Ventilation and air conditioning

Explanatory note to the ventilation and air conditioning project of the PSK hull from GLINA.

Baseline and main provisions

The working ventilation design is made on the basis of architectural and construction drawings, the design of the OM stage "P," the customer's wishes and taking into account the existing construction codes and rules:

- SNiP 41012003 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning"

- SNiP 31032001 "Production Buildings"

- SNiP 31052003 "Public administrative buildings"

- SNiP 2.09.0487 * "Administrative and domestic buildings"

- SNiP 23032003. Noise protection

- SNiP 2-1.02-85 * "Fire Standards"

- SNiP 210197 "Fire safety of buildings and structures"

- SNiP II379 * "Construction heat engineering"

- SNiP 230199 "Construction climatology"

- MGSN 2.0199 "Energy saving in buildings"

The design parameters of outdoor air are adopted in accordance with SNiP 230199 for the city of Moscow as follows :

For the heating and ventilation system in the cold season Tn = 28 ° С; Jn = 27.8 kJ/kg;

For ventilation systems in warm period: Tn = 22.3 ° С; Jn = 49.4 kJ/kg;

For air conditioning systems in the warm season: Tn = 28.5 ° С; Jn = 54 kJ/kg;

The basis for the working project is the project (stage "P") 0116.6.1OV, Section 6, Volume 1 "Heating, Ventilation and Conditioning" of the plant for the production of plastic profile near the village of GUBTSEVO, NaroFominsky district, Moscow region.

Key Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Solutions

Heating.

The heating and heating project is discussed in Section OB2.

Ventilation.

Separate ventilation systems are provided in the production and storage building for the following rooms: production workshop, administrative and production premises of the workshop, finished products warehouse.

The ventilation scheme of the production shops and the finished product warehouse is adopted "from above - from above": with the distribution of supply air from the upper zone to the served zone by vortex diffusers with 6 blades of the AX6MA400 Madel type with manual adjustment of the jet range (in the position of 45 °, at ΔT = 0 ° С, L2000 m ³/h jet range N = 8.5 m, s. V = 0.2m/s), and with air displacement from the rooms through light-aeration anti-aircraft lights in the roof, with opened framings with electric drive. The multiplicity of air exchange in these rooms is taken according to the calculation for assimilation of heat inputs and harmful impurities.

The laboratory premises, the briefing room and working rooms with single workplaces are supplied with the amount of outdoor air calculated at 60 m ³/h per person when he is in the Room for more than 2 hours, and 20 m ³/h per person when he is in the room for a short time (appendix M SNIP 41012003). Air removal is provided in these rooms by forced ventilation systems, and partially due to overflow into the workshop. In rooms with an air exchange of less than 80 m ³/h, only inflow is provided with displacement of air through the leaks of the doorways. In accordance with the requirement of Table 19 of SNiP 2.09.0487 *, the exhaust flow rate of 50 m ³/h by air flow from the workshop through overflow grates was accepted in the men's bathroom for one room of the toilet. In the utility room, 1-fold air exchange is provided by drawing directly from the room with air flow from the workshop. Ventilation scheme of rooms "from top to top." Ceiling diffusers DPUS125 Arktos with manual adjustment are used as air distributors. Exhaust systems use universal diffusers DPUK125 (100) Arktos, and in the bathroom and utility room DVS 100 DEC. Rooms with the release of harmful or smelling impurities in the air have a negative imbalance of air exchange. For the B10 system serving the battery charging room, a centrifugal fan is used for aggressive media with a spiral one-way suction housing, with an explosion-proof engine. The fan is mounted on the roof.

Ventilation and air conditioning systems include: 17 plenum ventilation systems P3 - P19 (ten of them have supply air heating), five exhaust systems B8 - B12, one air conditioning system (multiple air conditioner "split system") K1, as well as six air-heat curtains assembled from Thermozone Frico horizontal monoblock HTZ (Sweden) with water calorifer type WAC 401 (total 7 pieces) and WAC 402 (total 9 pieces). All plenum ventilation units are straight-through, without performance control. Part of the plenum ventilation units P13P19, due to the tasks, do not have the function of heating the plenum air. P13P18 systems are used for air strangling of workplaces of production workshops in the warm period of the year. The P19 system supplies supply air to the waste processing site in order to assimilate heat inputs. It works in 2 modes: in the warm period of the year, the air for inflow is taken from the outside, and in the cold - from the workshop. Control, monitoring and protective functions of automatic control and control systems apply to all ventilation equipment.

External air intake grilles of plenum ventilation units are located on the heads of ventshats on the roof. For ease of operation, ventilation equipment of three manufacturers was used: Rosenberg, Systemair and Arktos. Diffusers of the AX6MA400 Madel type are manufactured in Spain. Their purchase is possible in Germany or through a Moscow supplier.

