Diploma - 30 apartment building.

1.1. Plot Plan Brief and TEI

The building is located on a plot with an even relief.

In addition to it, one residential building is located on the site.

The vertical layout is solved with the maximum use of the existing terrain and the necessary slope for the removal of surface water.

Pavement of driveways - asphalt concrete, paths - from small-sized tiles made according to the method of semi-dry pressing.

The width of the roads is 6 m, the passages are 3.5 m, the sidewalks are 2 m.

The territory free from development, driveways and sites should be sown with lawn grasses.

The building is aligned to the axes of the construction geodetic network.

Absolute elevation corresponding to the notional zero of 140.800 m.

Technical and economic indicators of the master plan:

a) construction plan area - F = 6297.60 m2;

b) building area - Fpr = 547.56 m2;

c) area of temporary domestic buildings - Ffr = 208.08 m2;

d) length of temporary:

- roads - 251.23 m;

- water supply - 119.90 m;

- electric power lines - 53.30 m;

- lighting lines - 325.30 m;

- fences - 323.20 m;

e) Kk = Fpr • 100 %/F = 7.77% - completeness factor;

f) Sq.p. = Ffp • 100 %/Ffp = 42.50% - ratio factor of temporary and permanent structures.

Space-planning solution and TEP of the building

The residential building has a complex shape with plan dimensions of 39000x14040 mm.

The building is five-story. Floor height 2.8 m.

Building with basement.

The building is two-section.

The building is arceless.

Structural diagram of the building - with transverse and longitudinal bearing walls.

In case of fire, people will be evacuated from the building by stairs.

Spatial rigidity and stability of the building is provided by anchoring of external walls with slabs.

In terms of durability, the building belongs to the II degree, since its structural elements for a service life of 50 years.

According to fire resistance, the building belongs to the II degree, since it has designed walls and partitions made of ceramic brick, floors - from prefabricated reinforced concrete, i.e. from non-combustible materials.

The responsibility class of the building is II.

Technical and economic indicators of the space-planning solution of the building:

a) building area - Fpr = 489.57 m2;

b) building volume - V = S· h = 9078.73 m3;

c) useful area - 2015.9 m2;

d) living area - 1732.58 m2;

e) total area of apartments:

- one room - S1 = 38.63 m2

- two-room - S2 = 59.77 m2

- three-room - S3 = 79.33 m2

f) K1 = working (living) area/usable area = 1732.58/2015.9 = 0.54

g) K2 = construction volume/working (residential) area = 9078.73/1732.58 = 5.24

Structural solution of the building

1.3.1. Foundations.

The foundations are designed as piles in accordance with SNiP 2.02.0183.Monolithic railway bed is arranged on the top of the piles.

Depth of pedestal laying -3.400.

Selection of the type of foundations, determination of the depth and size of the foundations were carried out in accordance with engineering and geological studies of the construction site.

Foundation blocks are designed with widths of 400,500 and 600 mm. They are laid on M50 cement mortar with obligatory dressing of seams

Horizontal waterproofing is carried out cement with liquid glass and also adhesive in two layers of glass urea. To protect the basement walls from groundwater, vertical dressing waterproofing is arranged in 2 layers along a leveled surface.

To protect foundations from surface water along the perimeter of the building, asphalt concrete paving is carried out with a width of 700 mm along a crushed stone base with a thickness of 150 mm with a slope from the building 2-3%.

1.3.2. Walls.

External walls are made of 640 mm thick ceramic hollow brick with insulation with polystyrene foam and facing with ceramic hollow thickened face brick on fiberglass bonds (ATP). The ATP shall be installed only in horizontal masonry seams. Minimum penetration depth of ATP into the solution is 200 mm, and in the wall 120 mm thick - 100 mm. Maximum distance of ATP installation in horizontal plane 250 mm, in vertical plane 1000 mm. In the masonry lining layer the external seams shall be blistered. According to fire requirements, in the walls of a three-layer structure, make fire cuts from mineral wool with a thickness of at least 80 mm in the level of floors and on the faces of window openings, as well as in blind walls, arrange vertical fire cuts no more than 6 m later.

The inner walls are 380 mm thick from ceramic hollow thickened brick.

When laying the external and internal walls of the 1st and 2nd floors, use cement-sand plasticized mortar M75, and 3-5 floors and attic - M50.

In the internal walls separating the bathrooms and kitchens, ventilation channels measuring 140x140 mm are provided. Sections of walls with ventilation channels are made of ceramic full-thick thickened brick on M50 cement mortar and reinforced with two longitudinal rods after 300 mm in masonry height bypassing holes of ventilation channels.

In the process of erecting brick walls and partitions to attach door and window boxes to the slopes of openings, lay antiseptic wooden plugs measuring 65x125x250 mm after 1200 mm in height, but at least two on each side of the opening.

Above the openings in the walls, lay prefabricated reinforced concrete bridges on a leveled layer of M100 cement sand mortar with a thickness of 20 mm. Load-bearing bridges shall be laid on the side of floor slabs support. Mineral wool slabs are used as insulation between bridges.

1.3.3. Overlaps.

Prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs of 220 mm thick multi-pillar slabs are designed in the building.

Floor slabs shall be laid on a leveled layer of M100 grout 20 mm thick.

When installing slabs, strictly observe the value of their support on the walls and the layout of the slabs adopted in the design.

Seams between floor slabs and seams in places of floor slabs adjoining to walls shall be covered with concrete of class B15 on fine aggregate.

