Diploma - 28 apartment building

1.1. Plot Plan Brief and TEI

The site has the shape of a rectangle, in addition to the designed building, it shows the existing one. The gaps between the designed and existing building are 18 m. The designed building is located approximately in the center of the site. The building is landscaped with sidewalks, a parking lot, adult recreation grounds, playgrounds, a site for drying linen, a site for garbage containers. Elements of landscaping are shrubs, deciduous trees, grass cover. The relief on which the designed building is located is calm. Storm water from the territory is removed by a closed drainage system, the necessary slopes are provided on the roads and sidewalks.

Technical and economic indicators of the master plan.

a) plot area 0.6983 ha

b) building area 0.063 ha

c) road area 0.1762 ha

d) landscaping area 0.315 ha

e) K1 = building area + road area = 0.342 ha

plot area

f) K2 = landscaping area = 0.451 ha

plot area

Space-planning solution and TEP of the building

The building has a rectangular view with a plan size of 41.16 m x 15.54 m, consists of 5 floors, floor height of 2.5 m. On the ground floor there is a clothing store S = 112.22. In case of fire, people are evacuated from the building by stairs located in 34, 10-11 axes.

Technical and economic indicators of space-planning solution of the building

a) building area 631.33 m2

b) construction volume 11693.64 m3

c) usable area 1992.67 m2

d) working area 1008.6 m2

e) K1 = working area = 0.506

useful area

f) K2 = building volume = 11.59

working area

Structural solutions of the building

1.3.1. Bases

The foundations are designed in accordance with SNB 5.01.0199 "Bases and foundations of buildings and structures." Rules for the production and acceptance of works. "

Soils of bases shall be protected from humidification by surface water, as well as from freezing during construction. Laying of foundations on frozen soil is not allowed.

Lay prefabricated foundation slabs on a leveled base. After laying the foundation slabs, it is necessary to check their horizontality by leveling, fill the gaps between them with soil with careful ramming.

Laying of foundation slabs should be started from lowered sections, at the same time in places of differences of foundation base it is necessary to make preparation from rammed sand with crushed stone with thickness of 50 mm for overlying slabs, laying them on top of preparation.

Bottom of foundation slabs at elevation 4.200, except for specified ones.

Foundation elements that are not anchored to layout axes should be arranged symmetrically.

Horizontal waterproofing of external and internal walls at elevations 0.400 and 2.800 shall be made of two layers of G-ST-BP-pp/pp-4.0 STB 110798 material glued together and aligned with cement mortar, base surface, bitumen mastic. Vertical waterproofing of walls should be performed by coating with bitumen in 2 times, with total thickness of 4 mm.

To protect the basement from groundwater, perform adhesive waterproofing of the basement walls. Concrete flow rate for monolithic sections of class C12/15 1.1 m3, reinforcement flow rate of class S50053kg.

1.3.2. Walls

For the relative elevation of 0.000, the level of the clean floor of the 1st floor is taken, which corresponds to an absolute elevation of 142.0 in the Baltic altitude system.

The thickness of the external walls is adopted 640 mm, the internal - 380 mm.

The external and internal walls of the building are designed from ceramic brick, hollow, thickened according to STB 116099 on cement plasticized mortar. In protruding parts, it is mandatory to use full brick.

Work on the construction of brick structures shall be carried out in accordance with SNiP 3.03.0187 "Load-bearing and enclosing structures" and TKP 451.03-40-2005 "Safety in construction." External surfaces of external walls shall be lined with face brick of Minsk KSM STB 116099 with careful stitching.

Walls with ventilation channels are made of KR 100/15 as per STB 116099 on M50 cement sand mortar. External and internal walls are made of M100 brick on M50 cement sand mortar.

During masonry of walls lay anchors for fixation of floor panels in the specified places. Masonry the walls of the overlying floors only after installation, anchoring and soaking of slabs of floors of the underlying floors. All wooden products are covered with fire-retardant composition OKGF as per TU RB 28614941.003960.331l/m2

The sutures in the masonry shall be thoroughly filled with mortar. Work on laying multilayer brick walls on flexible links is carried out in accordance with the PDP developed by the contracting organization.

As the insulation of the external walls, accept - polystyrene foam GOST 155888 PSB-25 with a thickness of 100mm. Insulation is installed in masonry during the construction of walls. Masonry of the insulation in the walls in a humidified state or with mechanical damage is not allowed.

1.3.3. Partitions

Partitions with thickness of 90mm in bathrooms shall be made from KR.U100/35 STB1160-99 on M50 cement sand mortar in the basement room made of SRU 100/15 STB 12282000 brick on M50 cement sand mortar. The remaining partitions in the room are also made of gas silicate blocks, with a thickness of 100mm.

The partitions are attached to the walls and floors in accordance with the typical parts of the 22301 series, item 5. To ensure the required sound insulation of the premises, special attention should be paid to careful sealing of the seams, clearances and holes in the partitions.