Conditioning

In accordance with the Customer's requirement, the K1 air conditioning system with maintaining a comfortable temperature in the room is designed only in rooms No. 2 and 22 of the laboratory. As the conditioning devices of the K1 systems, a multiplate system with an inverter external SCM 80 ZFS unit from Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (Japan) on the R410A freon, and with internal caste blocks STM 25 (35; 60) ZFS, with their placement under the ceiling. The multiplate system K1 has the function of a heat pump. The external unit is placed on brackets on the internal wall of the workshop under its roof, at elevation + 7.000. Warm air from it enters the upper zone under the roof of the workshop, where it is freely removed through light-aeration anti-aircraft lights.

The operation of the K1 air conditioner is year-round, using the cooling function and the heating function at any ambient temperature.

The cassette units are equipped with washing air filters G2 and drainage pumps for lifting condensate from the internal units by the difference to the level of the drainage system. They require maintenance. The drainage routes from the air conditioners are made of floor with inch copper pipes in thermal insulation from rubber "KAIFLEX ST 9 x 12" ISO 9002, assembled in headers - PVC pipes d32. Drainage is drained to the sewer, through the nozzle above the siphon under the shells for washing hands in the laboratory room. Gasket - under ceiling with slope of 0.02.

For freon lines (gas and liquid), copper pipe d6.35 and d12.7 (d9.52 for small internal units) in rubber insulation "KAIFLEX ST 6 x 9 and 10 x 9" ISO 9002 is used. Laying under the ceiling, and outside the serviced rooms - in steel closed trays.

Noise protection

According to the requirements of noise protection, plenum ventilation units are located at a significant distance from the workplaces in the workshop. They are designed in a noise absorbing housing with a wall thickness of 40 mm (in the passage between the workshop and the warehouse, some ventilation units have a housing with a wall thickness of 20 mm). Sections of air ducts coming from ventilation installations to the roof are equipped with noise silencers. Accordingly, the exhaust fans on the roof are low noise, with a reduced rotation speed, or in a noise absorbing casing, or with a noise absorber on the exhaust.

To protect the premises from noise, ventilation equipment, which is a source of increased noise, is located outside the serviced premises, in the utility room or on the roof. If it is impossible to place it in a shelter or outside the building, such ventilation equipment (P2) is provided by the project in a noise insulated building. In addition, such ventilation equipment is located behind the set ceiling of corridors and halls.

The following technical measures are provided to prevent the penetration of noise and vibrations from working fans into working rooms:

fans are used with 4 (and 6) pole motors, i.e. with a reduced number of revolutions;

connections of fans with air ducts are made through flexible inserts;

noise silencers are installed from the side of blower delivery and suction channels;

ventilation equipment is accepted with acoustic characteristics that meet permissible standards.

Air conditioners are selected with a minimum level of sound power. The internal blocks are located under the ceiling of the rooms, and have several speeds of operation, with a reduced sound level.

Automation of ventilation and air conditioning systems

All ventilation and air conditioning systems shall be fully automated. This project provides only for the preparation of technical specifications for automation of ventilation systems.

Automation provides for the regulation, control and protection of all elements of plenum ventilation units and exhaust fans. To automate the systems, use as much as possible ready-made control units with analog controllers, supplied with ventilation equipment or separately. Automation panels (control units) should be able to connect to the general dispatching system of the plant with transmission of information on the state of ventilation systems and emergency situations to the dispatcher console, as well as data on commercial accounting of thermal energy.

Automatic monitoring and control system shall have manual and automatic control and provide:

monitoring of the status of fans and control units in general: "On/Off";

informing about exceeding the permissible range of temperature values in controlled points, failure and overload of ventilation units and fans;

provide automatic, remote and manual control of framings with electric drive of anti-aircraft smoke removal lights in the roof and fire-retarding valve of P9 system (when the air duct crosses the fire-retarding wall);

provide the laboratory premises with the required temperature conditions for the work of the people in them;

protection of engines of plenum and exhaust fans against overload and overheating;

provide for automatic shutdown of ventilation systems in case of fire.

In addition, automation must provide:

switching over of "Automatic - Manual - Remote" operation modes;

control and maintenance of supply air temperature;

protection of the water heater from freezing through air and water: it is provided to disconnect the power supply of fans of plenum ventilation plants with automatic unconditional closing of air intake valves and active protection of the heater;

provide preliminary heating of the heater during starting of the plenum ventilation unit with a temporary delay;

provide protection of HSE gate calorifers from freezing (monitoring through capillary thermostat through air), and by means of constant controlled leakage of coolant through bypass in "Stop" position;

limitation of maximum coolant flow through HSE heaters and automatic limitation of upper limit of water temperature in reverse to 70 ° С (or value set by the user);

monitoring of air filters of plenum ventilation units;

ensure simultaneous operation of supply and exhaust fans of the corresponding ventilation systems (concerns only laboratory ventilation, battery recharging room, waste processing area);

provide automatic switching on (off) of supply and supply ventilation in UCS from programmable weekly timer;

provide protection against short circuits and overloads in electrical circuits;

To maintain a comfortable air temperature in the laboratory premises, the K1 air conditioning system was designed using a multiplate system with an inverter external unit. The automation of the air conditioner operates autonomously, and sets the current power of the air conditioner, ensuring that the specified temperature in the rooms is maintained with the required accuracy.