Drill holes in slab slabs to pass plumbing pipes in place, without breaking structural edges, with a size of 150x150 mm according to the references specified in the graphic part. The holes must fall into the void of the slabs, without rear reinforcement. After installation of pipes and installation of elastic sleeves on them, carefully seal all holes with B15 concrete on fine aggregate.

Anchoring of slabs between each other and with walls is performed by A1 class reinforcement with mounting loops. All welding places, exposed metal parts shall be cleaned from rust and protected with a 50 mm thick layer of M100 grout.

1.3.4. Stairs.

The building has designed stairs of the main purpose from prefabricated reinforced concrete marches and platforms located in staircases enclosed by capital walls.

Stairways and platforms are selected according to the catalog based on the calculation.

1.3.5. Partitions.

Partitions in 90 mm thick bathrooms are made of ceramic full-thick thickened brick on M50 cement mortar.

Partitions between rooms 120 mm thick and between apartments 380 mm thick are made of ceramic hollow thickened brick on M50 cement sand mortar.

To attach partitions to the structural elements of the building, use mounting elements, and reinforce masonry along the entire length with grids.

1.3.6. Roof (covering).

In this building, the roof is pitched. Ventilation ducts go to the roof.

Roof drainage - organized along external drains with a diameter of 120 mm.

Wooden structures of the rafter roof are designed from sawn softwood with wood humidity of not more than 20%.

Bearing elements of the roof are wooden rafters installed with spacing of 800, 900 and 930 mm. Attach the rafter legs through one with twists of wire to the steps clogged into the brick wall. Attach the anti-condensate film along the rafters. Attach the grating boards to the rafters with nails with a pitch of 350 mm. Attach sheets of metal cuttings to the screen with self-drilling screws with neoprene gaskets.

To protect wooden elements from fire and biological destruction, treat them with the preparation "BOPOD." All wooden structures in contact with brickwork are wrapped with two layers of hydroisol with preliminary bitumen coating. Do not isolate the ends of the rafters.

Put 1 layer of steam insulation, 150 mm thick polystyrene foam plates on the attic floor and make a brace from M100 50 mm thick cement sand mortar.

1.3.7. Floors.

1.3.8. Windows and doors.

Windows are designed with triple glazing (with separate and separate-paired bindings, one- and double-leaf).

A total of 4 window types and 5 door types have been designed.

1.3.9. Information about exterior and interior finishes.

On walls in all rooms apply improved plaster. In rooms and corridors, glue walls with improved wallpaper to the entire height. In kitchens, face the walls with ceramic tiles to a height of 1500 mm on the side of the installation of kitchen equipment, and above improved adhesive painting. In the latrines and bathrooms, the walls are faced with ceramic tiles to the entire height. Use adhesive whitewash on ceilings in all rooms. Nail a plinth around the perimeter of the walls. On both sides of the doorways, nail the platter. Window and door blocks, sill boards, heating radiators, risers are painted with oil paint twice.

The walls of the tambours of the entrances, staircases, out-of-apartment corridors should be painted with water-dispersed paint and a plinth made of ceramic tiles 200 mm high.

Heat Engineering Calculation

1.4.1. Calculation of the thickness of the insulation of the outer wall.

In accordance with Table 4.1 of TKP 452.04-43-2006, the design temperature of the internal air is 18C, the design relative humidity is 55.

Humidity mode of rooms - normal, operating conditions of enclosing structures - B.

Since in this wall the air layer is ventilated, the layers located behind the air layer are closer to the outside, and the air layer itself is not taken into account in the calculation. We accept the calculated values ​ ​ of thermal conductivity and heat absorption coefficients s of wall materials :

1.4.3. Calculation of ceiling insulation thickness above the basement.

The design temperature of the internal air is 18C, the design relative humidity is 55.

Humidity mode of rooms - normal, operating conditions of enclosing structures - A.

We accept the calculated values ​ ​ of thermal conductivity and heat absorption coefficients s of the materials of the basement floor:

Normative resistance to heat transfer of RT norms, for overlapping above the unheated basement is taken according to the calculation, providing the difference between the floor temperature and the air temperature of the first floor room not more than 2 ° C.

The thickness of the insulation is 0.08m.

Breakdown of the stairwell

Reinforced concrete stairways are installed with slopes of 1:2; 1:1,75; 1:1,5. Staircases at the level of each floor are called storeys, between floors - intermediate. Each march for one of the staircases will be ascending, for the other - descending.

The ascending march begins with the lower frieze stage, which serves as a transition to the site, the descending - the upper. Frieze stages coinciding with the floor of the platforms have special outlines. The remaining stages of the march are the same and are characterized by the height of the riser and the width of the tread.

Calculation of precast reinforced concrete march

2.2.1. Source data.

Calculate and finalize the precast reinforced concrete march LM1, width b = 1.2 m for stairs of a residential building. Sizes: In =1.5 m, height of the floor of het of =2.8 m. March tilt angle α=27.41о, steps of 15.5х30 cm in size. Concrete of class C25/30, fittings of frameworks - S500, grids - S500, a class under the terms of operation - XC1.

2.2.2. Calculation data.

Class C 25/30 concrete:

2.2.3. We determine the estimated span of the flight of stairs.

Estimated flight of stairs:

left = 2860- (70/2) • 2 = 2790 mm (see the breakdown of the stairwell).

2.2.4. Calculation of the load at 1 m. The horizontal projection of the flight of stairs.

The dead weight of the LM1 march is mLM = 15.2 kN. Reduced weight of fencing and handrails mogr + pore = 0.2 kN/m2.