1.3.4. Roof

In this building, the roof is designed flat. The roof shall be made in accordance with the instructions: NSS 5.08.012000 "Roofs. Technical requirements and acceptance rules of SNiP 3.04.0187 "Insulation and finishing coatings." SNiP 3.03.0187 "Bearing and enclosing structures."

Perform leveling bracing for the water insulation carpet in accordance with the instructions of SNB 5.08.012000, n.5.22, 5.23, 5.25. The humidity of the base must be not more than 5%. Bases moistened with mildew or rain are thoroughly dried.

The humidity of the insulation and the underlying layers during the installation of the water insulation carpet shall comply with the requirements of NSS 2.04.0197.

Roof units shall be accepted as per P103 to STB 5.08.012000 "Roofing Design and Arrangement."

The roof adjoins the parapets with mechanical attachment of the apron from steel galvanized sheet to a height of not less than 250 mm from the roof surface.

Drainage from the roof - organized by internal drains

Heat Engineering Calculation

1.4.1. Calculates the thickness of the exterior wall insulation.

• for polystyrene foam

We accept thickness of insulation 0.1 m.

We specify the design heat transfer resistance of the wall Rt:

External enclosing structures shall have heat transfer resistance Rt, m ² • ° C/W equal to economically feasible Rt.ec, but not less than the required heat transfer resistance Rt.tr, and not less than the normative heat transfer resistance Rt.nom.

To determine the calculated winter ambient temperature, we calculate the thermal inertia of wall D. It is:

According to Table 5.2 of TKP 452.04-43-2006 for enclosing structures with inertia 4 < D ≤ 7, the average temperature of the coldest three days, determined as the arithmetic average of the temperatures of the coldest day and the coldest five days with a security of 0.92, should be taken as the calculated winter outside air temperature. From Table 4.3 of TKP 452.04-43-2006 for Brest region the estimated winter temperature will be

We determine economically feasible resistance to heat transfer:

Because the estimated refined heat transfer resistance of the wall Rt = 3.27 m ² • ° C/W is more than the required heat transfer resistance Rt.tr = 0.785 m ² • ° C/W and more economically feasible heat transfer resistance Rt.ek = 2.51 m ² • ° C/W, this design meets the requirements of TKP 452.04-43-2006.

1.4.2. Calculates the thickness of the attic floor insulation.

In accordance with Table 4.1 of TKP 452.04-43-2006, the design temperature of the internal air is 18 С, the design relative humidity is 50.

Humidity mode of rooms in accordance with Table 4.2 of TKP 452.04-43-2006 - dry, operating conditions of enclosing structures - A.

Calculated values of thermal conductivity and heat absorption coefficients s of attic floor materials are taken as per Table A.1 of TKP 452.04-43-2006 and are given in Table 6

Standard heat transfer resistance Rt of norms for attic floor according to Table 5.1 of TKP 452.04-43-2006 is 3.0 m ² • ° С/W.

The thickness of the heat insulation layer is determined from the condition Rt = Rt of the norm.

where in = 8.7 W/( m ² • ° С) (from Table 5.4 of TKP 452.04-43-2006);

Determine the thickness of the insulation

We accept the thickness of the insulation 0.15 m.

We specify the design heat transfer resistance of the attic floor Rt:

External enclosing structures shall have heat transfer resistance Rt, m ² • ° C/W equal to economically feasible Rt.ec, but not less than the required heat transfer resistance Rt.tr, and not less than the normative heat transfer resistance Rt.nom.

To determine the calculated winter outside air temperature, we calculate the thermal inertia of the attic floor D. It is:

According to Table 5.2 of TKP 452.04-43-2006 for enclosing structures with inertia of 1.5 ≤ D < 4, the average temperature of the coldest 3 days with coverage of 0.92 should be taken as the calculated winter outside air temperature. From Table 4.3 of TKP 452.04-43-2006 for the Brest region, the estimated winter temperature will be 25 ° C.

We determine the required heat transfer resistance:

We determine economically feasible resistance to heat transfer:

Since the calculation of the enclosing structure is carried out according to the maximum of the determined values ​ ​ of the heat transfer resistance (Rt.tp = 1.24 m ² • ° C/W; Rt.ek = 1.44 m ² • ° C/W; Rt.norm = 6.0 m ² • ° C/W); then the accepted overlap design with resistance Rt = 3.27 m ² • ° С/W meets the requirements of TKP 452.04-43-2006.

1.4.3. Calculation of ceiling insulation thickness above the basement.

In accordance with Table 4.1 of TKP 452.04-43-2006, the design temperature of the internal air is 18 С, the design relative humidity is 50.

Humidity mode of rooms in accordance with Table 4.2 of TKP 452.04-43-2006 - dry, operating conditions of enclosing structures - A.

