requiring underground communications. During diving, the pile must be in the vertical position, which is checked by the plumb. The design provides for rigid coupling of the designed piles with the pile pile. Length of reinforcement outlets after pile heads cutting shall be not less than 250 mm. Pile cap arrangement is allowed only after pile field acceptance. Bearing capacity of pile for determination of failure in accordance with item 5 of Annex 5 of SNiP 3.02.01 - 87 Fd = 45T.

Design failures are accepted for diesel - hammer С - 996 with impact part weighing 18.0 KN at free fall height Hnog = 2.50 m and thickness of wooden gaskets on the pile head 100mm. According to the degree of frosty puffiness, loam refers to highly pristine soils, sand to weakly pristine soils (manual to SNiP 2.02.0183).

Works on the construction of pile foundations are carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.02.0187 "Earth structures, bases and foundations," SNiP 3.03.0187 "Load-bearing and enclosing structures."

According to chemical analysis, groundwater is hydrocarbonate - chloride, calcium - magnesium, not aggressive in relation to any brands of concrete, weakly aggressive to reinforced concrete structures and medium aggressive to metal structures SNiP 2.03.1185. Loam and sand do not have aggressive to any brands of concrete, regardless of waterproofness and to reinforced concrete structures SNiP 2.03.1185.

Backfilling and backfilling for floors shall be performed in layers of 200 mm with clay soil with provision of its compaction coefficient not less than 0.92. Up to elevation 0.3, the base is made of ceramic brick K100/100/35 GOST 53095 on cement sand mortar M 50.

The masonry face surface is made of selected silicate brick sur 100/25 GOST 37995 for stitching. Backfills and backfills for floors are performed in layers of 200 mm clay soil with provision of its compaction coefficient not less than 0.92.

Windows are accepted according to GOST 1250681 with a size of 1170 x 1790 m (height x width). All carpentry (windows, doors) are painted with PF115 enamel GOST 646576 * light tones.

Concrete blocks are mounted on cement sand mortar of grade 50 with complete filling of seams and dressing of vertical seams in adjacent rows by a value equal to the height of the block.

Horizontal waterproofing at elevation 0.65 is carried out from cement mortar of composition 1:2 with thickness of 20 mm with hydrophobic additives (cement M400), at elevation 0.05 of two layers of waterproofing on bitumen mastic on surface equalized with cement mortar.

Local closures between blocks and holes after installation of utility pipes are made of concrete. IN 7.5; F50.

The floors in the boiler room are made after laying of VK pipes and pipe wiring of power supply. The floor is made in layers: first, a layer of concrete with a thickness of 50 mm is laid (in places of reinforced concrete preparation 100 mm), and after laying pipes, a second layer with a thickness of 100 mm. Soil of the base for floors is compacted in layers with provision of compaction coefficient not less than 0.92.

Welding works are performed in accordance with GOST 526480 "Manual arc welding. Welded joints. Main types, structural elements and dimensions "with E42A electrodes according to GOST 946675 hsh = 4 mm, lsh along the length of element coupling.

Metal elements are painted with PF115 enamel GOST 646576 * according to primer GF021 GOST 2512982 *. The elevation of the bottom of the coating plates at elevation 6.9. Install plates on M200 solution

1.3 Roof structure

The roofing of welded roll materials shall be arranged in accordance with the pre-developed fire protection and fire safety control measures during construction and installation works, as well as in accordance with SNiP 3.04.0187 "Insulation and finishing coatings" and "Guidelines for the use in roofing of welded roll materials" bitulin HP I 170 "I and" Bitulin 50. "

Roofing works are performed by specialized teams under the technical supervision and supervision of engineering and technical workers. The roof can be installed at ambient air temperature up to 20˚ С and in the absence of snowfall, ice and snow.

The following shall be performed and accepted prior to the commencement of insulation works:

- all construction and installation works in isolated areas, including grouting of seams between prefabricated plates, installation and fixation of branch pipes and cups for passage of engineering equipment, unsepted wooden bars for fixation of insulation layers and protective aprons;

- base for roof on all surfaces, including cornice sections of roofs and places of adjoining structural elements protruding above the roof. The contact of roofing materials with solvents, oil, oil, animal fats is not allowed.

If the materials have been exposed to a long-term temperature below 15 ° C, then before use they must be kept for four hours at a temperature of 15˚ С to 25˚ С.

The base for the roof is a cement sand brace from M100 mortar. Temperature shrinkage seams with a width of 510 mm are arranged in the brace, dividing the brace into sections of not more than 6x6 m.

Put 150200 mm wide strips of "HP I 170 bitulin" with coarse-grained sprinkling down on the seams and glue them pointwise on one side of the seam.

In places of roofing adjoining walls and other structural elements, transition sides are made at an angle of 45˚ with height of not less than 100 mm from cement sand mortar. The walls in these places should be plastered with solutions M 50.

After laying the brace, it must be primed with a composition of grade V bitumen and kerosene prepared in a ratio of 1:3 (by weight). The primer is applied either with a sprayer or with brushes. Primer consumption is 0.30.5 kg/m2. Before applying the insulation layers, the base must be dry and not dusty.

1.4 Insulation layers

Roofing carpet is made of two layers of built-up ruberoids:

- top layer of "Bitulin HP I 170" roll material with polyester fiber base.

- bottom layer of "bitulin glass I 50."

In places of height differences of roofs, abutments to parapets, walls and others, additional layers of "HP I 170 bitulin" with coarse-grained sprinkling are needed. Endova is reinforced by a width of 500750 mm (from the bend line) by a single layer of "bitulin HP I 170," glued to the base under the roll carpet along the longitudinal edges.

When sticking insulation layers, the longitudinal and transverse overlapping of adjacent panels shall be at least 80100 mm. To seal the places of roofing carpet abutments, change the sealing masks "elastosil," UT32 and others that meet the requirements of GOST 2562183. Galvanized roof steel 0.6 mm thick GOST 1990490 is used for compensators of deformation joints, finishing of eaves overhangs.