The estimated load of 1 m. The horizontal projection of the flight of stairs in constant and variable design situations is taken equal to the most unfavorable condition of the following combinations:

- the first basic combination:

2.2.5. Determination of maximum design forces.

Design bending moment in the middle of the span:

2.2.6. Preassigns the dimensions of the march section.

For typical factory forms, we assign the plate thickness (cross section between steps) hf = 30 mm, the height of the ribs (cosors) h = 170 mm, the thickness of the ribs br = 80 mm.

We will replace the actual cross section of the march with the calculated - tavern with a shelf in the compressed zone.

The width of the walls is taken as bw = 2 • br = 2 • 80 = 160 mm.

The width of the beff shelf is assumed based on the condition that the size of the shelf overhang is in each direction from

2.2.7. Calculation of the strength of the stair march in a normal section.

Section working height:

c = 25 mm distance from the center of gravity of reinforcement to the outer face of the stair flight.

We determine the position of the neutral axis, assuming that the neutral axis passes along the lower face of the shelf, we determine the deformation area

Therefore, the neutral axis is located within the shelf, and the calculation is carried out as for a rectangular section with bw = beff = 520 mm.

We determine the coefficient αm.

2.2.8. Lateral reinforcement of the flight of stairs.

We check the condition:

2.2.9. Construction of transverse reinforcement.

Working rods are combined into two flat frames. Transverse rods are taken ∅5 S500.

Spacing of transverse reinforcement on support sections at h≤450 mm:

2.2.10. Check the strength of the stair flight along the inclined sections for the action of a transverse force.

VSd = 16.64 kN

fctd = 1.73 MPa.

fywd = 295 MPa.

Ecm = 38· 10 ³ MPa

ES = 200· 10 ³ MPa

ASw1 = 19.6 mm ² ø5 S500

n = 2, S1 = 80 mm, n - number of frames.

Geometric cross-sectional dimensions: bw = 160 mm, h = 170 mm, d = 145 mm, S1 = 80 mm, S2 = 120 mm do not exceed Smax = 699.5 mm.

Condition is checked:

The condition is fulfilled, therefore, the strength of the compressed concrete along the inclined compressed strip between the inclined cracks is ensured.

We check the condition:

Force in transverse rod per unit length

2.2.11. Calculation of mounting loops.

We determine the load from the own weight of the flight of stairs.

2.2.12. Constructs a stair flight.

The march plate is reinforced with a mesh of rods with a diameter of 4 mm S500, located with a pitch of 100 mm. The plate is monolithically connected with stages that are reinforced for structural reasons, and its carrying capacity, taking into account the operation of the stages, is quite ensured.

The diameter of the working reinforcement of the stages, taking into account transport and installation impacts, is assigned depending on the length of the stages lstop:

At lsp. = 1.2 m - 6 mm S240. Clamps are made of reinforcement with diameter of 6 mm S240 in increments of 150 mm.

Calculation of precast reinforced concrete site slab

2.3.1. Source data.

Calculate and finalize the prefabricated reinforced concrete ribbed slab of the ladder platform LD1 of the two-march staircase, width b = 1200 mm, width of the staircase opening l = 2500 mm, thickness of the platform slab t = h 'f = 60 mm for a residential building. Floor height het = 2.8 m. The dead weight of the ladder platform LP1 is mLP = 11.60 kN. Concrete of class C25/30 fittings of frameworks - S500, grids - S500, a class under the terms of operation - XC1.

2.3.2. Calculation data.

2.3.3. Calculation of the shelf of the stairway platform.

2.3.3.1. We determine the load at 1 m.

Plate flange is calculated as beam element with partial pinching on supports.

The design load at 1 m. The plate shelf in constant and variable design situations is taken equal to the most unfavorable value of the following combinations at b = 1000 mm:

- first main combination

- second main combination

Design load at 1 m. Slab shelf g = 6.22 kN/m.

2.3.3.2. We determine the design span of the plate shelf.

Design span of the plate shelf:

leff=1200-120-100=0,98 м

The estimated span is equal to the distance between the edges left = 0.98 m.

2.3.3.3. Determination of maximum design forces.

When taking into account the formation of a plastic hinge, the bending moment in the span and on the support is determined by a formula that takes into account the equalization of moments

MSd = g· l2eff = 6, 22· 0,982/16 = 0.37 kN/m

2.3.3.4. Calculation of ladder platform shelf strength by normal section.

Section working height:

2.3.4. Calculation of the frontal edge of the landing.

2.3.4.1. We determine the load at 1 m. P. frontal rib.

The following loads apply to the frontal rib:

- constant and variable uniformly distributed from half of shelf span and from own weight of frontal edge:

2.3.4.2. We determine the calculated span of the frontal edge.

Estimated span of the frontal rib: left = 2500 + 200/2· 2 = 2700 mm

The estimated span is equal to the distance between the centers of support of the frontal rib

left = 2.7 m.

2.3.4.3. Determination of maximum design forces.

Bending (torque) moment at projection from load g1 by 1 m.p.

MSd1 = g1· (0.1 + 0.07 )/2 = 13, 87· 0,085 = 1.18 kNm.

We determine the calculated bending moment in the middle of the rib span (counting conditionally due to small deformations that g 1 acts throughout the span ):

MSd = (g + g1)· leff2/8 = (4.87 + 13.87)· 2.72/8 = 17.08 kNm.