Calculated values of thermal conductivity and heat absorption coefficients s of basement floor materials are taken as per Table A.1 of TKP 452.04-43-2006 and are given in Table 7

In this calculation, the vapor insulating film and the adhesive mastic interlayer are neglected.

The normative resistance to heat transfer Rt of the norms for overlapping above the unheated basement according to Table 5.1 of TKP 452.04-43-2006 is accepted according to the calculation, providing the difference between the floor temperature and the air temperature of the first floor room not more than 2 ° C.

We accept thickness of insulation 0.1 m.

According to Table 5.2 of TKP 452.04-43-2006 for enclosing structures with inertia of 1.5 < D ≤ 4, the average temperature of the coldest 3 days with coverage of 0.92 should be taken as the calculated winter outside air temperature. From Table 4.3 of TKP 452.04-43-2006 for the Brest region, the estimated winter temperature will be -25 ° C.

We determine the required heat transfer resistance:

where n = 0.6 for floors above unheated basements without light openings in the walls (from Table 5.3 of TKP 452.04-43-2006);

in = 8.7 W/( m ² • ° С) (from Table 5.4 of TKP 452.04-43-2006);

Δtв = 2 ºC (from table 5.5 TKP 452.04-43-2006).

The thickness of the heat insulation layer is determined from the condition Rt = Rt tr.

Determine the thickness of the insulation

We accept the thickness of the insulation 0.1 m. Since it corresponds to the previously accepted one, it is not necessary to recalculate the value of thermal inertia.

We specify the design heat transfer resistance of the floor above the basement Rt:

zot = 187 days (from Table 4.4 of TKP 452.04-43-2006);

tn from = 0.2 ° C (from Table 4.4 of TKP 452.04-43-2006);

Cm = 285,000 rubles/m ³ (see annex B);

= 0.052 W/( m • ° C).

Since the calculation of the enclosing structure is carried out according to the maximum of the determined values ​ ​ of the heat transfer resistance (Rt.tp = 1.48 m ² • ° C/W; Rt.ek = 1.45 m ² • ° C/W;); then the accepted overlap design with resistance Rt = 2.56 m ² • ° С/W meets the requirements of TKP 452.04-43-2006.

1.6. Sanitary equipment of the building.

Engineering equipment:

• Heating - central with automatic control.

• Ventilation - exhaust with natural motive.

• Water supply - central, with local water heating.

• Sewerage - central, gravity.

Calculation of multi-stop slab

2.1.1. Source data.

To calculate and zakonstruirovat a hollow plate of overlapping of the office building with nominal sizes B = 1.5 m; L = 4.2 m. Concrete of class C 20/25, working reinforcement of class S500. Class under the terms of operation - XC1.

Calculation of lintel above doorway

2.2.1. Source data.

Calculate and finalize the prefabricated reinforced concrete lintel to cover the door opening in the self-supporting wall with the following data:

- residential building;

- the width of the doorway in the light lsv = 1010mm;

- thickness of brick wall 380mm;

- concrete of class C 16/20;

- a class under the terms of operation - XC1;

- the load on the lintel is accepted from brickwork with a height of 1 m.

We accept the typical jumper 9PB1637p (l = 1550mm, b = 120mm, h = 190mm). The amount of sealing in the wall is 270mm.

The condition is fulfilled, therefore, the strength of the compressed concrete along the inclined compressed strip between the inclined cracks is ensured.

We check the condition:

Force perceived by concrete

Projection length of the most dangerous inclined section

The condition is met.

Projection length of inclined design section linc, cr

The following conditions shall be met:

Load bearing capacity along inclined crack is provided.

2.2.6. Check the jumper for mounting forces.

In the installation stage, its own weight acts as an external load on the jumper.

Mounting loops are located at a distance of a = 300 mm from the ends of the bridge.

Load from jumper own weight:

The strength of the bridge on mounting forces is ensured.

2.2.7. Calculation of mounting loops

We determine the load from the own weight of the jumper.

By catalog jumper volume: V = 0.035m3.

P = V × sound× αf × k g = 0,035 × 1.35 × 25 × 1.4 = 1.65 kN;

k g = 1.4 dynamic factor.

When lifting the jumper, its weight can be transferred to 2 loops.

One loop force:

N = P/2 = 1.65/2 = 0.83 kN;

We determine the cross-sectional area of one loop from reinforcement class S 240.

fyd = 218 MPa;

Ast = N/fyd = (0.83 × 103 )/218 = 3.81 mm2;

We accept the loop Ø 6 S240; Ast = 28.3 mm2.

Calculation of the tape foundation for the outer wall

2.3.1. Source data.

Determine the load on the building foundation, the main dimensions, calculate and finalize the structure of the ribbon precast reinforced concrete foundation for the external wall of the building with the basement. Soil - fine sand, medium density, wet H = 17.4. Construction area - Brest.

