Course project on "Technical support of livestock production on the topic:" Mechanization of the line of primary milk processing at MTF for 200 heads of cattle with modernization of OM - 1A "

Contents

INTRODUCTION

1 CALCULATION AND DESCRIPTION OF TRUSS GENERAL PLAN

1.1 Description of the General Plan

1.2 Calculation of herd dimensions and structure

1.3 Calculation of water demand

1.4 Calculation of daily and annual feed requirements

1.5 Calculation of storage volume for other feed

1.6 Calculation of manure yield and manure storage size

1.7 Determination of areas of pit areas

1.8 Calculation of daily and seasonal requirements for bedding material

1.9 Selection of main and auxiliary buildings and structures

2 PROCESS PART

2.1 Justification of Milk Cooler Cleaner

2.2 Calculation of hourly capacity of milk primary processing line

3 DESIGN PART

3.1 Device and work of cleaner cooler of OM-1A milk

3.2 Calculation of tightening bolt thread strength by cut stress

CONCLUSION

LIST OF SOURCES USED

APPLICATIONS

Project Description

The explanatory note consists of 32 pages of printed text and contains 9 tables, 3 figures, 8 names of used literary sources, annexes and 8 sheets of graphic material.

The purpose of the work is the mechanization of the feed preparation line at MTF 200 cows with the modernization of the primary milk treatment line.

Keywords: complex, mechanization of processes, milking, primary milk treatment, calculation, cooling, separation.

The project defined the structure of the livestock, established feeding rations in accordance with the task, calculated the required amount of water, feed, manure output, storage volume, installed the required areas for keeping livestock, selected the necessary mechanization facilities.

In the design part, it is proposed to replace the plates in the heat exchanger of the cleanser - milk cooler OM-1A. Modernization will improve the heat exchanger, increase thermal performance and improve flow distributions in the heat exchanger.

Introduction

The development of the agro-industrial complex at the present stage is based on accelerating scientific and technical progress, a powerful material and technical and energy base.

An increase in agricultural production is impossible without its partial rearmament. The quantitative and qualitative growth of technology allows to consistently introduce complex modernization and automation of technological processes based on specialization and concentration of production in the conditions of restructuring.

One of the most important indicators of the development of agricultural production is the output of high-quality marketable products. The industrialization of the agro-industrial complex on the basis of intersectoral ties and increasing its efficiency will eliminate the imbalances in agriculture, as well as eliminate large losses of products during its production, transportation, storage, processing and sale. In the context of restructuring, it is necessary to improve the form and organization of production, improve its planning and management .

Intensification of the livestock sector of agricultural production through the introduction of achievements of scientific and technological progress is a complex process covering all economic aspects and having a great impact on the increase in gross output, reduction of its cost and increase of the profitability of the industry.

To solve the problems in the field of mechanization, electrification and automation set for the agro-industrial complex, technically trained and qualified specialists with professional knowledge are needed

Selection of main and auxiliary buildings and structures

The dairy farm is a single construction and technological set, including the main and auxiliary production, warehouse and auxiliary buildings and structures.

The main production buildings and structures include cow houses, calf houses, buildings for keeping young people of various ages, maternity departments, gavel and pot-and-feed areas, milking rooms, artificial insemination points, and feed centers.

Auxiliary facilities include facilities for sanitary and veterinary services for animals, car hangers, water supply, sewage systems, electric and heat supply, internal driveways with hard surfaces and fences.

Storage facilities include fodder warehouses, bedding, inventory, manure storage, sites or canopies for the storage of equipment .

Auxiliary structures include office and household premises: offices, dressing rooms, washbasins, showers, toilets.

In accordance with the structure of the livestock and the classification of main and production facilities, we produce, using passports and catalogs of typical projects, we select objects of appropriate purpose for MTF for 200 cows:

veterinary and sanitary pass for 30 people, no. 807‒32;

storage of concentrated feed with capacity of 100 tons, no. 817‒159;

senage trench, no. 811‒37;

silo trench, no. 811‒37;

root storage for 1000 tons, no. 813‒76;

transformer substation, no. 407‒3‒108/75;

fire tank 6 m3, No. 901‒413;

cow for dry cows with maternity ward for 30 places, no. 801‒130/70;

cow for 200 cows of unrelated content, no. 219‒243;

30-seat petrol barn, no. 801‒122;

feed shop with capacity of 10 t/h, No. 801‒255;

milking room with capacity of 8 t/day, no. 801‒5‒25‒85;

water tower with a capacity of 25 m3, №t.p.901‒520/70;

two manure reservoir with a capacity of 1000 tons, no. 801‒315;

Desbarrier, No. 807‒11‒4;

outpatient clinic with a hospital for 20 places, No. 807121;

a canopy for storing hay with a capacity of 500 tons;

insulator for RNC for 20 seats, No. 807117.