- Transverse force is

VSd=(g+g1)·leff/2=(4,87+13,87)·2,7/2=25,3 кН.

For typical factory forms, we assign the thickness of the plate hf., = 60mm

rib height h = 350 mm, rib thickness br = 120 mm.

We will replace the actual cross section of the frontal rib with a calculated one - a tavern with a shelf in the compressed zone.

The width of the wall is taken as bw = br = 120 mm.

The width of the beff shelf is assumed based on the condition that the size of the shelf overhang in each direction from the edge should be (taking into account half the section of the stair landing):

- not more than 1/6 of element span:

Since the rib is monolithically connected to the shelf, which facilitates the perception of torque MSd1 from the cantilever projection, the calculation of the frontal rib can be carried out on the effect of only the bending moment MSd = 17.08 kNm.

2.3.4.4. Calculation of frontal rib strength by normal section.

Section working height:

d = h-s = 350-25 = 325 mm,

where with = and +0.5 ∅, and =20 mm - thickness of a protective layer of concrete for fittings (a class under the terms of operation of XC1).

2.3.4.5. Transverse reinforcement of frontal rib .

We check the condition:

Since the condition is met, the concrete of the frontal rib perceives a transverse force, the transverse reinforcement is assigned structurally.

According to the design requirements, we accept the transverse reinforcement ∅3 S500 with a pitch of 150 MM.

2.3.5. Calculation of the wall edge of the landing.

2.3.5.1. We determine the load on 1 m. P. wall rib.

The following loads apply to the wall rib:

- constant and variable uniformly distributed from half of shelf span and from own weight of wall rib:

The design load per 1 ppm of the wall rib in constant and variable design situations is taken equal to the most unfavorable value of the following combinations:

- first main combination

2.3.5.3. Determination of maximum design forces.

We determine the calculated bending moment in the middle of the rib span:

The transverse force is :

We will replace the actual section of the wall edge with the calculated section with a T-ray with a shelf in the compressed zone.

The width of the wall is taken as bw = br = 100 mm.

The width of the beff shelf is assumed based on the condition that the size of the shelf overhang is in each direction from

Calculation of the tape foundation for the outer wall

2.4.1. Source data.

Determine the load on the building foundation, the main dimensions, calculate and finalize the structure of the ribbon precast reinforced concrete foundation for the external wall of the building with the basement. Soils - dusty sands, medium density (¼ n = 23 °; cn = 2.0 kPa; γ′II=10,2 kN/m3; e = 0.75; à = MPa). The length of the building L = 37.04 m, the height of the building H = 18.95 m. The construction area is the city of Birch. Class under the terms of operation - XC1

Composition, purpose, design of PPM

Work Execution Project (WDP) is a documented model of construction production processes for the construction, repair, reconstruction of facilities from the beginning of the construction and construction work preparation to the commissioning of the facility, which defines the types and volumes of construction and construction work, the sequence and timing of their implementation, the need and timing of material and technical resources, construction machines, and workers to the construction site. Rational technology and safe working conditions are provided.

The aim is to ensure optimal organization of construction and repair and construction production by using the most effective methods of performing works, which reduce their cost, labor intensity, reduce manual labor, duration of work, increase the use of construction machines and mechanisms.

The WDP serves as a guide for the organization and execution of work at the site, is the basis for operational planning, logistics, control and recording of work.

Initial data of the PPM:

1. Task for development of PPM;

2. Operating documentation for the facility;

3. Estimates;

4. Data on the construction organization performing the work;

5. Materials of the technical survey of the overhaul facility;

6. Planned dates for start and end of construction or repair of the facility;

7. Information on the possibility of using existing buildings and structures for the period of repair;

8. Data on the use of sources and the procedure for providing the facility with energy, water and other resources;

9. PPM standards, typical Job Instructions, Sling Diagrams, etc.

10. The object is inspected in situ.

The PPM consists of:

- Work Schedule;

- Stroygenplan;

- Schedule of delivery and consumption of materials, structures;

- Schedule of work personnel requirements;

- Those cards;

- Safety solutions;

- Solutions for arrangement of temporary networks of water and power supply, lighting;

- List of process equipment and accessories;

- Explanatory note (calculations, TEP).

Job Instruction for staircase installation

3.2.1. General information.

The process chart is developed with the aim of a rational solution for the organization and technology of construction production, which contributes to increasing labor productivity, improving quality and reducing the cost of construction and installation work.

The process map should be developed on the basis of the study and synthesis of best practices corresponding to the modern level of planning, organization, management and technology of construction production and provide for:

- application of technological processes that provide the required level of work quality;

- complex installation of structures, products and materials;

- maximum use of the entire front by combining construction processes;

- implementation of integrated mechanization;

- observance of rules of production sanitation, labor protection, safety measures, environmental protection.

Job instructions are an integral part of organizational and technological documentation, which regulates the rules of process execution, selection of technological support facilities.

The process sheet is developed for the process of one type of construction and installation works, as a result of which completed structural elements of buildings and structures are created.

The routing is developed for complex types of works and works performed by new methods.

The Job Instruction is developed according to the working drawings of buildings and structures, which are studied in detail before drawing up the Job Instruction.

3.2.2. Volume-weight characteristic of precast reinforced concrete elements.

3.2.3. Scope.

The Job Instruction is designed for staircase installation.

Scope of work:

1. Installation of stairways.

2. Installation of stair flights.

Work on the installation of the staircase is carried out in two shifts under normal working conditions.

