Foundations and foundations - foundation for welding shop in Petrozavodsk

Contents

CONTENTS

1. ASSESSMENT OF ENGINEERING AND GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE CONSTRUCTION SITE

1.1. BUILDING BASELINES AND LOCATIONS

1.2. CALCULATION OF ADDITIONAL CHARACTERISTICS

1.3. DETERMINATION OF DESIGN SOIL RESISTANCE OF THE BASE

1.4. CONCLUSIONS

2. DEVELOPMENT OF FOUNDATION OPTIONS

2.1. CALCULATION OF FOUNDATION ON NATURAL BASE

2.1.1. Determination of foundation bottom depth

2.1.2. Base soil strength calculation

2.1.3. Foundation check for deformations

2.1.4. Foundation material strength calculation

2.1.5. Calculation of technical and economic indicators

2.2. CALCULATION OF FOUNDATION ON DRIVEN REINFORCED CONCRETE PILES

2.2.1. Determination of depth of pedestal foot

2.2.2. Select pile type, length, and grade

2.2.3. Determination of design resistance of pile

2.2.4. Calculation and design of pile pile

2.2.5. Check of pile cap strength

2.2.6. Settlement calculation of pile foundation

2.2.7. Calculation of technical and economic indicators

2.3. FOUNDATION CALCULATION ON ARTIFICIAL FOUNDATION

2.3.1. Selection of pillow material

2.3.2. Determination of foundation bottom depth

2.3.3. Determination of ground design resistance of the base

2.3.4. Base soil strength calculation

2.3.5. Calculation of deformations

2.3.6. Foundation strength check

2.3.7. Calculation of technical and economic indicators

2.4. CONCLUSIONS

3. CALCULATION OF FOUNDATIONS ACCORDING TO THE MAIN VERSION

3.1. FOUNDATION NO.

3.1.1. Preliminary calculations

3.1.2. Load collection

3.1.3. Base calculation

3.1.4. Strength calculation

3.1.5. Calculation of deformations

3.2. FOUNDATION NO.

3.2.1. Preliminary calculations

3.2.2. Load collection

3.2.3. Base calculation

3.2.4. Strength calculation

3.2.5. Calculation of deformations

3.3. FOUNDATION NO.

3.3.1. Basement floor design and waterproofing

3.3.2. Preliminary calculations

3.3.3. Load collection

3.3.4. Base calculation

3.3.5. Strength calculation

3.4. FOUNDATION NO.

3.4.1. Basement floor design and waterproofing

3.4.2. Preliminary calculations

3.4.3. Load collection

3.4.4. Base calculation

3.4.5. Strength calculation

3.5. FOUNDATION # 5 (DESIGN ONLY)

4. WORK RECOMMENDATIONS

5. Literature

Work Recommendations

Before starting the installation of the foundation on a natural basis, it is necessary to prepare the territory .

Earthworks include preparatory, auxiliary and main works (processes). Preparatory include: preparation of the territory (felling of trees, stumps, stone harvesting, cutting shrubs, demolition of buildings, etc.); provision of drainage and drainage of the territory; geodetic breakdown, road laying.

Auxiliary works include: arrangement of temporary anchorages of pits and trenches, drainage, lowering of ground water level, artificial fixation of weak soils.

The main processes in the complex of earthworks are from-jerking of pits and trenches, planning of sites, filling of embankments with compaction of soils, transportation of soil to the dump, cleaning and layout of the bottom of the pits, finishing of slopes.

Detailed subdivision of pits or excavation of soil for separate foundations is made on the basis of working drawings of the underground part of the building after geodetic subdivision and fixation with reference points or risks on adjacent buildings of its main axes and design horizons.

Surface wastewater is drained to avoid watering of the construction site. To do this, it is necessary to ensure the interception of these waters before they enter the construction site, accelerate the flow of "their" waters.

For this it is necessary to arrange drains if possible. To accelerate the flow of "own" water to the site during vertical planning, an appropriate slope is given and a network of open or behind-the-covered drain (sumpfs) is established, the walls of which, if necessary, are strengthened by a wooden box with filtering sprinkling, and water is pumped out, centrifugal and self-suction centrifugal pumps are used to pump water

To prevent flooding of pits and trenches, which are artificial catchments, to which water actively begins to flow during rains and snow melting, they must be protected by drainage ditches on the upland side and fencing, as well as by proper planning of the area adjacent to the excavation,

In open recesses it is necessary to erect foundations immediately, and then immediately backfill the sinuses of foundations or trenches with careful sealing.

The plant layer should be cut only in the places envisaged by the project and directly during planning work, since the soil not protected by the plant layer (turf) intensively absorbs water and moistens. Excess soil should be removed from the construction site.

The pit walls may not be attached, in this case a slope can be made

When digging a pit, a single-bucket excavator is used with a reverse shovel due to the fact that there is a small digging depth h = 2.6 m and large volumes of pit development. The pit is developed by frontal penetration using a vehicle. The territory is broken up into captures. On the first grab, after completion of soil development, clean the bottom of the pit with the help of a bulldozer or manually for separate foundations and in subsequent work install the foundations and simultaneously with installation tear off the soil for separate foundations on the second grab.. Part of the soil is taken away at the car dump trucks of the brand. The remaining soil is loaded into a cavalier for backfilling .

Laying and compaction of soils is performed during planning works, erection of various embankments, backfills and sinuses of foundations. To obtain the highest density of laid soil, the lowest filtration capacity and reduce subsequent precipitation, it is laid and compacted in compliance with certain technological requirements.

The main parameter characterizing the process of soil compaction is the adoption of ramming equipment and depends on the type of compacted soil.

The most difficult is soil compaction when backfilling the sinuses of foundations or trenches, since the work is carried out in cramped conditions. In these cases, the soil is compacted 0.8 m from the foundation by layers of 15...... 20 cm by pneumatic and electric ramming, and the upper layer by more productive small-sized rollers. Soil compaction is carried out using a ramming machine.

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