2.3.2. Determination of cargo area, foundation depth and basement depth.

2.3.4. Calculation data.

We find the value of dimensionless coefficients:

Composition, purpose, design of PPM

At the design stage, the PIC is performed by the design organizations, and at the stage of detailed documentation the PPR is placed by the construction organizations. The construction organization project determines by what forces and means, in what sequence and in what time frame the preparatory and basic construction works should be carried out. It reflects the procedure for providing construction with material, labor, money resources, it is planned to have and place temporary buildings and structures of temporary networks. The project for the production of works is part of the PIC and clarifies, and detolizes the decision of the adopted PIC.

Routing

Task list is a text and graphic document that defines the process of performing a separate type of construction and installation work, including special ones, on a specific site, taking into account its characteristics, and is designed for a specific work manufacturer. The regulatory framework for the development of maps is the existing regulatory and technical documents, ENiR, departmental and local progressive norms and prices.

3.2.1 Scope.

The technological map was developed for masonry and installation work during the construction of a five-story building in the city of Ivatsevichi. The work is carried out by a complex team of masons, in the summer in two shifts using a tower crane. Works are carried out under normal conditions. Working shift duration is 8 h.

The following types of construction processes are considered by the routing:

1. Masonry of external walls is multilayer with insulation and air layer on flexible connections with thickness of 640mm.

2. Laying of external walls is simple of effective brick, 380mm thick

3. Masonry of internal walls made of ceramic effective brick, 380mm thick

4. Arrangement of brick partitions of ceramic single, thickness 120 mm.

5. Construction of brick partitions of ceramic single, thickness 280mm

6. Arrangement of partitions from single cellular blocks, 120 mm thick

7. Installation of jumpers up to 0.3 t.

8. Laying of slabs with area equal to 5m2.

9. Laying of slabs with area equal to 10m2

10. Laying of slabs of coating area up to 5 m2

11. Laying of slabs of coating area up to 10 m2

11. Installation of stair flights with half-site more than 1 t.

12. Installation of staircase railings.

3.2.2. Regulatory References

The routing is performed in accordance with the regulatory documentation:

1) RDS 1.03.022003 "Process documentation during construction and installation works. Composition, procedure of development, approval and approval of Job Instructions "

2) TKP 451.03-40-2006 "Labor safety in construction. General requirements "

3) TKP 451.03-06-01.2009 "Organization of construction production"

4) SniP 3.03.0187 "Bearing and enclosing structures"

5) STB 11.6099 "Ceramic brick and stones"

6) STB 11.1798 "Wall blocks of cellular concrete. Specifications "

7) STB 13.072002 "Construction solutions. Specifications "

8) GOST 15.5886 "Polystyrene Foam Boards. Specifications "

9) STB 11.0398 "Fiberglass reinforcement. Specifications "

10) STB 11.6999 "Elements of railway ladders. General Specifications "

11) GOST 13.05.083 "Concrete and railway structures and products. General Specifications "

12) GOST 95.6191 "Concrete slabs for buildings and structures. Specifications "

13) GOST 94884 "Railroad lintels for buildings and structures with brick walls. Specifications "

14) PPB0586 Fire Safety Rules for Construction and Installation Works

3.2.3 Characteristics of the main materials and articles used

For masonry walls, use ceramic full-white thickened brick. As external lining use hollow face thickened ceramic brick. For masonry of partitions in bathrooms use ceramic single hollow brick. Brick shall comply with STB 116099. Face brick frost resistance shall be F35. Dimensions of brick 250x120x65 thickened 250x120x88.The limit deviations from nominal dimensions and shapes shall not exceed the following values:

Transport bricks with trucks in packages laid on pallets. Brick loading and unloading shall be performed mechanically by means of load-gripping devices. Store bricks in open warehouses in continuous single-tape stacks in 1-2 tiers.

Prepare the solution in accordance with the requirements of GOST 2801389. Bring the MS353 screw with a capacity of 3 cubic meters to the construction site by car dump truck in dry form, unload it into the mixer reloader, mix it with water, supply it to the work place in boxes with a capacity of 0.25 cubic meters. The mobility of the solution mixture must be 7-8 cm. Consume the solution mixture for 1 hour from the moment of manufacture (mixing with water).

Use polystyrene foam slabs PSBS25 as thermal insulation in walls. Plates shall comply with GOST 1558886. Plate thickness 100, length 1500, width 1500. Foam polystyrene plates are delivered to the facility by covered vehicles, stored in closed warehouses.

Fiberglass bonds corresponding to STB 110398 are delivered by any mode of transport in packages weighing up to 25 kg, bandaged with twine. Store in closed warehouses.

- materials and products subject to mandatory certification must have a certificate of conformity;

- materials and products. Subject to hygienic registration., must have a certificate of hygienic registration

3.2.3.1 Definition of nomenclature and scope of work

3.2.4 Organization and procedure of works execution

The following works shall be performed prior to the commencement of construction of internal and external brick walls:

- delivery of construction machines, equipment, tools and accessories to the site;

- brick harvesting on floors at work places.