3.2.4. Regulatory references.

The regulatory basis for the development of the process map for the installation of the staircase is the current regulatory and technical documents, RSN, departmental and local progressive norms and rates.

Regulatory documents used:

- SNB - set

- TKP 451.03-44-2006 "Occupational safety in construction"

- ENiR is collection E4 "Installation of the national teams and the device of monolithic reinforced concrete structures"

- RSN - Tables 721, 7-47

- Manual on organization of labor during CIW production - Ch. 13

- STB 116999 "Elements of stairs reinforced concrete and concrete. General Specifications "

- GOST 1.30.15.083 "Concrete and reinforced concrete structures and articles. General Specifications "

3.2.5. Characteristics of materials and products used.

The routing contains:

• Materials and products subject to mandatory certification must have a certificate of conformity;

• Imported construction materials and products, for which there is no experience of application and regulatory and technical documents in force in the territory of the Republic of Belarus, must have a Technical Certificate of the Ministry of Construction Architecture;

• Materials and products subject to hygienic registration must have a certificate of hygienic registration.

STB 116999 "Elements of stairs reinforced concrete and concrete. General Specifications. "

GOST 1.30.15.083 "Concrete and reinforced concrete structures and articles. General Specifications. "

For the installation of stairways and platforms, materials and products such as:

- construction masonry mortars heavy cement grades M100;

- electrodes of ∅=6 mm grade E42;

- prefabricated railway structures;

- Portland cement of M400 grade;

- landing platforms.

3.2.6. Organization and technology of works.

Stair platforms shall be laid before the installation of the stair flights, and the installation devices shall be checked for serviceability.

Prior to installation of staircases, install staircases and staircases of the underlying floor, check serviceability of mounting devices, arrange tools, accessories and materials in the working area.

Methods and sequence of works:

It is recommended that you install stair elements from scaffolding simultaneously with wall masonry using tools and fixtures. All elements of stairs, except for prefabricated steps and protective grates, are mounted using a crane. Prefabricated stages are added with a crane of 5-6 pieces in packages or in a container and are temporarily stored on staircases. Installation of stages, delivery of finished links of protective grates and their installation is carried out manually.

Installation of staircase prefabricated elements.

The platforms are installed immediately after the walls are erected to the level of the site, and the marches are installed before the mortar is set under the support parts of the site. To avoid jamming, the march is sent with an angle of inclination to the horizon, somewhat greater than the design one. The march (kosour) is received at a distance of 2530 cm from the support surface. The march is first supported on the lower platform, and then lowered on the upper.

Installation of stairways.

Site erection works begin by determining the elevations of the site support surface. The surface is leveled with a solution, then according to the command of the link, the platform is stroked and supplied to the installation site. The site shall be laid in strict accordance with the design.

Set up stair flights.

Before supplying Kosur to the installation site, the correct installation of the platforms is checked with a wooden inventory template. Installation begins with installation of its lower end, after which the march is lowered along the landing of the upper one.

Install railings.

It begins with cleaning the embedded parts of the march and marking the installation places of the links. When installing the fence link, two installers, being on the march, the grilles of which are installed, keep the fences in a vertical position, and the electric welder, standing on the lower march, tacks the grille at the upper and lower posts. After that, the final attachment of the grille by electric welding is welded over all embedded parts of the march.

3.2.7. Need for logistical resources.

3.2.7.1 Need for materials and articles.

The scope of works in the Job Instruction is as follows:

- installation of staircases;

- installation of stair flights;

- arrangement of stair railings.

3.2.7.2. Means of technological support, machines, mechanisms and equipment.

3.2.8. Quality control and acceptance of works.

3.2.9. Safety, health and environment.

Safety technique.

During installation of precast reinforced concrete structures:

1. All signals to the driver are sent only by one person - foreman, link or sling.

2. Slingers must have a certificate and armbands, work in helmets.

3. All installers shall be provided with workwear and accessories (helmets, mounting belts).

4. Rafters and crane drivers are given a list of loads indicating their weight.

5. Persons under 18 years of age and students are not allowed for installation work.

6. During installation works it is forbidden to:

- performance of other types of works in the installation area and on this grip;

- carry loads over the workstations of the installers;

- leave the raised structures on the weight, as well as drag the structures with a crane;

- disassembly of elements until they are fixed;

- move the installed elements after their disassembly;

- performing installation work at altitude in open places with wind strength of six points or more, as well as with ice, heavy snowfall, rain, thunderstorms.

7. The hazardous area shall be marked with clearly visible precautionary signs or fenced.

8. Movable horizontal loads should be previously raised 1 m above the objects encountered in the path.

9. During installation works use of ladders, ladders is prohibited.

Environmental protection.

During the construction, repair, reconstruction of the building, construction and installation organizations must carry out special measures aimed at protecting the environment, mandatory for the performance of construction and installation works.

On the territory of the facilities under construction, destruction of wood and shrub vegetation not provided for in the design documentation is not allowed, they are transplanted.

Unused waste of construction production, construction garbage is added up and taken to places allocated in land-usable areas. When removing waste and garbage, it is not allowed to dump them from the upper floors of buildings for safety of use of closed trays and filler hoppers.

During construction and installation works, the requirement to prevent dust and gas pollution of air is observed. Special attention is paid to dust. It is dangerous in that it can penetrate the lungs, and also has an adverse effect on the skin.

3.2.10. Calculation and rationing of labor costs.

3.2.11. Crew calculation.

Duration of works:

3.2.12. Technical and economic indicators.

Construction Schedule

The construction schedule is a process and organizational model of the facility, in which all construction and construction works performed in a certain time frame and in a certain sequence are interconnected.