Fire fighting measures

When fire alarm sensors are activated, automatic disconnection of supply and exhaust ventilation and air conditioning systems is provided, as well as automatic opening of framugs with electric drive of anti-aircraft smoke removal lights in the roof of the workshop and the UCS warehouse, which can also be switched on from the corresponding start buttons remotely and manually.

Smoke removal is provided only in production shops in finished goods warehouses.

The design provides for a fire-retarding valve of the KLOP-1 type with an electric drive from BELIMO (1 pc.) On the air duct d560 of the P9 ventilation system at the intersection of the fire-retardant fence between the workshop and the warehouse. When a fire hazard signal is received or when moving air is heated to 72 ° С, this valve must automatically close the air duct P9.

Energy efficiency

The project provides for the following energy-saving technical solutions based on modern heating and ventilation technology:

effective thermal insulation of heating and heat supply pipelines;

equipment of ventilation and air conditioning systems by means of control and automatic regulation of parameters;

installation of balancing control valves on main pipelines of heat supply;

installation of air-heat curtains at exit gates.

Atmospheric air protection measures

In accordance with the current regulatory acts, the project provides for measures to ensure the cleanliness of the atmospheric air of settlements, as well as air at the intake openings of the ventilation system.

In order to improve the dispersion of harmful substances in the atmosphere, flare emissions are provided in exhaust ventilation systems that remove harmful and unpleasant substances. This activity is achieved by using special roof fans with vertical air emissions.

Intake openings of plenum systems are separated from emission sources by a distance of not less than 10 m horizontally.

The results of the calculation of the surface maximum concentration for harmful substances contained in emissions are given in a separate volume 1, section 7 "Environmental protection." Characteristics of emerging hazards are given in Table 3.8.5 "Local suction from process equipment."

Installation Instructions

Installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems should be carried out in accordance with SNiP 3.05.0185 "Internal Sanitary and Technical Systems," SN 47880, as well as SNiP 3.01.0185, SNiP 41012003, standards, technical conditions and instructions of equipment manufacturers.

Use metal ducts made of galvanized steel of class "P" as per GOST 1491880, with sheet thickness according to Appendix "N" SNiP 41012003. Parts of rectangular metal air ducts shall be connected by means of flanges on a 20x35 or 30x40 busbar. If the flange side is more than 350 mm, tighten their flanges additionally with clamp of clamping C20C, with spacing of 150200 mm.

The design provides for the connection of parts of air ducts of round section: up to d400 (inclusive) - on a nipple connection; and diameter higher than d400 - on flange connection. When manufacturing air duct parts, use rivets and screwdrivers. To seal joints, use combined sealant (silicone + acrylic) or silicone. Between flanges for sealing, lay a porous self-adhesive rubber strip 6x12 mm, and seal the joint with rubber cuffs or mating surfaces with a sealant, and after fixing with self-cuts or rivets from above wrap with aluminum tape (scotch tape) self-adhesive reinforced (AluR50x50).

The anchorages of horizontal metal ducts shall be located not more than 3.5 m apart. Do not attach braces and suspensions directly to duct flanges. Tension of adjustable suspensions must be uniform.

To attach rectangular air ducts, use galvanized 20x35 crossarms with suspension on studs M6 and M8 (length 2 m), and hang round crossarms on special suspensions and perforation tape (through bolts) of STD 32006. For attachment to metal construction structures be bolted through holes.

Bolts in flange connections must be tightened, all nuts of bolts must be located on one side of the flange. When installing bolts vertically, the nuts shall normally be located on the lower side of the connection.

The flexible air ducts shall be fixed to the branch pipes by means of clamp steel Multiband30 tape using Multiclamps worm locks.

Cover suction sections of plenum ventilation systems (outdoor air intake section) from the external enclosure of the housing to plenum ventilation units with heat-insulating mats of type "Isover KIMAl" (b = 50mm) or URSA M15-50F

Fix the heat insulation mats from the minwat on the air ducts by means of studs of self-adhesive (studs) Pinsa 042. Degrease the stud landing place with acetone or solvent 642 (647). Glue heat insulation joints from above with aluminium tape (tape) of self-adhesive reinforced (AluR50x50).

In the heat supply system, use pipes, fittings and other equipment made of black steel. Install horizontal and vertical pipelines of the system, refer to SNiP 3.05.0185. Apply identification painting and marking boards on heat supply pipelines, in accordance with GOST 1420269.

As air distributors of supply air in the production and storage part of the UCS, vortex diffusers of the AX6MA400 Madel type are provided with manual adjustment of the jet range. In accordance with the design, before mounting the blades of all AX6MA400 diffusers, set to the position of 45 °. Control supply air flow through diffusers by means of throttle valves during adjustment of ventilation systems.

Displacement of air ducts of plenum ventilation systems in the production and storage part of the UCS relative to the location indicated on the drawings in plan and in height is not permissible according to the conditions for the passage of air ducts in the plane of supporting roof trusses.

For ventilation systems, in addition to plenum ventilation systems of production shops, a slight change in the configuration of the ventilation network in place is allowed, if this is consistent with the surrounding construction structures and does not degrade the aerodynamic parameters of the ventilation network.