The construction of the internal walls is carried out by a link of masons: a mason of the 3rd category and a mason of the 2nd category; and external: mason of the 4th category and mason of the 2nd category;

3.2.4.1. Selection of work methods

Work on the construction of the above-ground part of the building should be carried out using a tower crane. Prior to the commencement of work, the facility shall be provided with the necessary stock of materials for the masonry of walls and reinforced concrete structures for three days of work. Work to conduct an integrated team of masons and installers. External walls are made with links of three people, internal walls and partitions - with two people. Lay reinforced concrete floors with a link of 4 people. For masonry of walls and partitions, divide the floor by height into 2 tiers of 1.44m. The first tier is made from floors, the second tier is made from scaffolding. Masonry of the tier is more than 1.2m to perform using undergrowth.

Multilayer masonry of the external walls is carried out as follows: to erect the external part of the wall with a thickness of 120 mm to the height of the insulation plate, as the wall is erected, to establish flexible connections in it. Lay out the interior of the wall with a thickness of 380mm.

Before laying slabs, you must define the elevation of the installation horizon (that is, the top of the wall) with a leveler. Decompose on the wall a layer of solution with a thickness of not more than 2 cm. If the mounting horizon is not maintained, lay the grades (linings). Lay the first plate from the scaffold, the rest - from previously laid plates. Immediately after placing the slabs, perform their anchoring with the walls and with each other and pour concrete on the seams. Before laying the jumpers, check the elevation of the installation horizon, decompose the layer of solution with a thickness of up to 2 cm.

3.2.7 Quality control and acceptance of works

During brickwork, the quality of brick, mortar, reinforcement, embedded parts should be monitored. It is controlled by external inspection, inspection of passports before the start of wall masonry.

The correct separation of the axes is checked by steel roulette before the start of masonry. Displacement of axes by 10 mm is allowed.

Geometric dimensions of masonry (thickness, openings) are checked by steel roulette after every 10 m of masonry. Deviation in thickness of structures 15 mm, in width of openings 15 mm.

The quality of masonry joints is checked with a steel ruler, a 2-meter rack after every 10 m of masonry. Average thickness of horizontal seams is taken as 12mm (1015mm), vertical 10mm (815mm).

The position of the jumpers, support, placement, sealing is checked by a steel ruler or visually after installation of the jumpers.

Acceptance control of stone works is carried out in accordance with SNiP 3.03.0187 "Bearing and enclosing structures"

3.2.8. Safety, health and environment.

Stonework Safety Requirements

The most common reasons for stonework are:

- absence of fences;

- falling from the height of materials and tools;

-musor in the working area;

- violation of material storage rules;

- violation of the rules of materials supply to the work site;

- dropping empty pallets, enclosing grids from scaffolding;

- violation of the rules of operation at altitude;

- application of imperfect and unstable forests, scaffolding;

- work without personal protective equipment.

The safety of stone works shall be ensured by the following labor protection decisions:

- organization of workplaces with indication of design and place of installation of necessary scavenging devices, load-gripping devices, containers and containers;

- sequence of works performance taking into account ensuring stability of constructed structures;

- determination of structure and places of installation of collective means of protection against human fall from height and fall of objects near the building;

- determination of safety belts attachment points;

- additional safety measures to ensure the stability of masonry in the cold season.

Masonry of walls is permitted from scaffolding, scaffolding or floors, at that height of tier is accepted so that level of masonry of belts of each movement of scaffolding means is not less than 0.7 higher than level of working flooring or floor. If it is necessary to produce masonry below this level, it is necessary to use enclosing (melting) devices, and if they cannot be used, a safety belt.

The walls of each upper floor of the multi-storey building shall be laid after installation of load-bearing structures of the inter-floor floor, as well as platforms and marches in staircases.

When laying external walls of buildings with a height of more than 7 m from the internal scaffolding, it is necessary to distinguish the hazardous area along the entire perimeter of the building with a rarefied panel fence with a height of 1.2m in accordance with the requirements of GOST 23407, and with a height of up to 7 m - with a signal fence and safety signs in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.4.026.

The boundary of the hazardous area is established for the entire period of building erection taking into account its height and is determined by the table.

When feeding bricks, ceramic stones, blocks, facing tiles to the workplace, it is necessary to use pallets, containers, grips and other devices that prevent the load from falling during lifting.

During the period of natural thawing and hardening of the solution in stone structures. Made by the freezing method, they should be constantly monitored.

During electrical heating of masonry, heated areas must be protected and monitored by an electrician.