3.3.1. Purpose, composition, development procedure, initial data of the schedule.

In the schedules, all technological processes are linked in time and space, the delivery system and resource consumption are determined.

In order to build a building in a short time, it is necessary to analyze the solutions and find the most appropriate of them. To do this, you use a schedule that analyzes all possible production situations.

The calendar plan covers the entire complex of work on the construction of the facility.

According to the production plan, the total duration of the construction of the facility is established, the need for labor and material resources, the delivery time of structures and equipment is determined, operational planning is carried out and annual, monthly and daily work plans are drawn up.

The total duration of the calendar plan should not exceed the standard duration.

Source Data:

- Detailed drawings of the object;

- Summary estimate;

- ANTI-ICING SYSTEM;

- Information on the timing and procedure of deliveries of structures, materials, products, equipment. As well as information on the types and number of machines and mechanisms intended for use; on workers in the main professions;

- Job Instructions;

Schedule Design Procedure:

Analysis of design materials by object is performed;

The nomenclature of construction and installation processes is established;

The scope of work is calculated;

The labor costs of the processes and the number of machine workers are selected;

Select the methods of work and the main construction machines;

Duration of individual robot species execution is determined and linked in time (graph is plotted);

When analyzing the architectural construction part of the object, the ability to carry out construction by the most effective methods is revealed.

It is also necessary to determine the means that the construction organization has.

After a thorough study of the design materials, a nomenclature of works is compiled, from which the construction of the object will consist.

The level of detail of the item corresponds to the SNB, in some cases it is possible to take enlarged norms and show their total labor intensity.

The quantities of work are calculated in units of measurement, in accordance with the units of NSS.

To calculate the quantity of work, use, including specifications of working drawings.

It is recommended to calculate volumes by grips, tiers, stages, which are necessary for the formation of flows.

When selecting methods of work execution, it is necessary to strive for maximum coverage of mechanization works. The types and capacity of machines are selected based on the scope of work. Must be the smallest number of machine types. If machines work, it is necessary to plan the work in 2 (3) shifts.

The choice of a suitable method of performing work or machines is determined from the comparison of options.

Further, labor intensity and machine time are calculated.

After the labor intensity is calculated, the work sequence is established, which is determined primarily by the technology of the object, which depends on the design of the object, the materials used and the accepted methods of work.

Correct process sequence shall be observed.

3.3.2. Nomenclature of works by cycles.

Preparatory cycle:

1. Soil movement up to 5 km by bulldozer with a capacity of 59 (80) KVT (hp), soil of 2 groups.

2. Throw soil inside the building for filling under the floors.

3. Manually filling the sinuses of pits, soil of group 1.

4. Compaction of soil by pneumatic ramming, soil 1-2 groups.

I. Underground cycle:

5. Diving with diesel hammer on a tractor of reinforced concrete piles up to 6 m long, in soils of group 1.

6. Cutting down pile heads.

7. Installation of B15 concrete pedestal.

8. Installation of concrete preparation from concrete of class B3.5.

9. Structure of the base for crushed stone foundations.

10. Installation of foundation blocks up to 0.5 t.

11. Installation of foundation blocks up to 1 t.

12. Installation of foundation blocks up to 1.5 t.

13. Installation of foundation blocks weighing more than 1.5 t.

14. Device for horizontal waterproofing of adhesive.

15. Device for vertical waterproofing of adhesive.

16. Installation of slabs above the basement up to 5 m2.

17. Installation of slabs above the basement up to 10 m2.

II. Overground cycle:

18. Brickwork of the outer walls of a three-layer structure 640 mm thick.

19. The brickwork of the exterior walls is simple.

20. Brickwork of the inner walls 380 mm thick.

21. Arrangement of 120 mm thick ceramic brick partitions.

22. Installation of jumpers weighing up to 0.3 t.

23. Installation of stair flights.

24. Installation of stairways.

25. Install stair railings.

26. Arrangement of monolithic section.

27. Installation of slabs up to 5 m2.

28. Installation of slabs up to 10 m2.

29. Installation of window blocks with area from 2 to 2.5 m2.

30. Installation of window blocks with the area from 2.5 to 3 m2.

31. Installation of sill boards.

32. Installation of door blocks up to 3 m2.

33. Sealing of adjoining points of window and door blocks with polyurethane foam.

34. Device for vapor insulation of adhesive layer in 1 layer.

35. Device of insulation from mineral wool plates.

36. Cement cloth bracing 50 mm thick.

37. Construction of slings

38. Anti-condensation film device.

39 Grating device.

40. Arrangement of the roof from metal cuttings.

III. Finishing cycle:

41. Thermal insulation device for floors.

42. Waterproofing device for floors.

43. Cement cloth bracing device 60 mm thick.

44. 15 mm thick cement cloth bracing device.

45. 20 mm thick cement cloth bracing device.