Process Part

2.1 Rationale for using milk cleaner-cooler

Primary processing of milk on the farm is carried out in order to preserve its properties until delivered to consumers or dairy plants. The technology of primary processing of milk on farms and complexes includes the following main processes: metering of milk, cleaning, cooling and storage of milk before sending to the dairy industry. When milking cows in installations with a milk pipeline (ADM8, ADS-1), the primary treatment of milk is carried out during milking. Milk is pumped through the cleaner-cooler and supplied to the cooling tanks (TOM2A, SM-1250, SL1600, MKA-2000, etc.) for storage (followed by post-cooling).

It is known that the immediate cooling of fresh milk to a temperature below 100C is an essential condition for maintaining its valuable nutritional qualities. The use of refrigeration machines for this purpose requires high energy costs (up to 40 kWh of electricity for cooling one ton of milk), a high cost of servicing them .

Currently, two types of refrigeration units are used for cooling milk on dairy farms of the Republic of Belarus:

using artificial cold throughout the year;

using natural cold during the winter season.

Each of these units can operate autonomously or together with an automated control system.

Milk cleaning and cooling equipment is usually part of modern milking plants with milk wire.

The most progressive centrifugal cleaning of milk in cleaners, the main part of which is a rapidly rotating drum. Under the action of centrifugal force, dirt particles are thrown to the walls of the drum and gradually accumulate there. The space in the drum between the walls and the plates is called mud. The milk cleaner works normally until its mud space is filled with so-called separator mucus. The continuous life of the milk cleaner is about two to three hours. Usually, centrifugal milk cleaners are equipped with plate coolers, which ensures the initial cooling of milk to + 4... 6 ° C. The productivity of centrifugal milk cleaners increases when milk is heated to a temperature of 40... 45 ° C.

In accordance with GOST 1326488 "Cow's Milk," fresh milk should be cooled to within 2 hours from the moment of milking.

About 10,000 dairy cooling plants of various brands are operated on dairy farms of the republic, the average service life of which exceeds 15 years. The operation of such machines is accompanied by high electricity consumption, frequent failures, leading to losses in milk quality, high operating and maintenance costs. In order to increase the efficiency of their work, this project has developed a modernization of the OM1A milk cleaner-cooler.

The use of the upgraded OM1A allows: to reduce the specific consumption of electricity for cooling 1 ton of milk during operation to 5 kWh and 8 kWh, respectively, to increase the service life of the compressor condenser by 3040 %//.

We will compose the process diagram of milk milking and primary processing in the dairy unit. After a molokopriyemnik of the milking machine, milk is pumped over by the dairy pump NMU6 through cleaner cooler (first step of cleaning). Milk cooling will be carried out in two stages. At the first stage, milk will be cooled from 32 to 18˚S, at the second stage from 18 to 6˚S. At the first stage, the purifier-cooler OM-1A will be used as a cooling device. As a coolant, we will use artesian water (in the spring-summer period) or water cooled with a seasonal milk cooler (in the autumn-winter period). At the second stage, the TOM-2A cooling tank is used as a cooler. If necessary, pasteurization of milk is carried out using a long-term pasteurization bath VDP300.

Conclusion

The purpose of the course project is to develop technical proposals for the modernization of the milk primary processing line at the cattle farm with a population of 200 heads, the selection of a master plan and the main production room. In the course project, a cow feeding diet was chosen.

Modernisation of milk cleaner - milk cooler OM-1A is proposed by replacing standard plates in heat exchanger with horizontal arrangement of channels on plates with V-shaped arrangement of channel, which ensures improvement of heat exchanger thermal characteristics and improvement of flow distribution in heat exchanger.