Safety requirements during installation works

The main causes of injuries during installation work are:

- drop of mounted items and mounting devices from a height;

- failure or malfunction of mantage shutdown or mechanisms;

- non-compliance with the work execution technology;

Safety of installation works is ensured by implementation of the following decisions on labor protection:

- determination of crane grade, installation place and hazardous areas during its operation;

- ensuring safety of workplaces at height and passages to them;

- determination of the process sequence of the structures installation;

- ensuring stability of structures and parts of the building during installation;

- list of all the accessories and process shutdown required for safe operation;

- methods of cargo slinging;

- methods and places of storage of large elements (blocks, columns, trusses, etc.);

- determination of places of installation of collective means of protection against human fall from a height;

- definition of schemes and methods of assembly of structural elements;

- determination of safety belts attachment points.

Persons under 18 years of age who have undergone a medical examination, training under a special program, passed an exam and have a certificate are allowed to perform installation work.

Slinging of elements and structures shall be performed by serviceable, tested and having tags and marks on testing with inventory slings or specially designed load-gripping devices. Elements and structures shall be supplied to the installation site in a position as close as possible to the design one.

Signals are sent to the crane operator only by one person (foreman, link, rigger-slinger), except for the "Stop" signal, which can be sent by any employee who has noticed the danger.

The mounted elements should be installed in two receptacles: first to a height of 0.2-0.3m, then, after checking the reliability of the stack, perform further lifting.

When structures or equipment are moved, the distance between them and protruding parts of the mounted equipment or other structures shall be at least 1 m horizontally, and at least 0.5 m vertically. The rigger shall accompany them and ensure that there are no people under the load to be lifted and moved. At the same time, the rafters must not hold on to the elements or structure with their hands, it must go sideways, in a safe area outside the contour of the element being installed from the side opposite to the supply. It is allowed to turn, prevent spontaneous turning or swinging of the load only with the help of flexible braces.

When erecting the frame buildings, it is allowed to mount the next level of the frame only after installation of enclosing structures or temporary enclosures on the previous level.

Installation of timber marches and platforms of buildings and structures shall be carried out simultaneously with installation of building structures. Permanent or temporary barriers shall be installed immediately on mounted stairways.

During installation of structures of buildings (structures), the installers must be located on previously installed and reliably fixed structures or scavenging facilities.

It is forbidden to stay on elements of structures and equipment during their lifting and movement.

Mounted mounting platforms, ladders and other devices necessary for the operation of the installers at height should be installed and fixed on the mounted structures before their lifting.

Use inventory stairs, transition bridges, and fence ladders to move the installers from one structure to another.

It is forbidden to switch the installers along the installed trusses, registers, etc., without the use of special safety devices (stretched along the truss or rope crossbar to secure the safety belt carbine).

Places and method of rope attachment and length of its sections must be specified in the PPR.

When installing the enclosing panels, it is necessary to use the safety belt together with the safety device.

It is not allowed to find people under the mounted elements of structures and equipment until they are installed in the design position.

Installation and welding of the first slabs and coatings should be carried out from scaffolding and cradles, and subsequent - from neighboring, previously installed slabs. During the period of being on the plates, welders and installers must use the safety belt, fastening to the mounting loops or a specially tensioned rope.

The hazardous area shall be designated according to the height of the cargo to be lifted and shall be marked with clearly visible safety signs.

It is forbidden to perform installation works at height in open places at wind speed of 15 m/s or more, ice, thunderstorms and fog, which excludes visibility within the scope of works front.

Work on the movement and installation of vertical panels and similar structures with high sailing speed must be stopped at a wind speed of 10 m/s or more.

Hinged metal ladders with a height of more than 5 m shall be enclosed by metal arcs with vertical connections and securely attached to structures or equipment. Workers shall be allowed to climb the hinged stairs to a height of more than 10 m if the stairs are equipped with recreation platforms at least every 10 m in height.

In the area (gripping) where installation works are carried out, it is not allowed to perform other works and find unauthorized persons.

Construction Schedule

The planned schedule of construction - documentary model of construction production in which establish the rational sequence, sequence, terms of performance of separate construction works and processes on each object.

3.3.1 Purpose and design procedure, initial data of the schedule.

Source Data:

1. regulatory documents

2. design and estimated documentation

3. data on the capacity of the construction organization

The schedule shows the linkage of technological processes in time and space, the system of supply and consumption of resources is determined.

In order to build the building in a short time and with the best technical and economic indicators, it is necessary to find solutions and choose the most appropriate one. To do this, the construction process is presented in the form of a model, which is served by a schedule, which is a technological and organizational model of the construction of the object since it interlinked all the construction and construction work performed in a certain sequence and precisely assigned dates. The schedule covers all construction from prepared to commissioning works.

When developing calendar plans, regulatory requirements for quality, labor protection, environmental protection are taken into account.

According to the calendar plan, the total duration of the construction of facilities is determined, the need for material and labor resources is determined. Delivery dates of materials, products, equipment, operational planning are carried out, daily, monthly, quarterly, ready-made plans are drawn up.

The duration of the construction of the object according to the calendar plan should not exceed the standard one.