46. Cement cloth bracing 30 mm thick.

47. Wall plaster, improved with cement mortar.

48. Patching of wall surface at 1 time.

49. Patching the surface of ceilings at 1 time.

50. Surface painting of ceilings with acrylic paints.

51. Facing walls with ceramic tiles.

52. Arrangement of floors from "GRES" tiles in bathrooms.

53. Device of linoleum floors.

54. Paint the surface of staircases with acrylic paints.

55. Lining the walls with wallpaper.

56. Arrangement of parquet floors.

57. Covering the floor with lacquer twice.

Special cycle:

58. Draft sanitary and technical works.

59. Draft electrical works.

60. Finishing sanitary works.

61. Electrical finishing works.

62. Landscaping and landscaping of the territory.

63. Preparation of the object for delivery and delivery.

64. Other and unaccounted for works.

3.3.3. Calculation of the scope of work.

3.3.4. Select how to perform the work.

The choice of methods of work, installation machines and devices is a responsible task. It is necessary to take into account the economy of the selected methods, technological feasibility, the possibility of combining and maximum use of the equipment. In order to accelerate the construction of the facility, it is advisable to use an in-line method of work, which is influenced by the characteristics of the building, configuration, dimensions, volumes.

Planning and cutting of vegetable layer is performed by bulldozer of DZ18 grade. Pit development is performed by excavator of EO 652 grade with reverse blade and ladle capacity of 0.65 m3.

Installation of foundation blocks and cushions is carried out using a self-propelled crane. Waterproofing is performed manually. Floors above the basement are mounted by a self-propelled crane.

For the above-ground part of the building, a tower crane is used. Simultaneously with the brickwork of the walls, partitions are arranged, stairways and platforms, window blocks, lintels are mounted, floor slabs are mounted. For brickwork, hinged-panel scaffolds are used. The floor method is used - capture, the work is carried out by a complex team. The final part of the aboveground part is the roof.

Plaster works are performed manually or mechanically, and walls are glued with wallpaper - manually.

Preparation for floors is arranged before plaster works, installation of clean floor - before painting works.

3.3.5. Selection and calculation of installation cranes.

Required tower crane parameters:

3.3.6. Calculation of labor intensity and machine time.

3.3.7. Calculation of materials and structures consumption.

3.3.8. Master Bill of Materials and Structures.

3.3.9. Schedule of workers movement.

The schedule of workers allows you to determine the required number of workers at any time of construction. Based on this schedule, the construction schedules are adjusted in order to equalize the need for workers by construction periods. They should not have significant short-term changes.

Based on the schedule of workers, the need for domestic premises is calculated.

The schedule of workers movement is characterized by the unevenness coefficient of the distribution of working frames:

3.3.10. Schedule of delivery of building materials, structures and products.

A daily delivery of material to the facility is being developed. The schedule for the delivery of material resources is based on the creation of a stock of material on the construction site, which is 512 days. The stock quantity depends on the local conditions, the material type, and the delivery condition.

Inventory should be minimal, otherwise warehouses with a large area are designed.

3.3.11. Schedule of construction machines and mechanisms.

The schedule of construction machines and mechanisms allows the construction organization to plan the distribution of construction machines to the facilities under construction, shows the employment of various machines and mechanisms at the facility by types and brands. The presence of a particular machine, mechanism on the object is determined by calendar dates. The crane shall be installed prior to the start of works with the tower crane. The schedule allows you to determine the distribution of financial and energy resources.

3.3.12. Technical and economic indicators of the schedule.

1. Construction duration factor:

Construction Master Plan

The construction plan is a general plan of the construction site, on which, along with existing (reconstructed), temporary buildings, structures and devices necessary for the construction or reconstruction of the facility are shown.

3.4.1. Composition, purpose and design procedure.

The construction plan is necessary to ensure the convenience of servicing workers, traffic, and the work of construction machines. To meet the requirements of safety of industrial sanitation, fire safety.

Input for development:

- Design and estimate documentation;

- General plan with existing buildings, structures, roads, engineering networks applied;

- Construction and work schedule plans for the main and preparatory construction periods;

- Summary schedule of daily demand of workers;

- Schedule of delivery and consumption of materials and products;

- Schedule of requirements for basic machines and mechanisms;

- Layout of signs for geodetic constructions and measurements.

Before building a construction plan, you should study the real situation on the ground.

Construction plan design procedure:

- The buildings and structures under construction and existing, permanent roads and underground communications are displayed on the plan;

- Building cranes with indication of working and hazardous areas are placed on the plan;

- The areas are calculated and temporary warehouses are displayed on the plan;

- Areas are calculated and typical temporary buildings and structures are selected and displayed on the plan;

- Temporary roads, calculation of temporary power supply demand, routing of power and lighting lines on the plan, installation of power supply point are designed and displayed on the plan;

- Calculation of water demand, mapping of temporary water supply and sewerage networks on the plan;

- Display on the plan of protective devices (fencing, protective visors, etc.);

- Calculation of TEP.

3.4.2. Selection and counting of temporary buildings and structures.

When selecting inventory buildings, they are guided by calculation areas. Certain spaces are combined.

3.4.3. Calculation of storage areas.

Open warehouses are located in the crane area in accordance with its carrying capacity. The closed warehouse is selected inventory KM404 dimensions in the plan of 3x9 m. Materials are stored in it in accordance with the schedule of the corresponding work, taking into account the standard stock of the required consumption.

3.4.4. Calculation of temporary water supply.

1) Production water flow:

2) Water consumption for household needs:

3) Diameter of temporary water supply pipe:

We accept the diameter taking into account fire extinguishing D = 100 mm.

Take diameter without taking into account fire extinguishing D = 25 mm.

3.4.5. Calculation of temporary power supply.

Total load:

We choose transformer substation of KTP100 with sizes of 1.5х1.9 m.

3.4.6. Calculation of the number of spotlights.

We determine the number of spotlights:

3.4.7. Technical and economic indicators of the construction plan.

2.4.8. Safety technique.

TKP 451.03-44-2006 "Labor Safety in Construction" is applied during works performance

Machines, equipment and process equipment used during construction and installation works shall comply with the conditions of safe performance of works according to their technical parameters.

Organization of the construction site, placement of work areas, workplaces, shall ensure the safety of workers at all stages of work execution.

When organizing a site, placing areas of work, workplaces, driveways of construction machines and vehicles, passages for people, it is necessary to establish areas dangerous to people, within which hazardous production factors constantly operate and can potentially act.

Passages, driveways, workplaces should be regularly cleaned, not cluttered.

The width of the passages to the workplaces must be at least 0.6 m, and the height of the passages in the retinue must be at least 1.8 m.

The entrances to the building under construction shall be protected from above by a continuous canopy with a width of not less than the width of the entrance with a departure of not less than 2 m from the building wall. The angle between the canopy and the building wall above the entrance shall be within 7075 degrees.

In areas where installation work is carried out, it is forbidden to perform other types of work and find unauthorized persons.

It is not allowed to leave the safety of supervision of a machine with a working engine.

When laying walls with a height of more than 7 m, it is necessary to use protective visors along the perimeter of the building. The first row of protective visors is installed at a height of not more than 6 m from the ground.

3.4.9. Environmental protection.

During the construction, repair, reconstruction of the building, construction and installation organizations must carry out special measures aimed at protecting the environment.

On the territory of the facilities under construction, destruction of wood and shrub vegetation not provided for in the design documentation is not allowed, they are transplanted.

Unused waste of construction production, construction garbage is added up and taken to places that are not suitable for land use.

The fertile layer of soil at the construction site is removed, stored or exported for subsequent use.

It is necessary to comply with the requirements for dust and gas content of the environment.

3.4.10. Measures to ensure the safety of materials and structures.

Materials, products, structures, machines and equipment shall be preserved at the construction site. When receiving materials and structures, they pay attention to the quantity, quality of storage and storage. Structures during storage are supported by gaskets and liners of rectangular section, the thickness of which must be at least 30 mm and at least 20 mm higher than the height of the mounting hinges. Gaskets and liners are located in the same plane.

Carpentry and equipment is stored under a canopy.

Small-piece materials and valuable products are stored in closed warehouses.

Mortar and concrete are taken in specially designated places.

Combustible and explosive substances are stored in special closed ventilated rooms.

The entire territory of the construction site is fenced. There is constant control over the economical consumption of materials, heat and energy resources.

Summary Estimate Calculation

4.1.1. Calculation of the scope of work.

4.1.2. Explanatory note to the summary estimate.

30-apartment residential building

Construction zone - Birch.

The estimated documentation is based on:

- RDS 8.01.1012000 Methodological Guidelines for Determination of Estimated Cost of Construction of Enterprises, Buildings and Structures and Preparation of Estimated Documentation

- SNB 8.03.2000 Resource-bearing standards for construction structures and works of collectors 1-46

- RDS 8.01.10202 RSN Collection for construction of temporary buildings and structures

- RDS 8.01.10302 RSN Collection of additional costs for construction and construction equipment production in winter

- Council of Ministers Resolution No. 997 of 06.06.2001

Rates of overheads and planned savings for civil works 94.3% and 129.9%.

Cost standards for temporary buildings and structures 5.3%; for winter rise in price 3.55%.

4.1.3. Summary estimate.

Ministry (Office)

"Approved"

Consolidated estimated calculation in the amount of: 644.82 thousand rubles.

Including refunds: 0.62 thousand rubles.

__________________________________

(reference to approval document)

"_____" __________________ 1991.

Summary estimate of construction cost.

The name of the construction site: 30 apartment building.

In the base prices of 1991.

Object estimate

Building name - 30 apartment building

Estimate of

Coordinated

Contractor

Object estimate No. 1-1

Object name: 30 apartment building.

Cost 512.62 thousand rubles.

In the base prices of 1991 Labor capacity 41.44 thousand people-hour

Local estimate for civil works

4.3.1. Local cost estimate 2-1.

For internal plumbing:

- heating and ventilation 1.71 p.

- water supply and sewerage 1.94 p.

- gas supply 0.84 p.

Total costs 4.49 p.

Cost of plumbing for the entire volume of the building

SSM = 4,49•6,955 = 31,23 thousand rubles.

4.3.2. Local cost estimate 2-2.

For internal electrical works:

- electric lighting 0.89 p.

- telephonisation and radioactivity 0.38 p.

Total costs 1.27 p.

Cost of electrical installation works for the entire volume of the building

SSM = 1.27 • 6,955 = 8.83 thousand p.

We distribute to cost elements in accordance with the average republican structure of the estimated cost:

ZP = 8.11%

EM = 4.14% (incl. ASW = 0.35)

MP = 41.84% (incl. tt = 0.16)

NP = 16.55%

GON = 29.36%

4.3.3. Local estimate for CIW.

Name of the construction site: residential building.

Construction Code:

Object name: 30 apartment building

Object cipher:

Set of drawings:

Local estimate No. 1-1.

For civil works.

Calculation of construction costs at current prices taking into account taxes

Act of acceptance of works in current prices

Cost of works performed in current prices per object

30 apartment building

in January 2008 prices (thousand rubles)

Feasibility study of a constructive solution

Thnorm = 10 months.

Tplan = 9 months

Savings by reducing the notional portion of overhead costs

Project TEP

Table of technical and economic indicators of a residential building.

Object name: 30 apartment building.

Construction area: Brest.