Schedule Design Procedure:

- project analysis is carried out (design and estimate documentation is studied).

- arrange the nomenclature of processes

- quantities of work are calculated, for this the estimate is used, specification

- work methods and main construction machines are selected

- the machine operator's labor costs are calculated

- Determine the duration of individual work and its timing.

Initial data for scheduling:

1. working drawings, objects

2. estimate

3. SETTLEMENT

4. information on the timing and procedure of deliveries of structures, materials, equipment, types and quantity of machines and mechanisms intended for use, and on working personnel.

5. Job Instructions

3.3.2 Nomenclature of works by cycles.

Preparatory cycle

1. Cutting of vegetable layer

2. Site layout.

Underground cycle

3. Excavator excavation: - to transport

- to take out.

4. Laying of foundation cushions with weight up to 0,5 t

5. Laying of foundation cushions up to 1.5 t

6. Laying of foundation blocks up to 0.5 t

7. Laying of foundation blocks up to 1.0t

8. Laying of foundation blocks up to 1.5 t

9. Installation of dressing vertical waterproofing of foundations in 2 times

10. Arrangement of horizontal waterproofing of foundations

11. Filling under basement floors

12. Construction of concrete floors

13. Laying of slabs with area of up to 5 m2

14. Laying of slabs with area of up to 10 m2

15. Backfilling of sinuses with bulldozer 96 kW

16. Compaction of soil with pneumatic rams.

Above ground cycle

17. Masonry of external walls of three-layer structure on flexible links

18. Laying of external, simple walls

19. Masonry interior walls of ceramic efficient brick

20. Arrangement of partitions of their cellular blocks.

21. Installation of jumpers with weight up to 0.3t

22. Installation of marching platforms weighing more than 1t

23. Laying of slabs with area up to 5m2

24. Laying of slabs with area up to 10m2

25. Steam insulation device.

26. Mineral wool plate insulation device

27 Bracing device 40mm thick

28. Installation of 15 mm thick brace

29. Installation of ribbed coating panels up to 5 m2

30. Installation of ribbed coating panels up to 10m2

31. Roll roof arrangement

32. Arrangement of window blocks with area from 1 to 1, 5m2

33. Arrangement of window blocks with area from 1.5 to 2m2

34. Arrangement of window blocks over 3 m2

35. Sealing of joints

36 Door Block Arrangement

Finishing cycle

37. Heat and sound insulation device

38. Cement-sandwich bracing device with thickness of 40mm

39. Waterproofing device

40. Improved Wall Surface Plaster

41. Facing walls with ceramic tiles

42. Ceiling patching

43. Patching of wall surface at a time

44. Wall lining with wallpaper

45. Parquet floor arrangement

46. Ceramic tile flooring

47. Board Floor Arrangement

Special cycle

48. Sanitary works

a) rough b) finished

49. Electrical works

a) rough b) finished

50. Landscaping and landscaping

51. Preparation of objects for check-in and check-in

52. Other works

3.3.6 Schedule of workers movement.

The schedule of workers is built under the main plan by directly calculating the number of workers employed daily. With uniform organization of work, there should be a uniform employment of workers, that is, there should be no jumps and swings.

3.3.7 Delivery schedule of materials, structures and products.

It is the basis for the picking and delivery of building materials and structures to the facility. The modern level of construction requires the delivery of materials and structures in a comprehensive manner in accordance with the technological sequence of the work in accordance with the deadlines stipulated by the calendar plan.

3.3.8 Schedule of construction machines and mechanisms.

This schedule shows the employment of various installation machines and mechanisms at the site according to the construction stages.

3.3.9 TEP of the schedule.

1. Construction duration factor:

CRC = TDP/TNR

TPR - designed construction period

TNOR - standard construction period

CRC = 202/205 = 0.98

2. Registration factor:

KC=∑t/T

∑t - sum of duration of individual processes

T - duration of construction in days

CC = 518.65/203 = 2.55

3. Shift factor:

КСМ=(t1a1+t2a2+…+tnan)/(∑t1+t2+…+tn)

a1, a2, an number of shifts during specified works

t1, t2, tn duration of individual processes in days

КСМ=(1*6+1*6+2*15+1*2+1*1+2*2+2*3+1*1+1*1+2*67+1*12+1*22+1*9+1*30+1*38+1*2+1*16)/289=1,28

4. Human consumption factor - days on 1m3 buildings:

KPM = Q/VDD = 4377.03/11160.43 = 0.4

Q- Total Labor

VZD- building volume

5. Uneven coefficient:

Kn = Nm/NCP = 43/34 = 1.20

Construction and Master Plan

The construction plan is designed on the basis of the general plan:

It is necessary to follow the design rules:

Object Construction Plan is 1:200, 1:500 scale

Strogen plan is linked to the general plan

The construction site in populated places and on the territory of the current state is fenced, and in places of passage of people it is equipped with a protective visor.

The construction plan shows hazardous areas from the building and from the operation of installation cranes.

Dimensions of hazardous areas:

With the height of the possible fall of the object up to 10 m, for cranes 4 m, for the building from 1.5 to 3.5 m. From 10 to 20 m for cranes 710 m, for buildings 3.55 m. Over 20 m for cranes 710m, for buildings 57m. Temporary open wiring for lighting is carried out on poles and supports, which are installed after 2540m. The lower point of the wire is at least 2.5 meters above the workplace, 3.5 meters above the passage and 6 m above the driveways.

Lighting fixtures for lighting the site are connected to the network with voltage of 220V and installed at a height of not less than 2.5m, at a distance less than 2.5m voltage of 36V. At the entrance to the construction site, a traffic scheme is established. Speed 10 km/h in a straight line, 5 km/h at turns. Width of temporary roads with one-way traffic 3.5m, with two-way traffic 6m. Rotation fillet radius 1218 m. With one-way traffic, the distance between the road and the warehouses is set at 3 m.

Materials, structures on the storage site are stored in accordance with the requirements of their storage. Closed warehouses are located outside the hazardous area. Carpentry products can be stored in the crane area in the form of a stack covered with shields or ruberoid.

Domestic premises, recreation areas for workers, temporary roads should be located outside hazardous areas.

3.4.1 Composition and purpose. Design Procedure

1. Design and estimate documentation, in particular materials included in the PIC and PPM. 2. Master plan for the construction or reconstruction of the facility with existing buildings, structures, roads and engineering networks applied.

3. Schedule plans for construction and execution of works for the main and preparatory periods. 4. Summary schedule of daily demand for workers.

5. Schedule of receipt and consumption of main construction materials, semi-finished products, parts, products, structures and equipment.

6. Schedule of requirements for basic construction machines and vehicles.

7. Layout diagrams for geodetic constructions and measurements.

The construction plot plan is designed in the following sequence:

1. Display on the plan of buildings and structures under construction, permanent roads and underground communications;

2. Plotting of construction cranes with indication of working and hazardous areas;

3. Calculation of areas and display on the plan of temporary warehouses of materials, structures, equipment, etc.;

4. Calculation of areas and selection of typical temporary buildings or structures, their display on the plan;

5. Design and display on the plan of the network of temporary access roads;

6. Calculation of demand for temporary power supply, tracing of power and lighting networks, application of power supply points to the plan;

7. Calculation of the demand for temporary water supply, displaying on the plan of networks of temporary water supply and sewerage;

8. Display on the plan of protective devices (fences of transition bridges, floorings, etc.);

9. Calculation of technical and economic indicators of the construction master plan.

A hazardous area is installed along the perimeter of the building under construction, the width of which depends on the height of the possible fall of the cargo:

- 010 m - 1.53.5 m;

- 1020 m - 3.55 m;

- 2070 m - 5-7 m.

The hazardous area for people during movement, installation, fixation of the structure must be with clearly visible signs.

The boundary of the crane hazardous zone is determined by the horizontal distance from the possible fall of the cargo and is equal at the height of the cargo lift:

- 010 m - 0-4 m;

- 1020 m - 4-7 m;

- 2070 m - 710 m.

Temporary external wiring at the construction site should be performed with insulated wire on reliable supports, so that the lower point of the wire is at a height of at least 2.5 m above the workplace; 3.5 m - above the aisles and 6 m - above the aisles. Distance between supports 1540 m.

At the entrance to the construction site, a traffic scheme should be established. The width of temporary roads at one-way traffic is 3.5 m, at double-sided - 6 m. The radius of rounding is 1530 m. The entrances to the building under construction should be protected from above by a continuous canopy with a width of at least the width of the entrance and a length within the hazardous area of ​ ​ the crane. Materials and products are stored on the construction site according to the storage rules and at a distance of more than 0.5 m from the road. Closed warehouses of construction materials are placed near the border of the hazardous area of ​ ​ the crane. Sanitary facilities and recreation areas for workers, as well as footpaths, should be located outside hazardous areas.

3.4.2 Calculation and selection of temporary buildings and structures

In order to reduce the length, communications, wiring, temporary domestic premises of the building are located concentrated outside hazardous areas with observance of fire breaks. Domestic premises are located in groups of no more than 10 pieces. Groups of houseboats are located at a distance of 18 m from each other. The possibility of placing housings in existing buildings should be applied.

3.4.3. Calculation of storage areas

Open warehouses shall be located in the crane area in accordance with its carrying capacity. A closed warehouse is selected for the inventory MC with dimensions in the 3x9m plan. The materials are stored in it in accordance with the schedule of the corresponding works, taking into account the standard stock of the required consumption.

3.4.4. Calculation of temporary water supply

Temporary water supply is solved as follows:

1. The volume of consumption is determined

2. Set quality requirements

3. Source selected

4. Intake, cleaning devices and breeding mains are designed.