Heating, ventilation and air conditioning of commercial and commercial complex with underground autos

Contents

CONTENTS

Leaf

Heating, ventilation and air conditioning

General part

1.

Regulatory requirements

1.

Outside air design parameters

1.

Design parameters of internal air

1.

Design Factors for Indoor Air Exchange

1.

Design Factors to Determine Room Cold Flow

1.

Heat source

1.

Source of cold

1.

Noise level

Heating and heating of air heaters

1.

Heating and heating systems

1.

Heating, heating and cold supply system pipelines

1.

Airremoval

Ventilation and air conditioning

1.

Main rooms

1.

Car Parking

1.

Heating and ventilation equipment

Noise reduction measures

Automation of heating and ventilation systems

Fire Safety Measures

Energy efficiency

Key figures for Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning

ATTACHMENTS:

Appendix 1. Sheets

Data on indoor air exchanges

Appendix 2. Sheets

Calculation of air exchange for dilution of harmful substances emitted by motor vehicles

Appendix 3. Leaf

Room Heat Input Data

Appendix 4. Sheets

Characteristics of heating and ventilation systems

Appendix 5. Leaf

Refrigeration Center Schematic Diagram

Appendix 6. Sheets 1

Schematic diagrams of ventilation and air conditioning systems

Annex 7. Leaf

Piping units: air heater, air cooler, fan coil

General part

This Explanatory Note considers the provision of heating, ventilation and air conditioning to a commercial and commercial complex with an underground parking lot, located in the Northern Administrative District of Moscow at the address: ul. Butyrskaya, house 77.

The building, which houses the commercial and commercial complex, consists of underground and ground parts.

In the ground 12 storey part of the building there are :

On the 1st floor there is a store trading room, a cafe with auxiliary rooms, entrance groups and technical rooms.

On the 2nd floor, on the elev. 2.400 an entrance group of the office part is organized, including a passage/waiting area, an access control system, a pass office, a hall and a buffet at 29 seats. The shopping and office parts of the building have independent entrances from the street and evacuation exits. At elevation 2.400 there is a dining room for office employees at 50 seats. The dining room operates on semi-finished products of a high degree of readiness. At el. + 0.000 a cafe for 25 seats is designed, which has a separate entrance. It is also assumed that the dining room, buffet and cafes at elevation + 0.000 are served by one operator and therefore have single technological rooms .

Floors from 3-12 are intended for office space.

On the roof in axes "B" "K," "6" - "7," the project provides for the organization of an autonomous gas boiler room of the roof type.

Underground parking consists of two separated parking lots located under each other. Entrance to the first parking lot located at elev. -4.650, -7.950 is carried out along the ramp from elevation - 0.700. The second parking is located at elevation 11.250, which is accessed using a car lift, which is located at el. -1.800. Underground parking is connected to the above-ground part of the building by means of 2 elevators with a carrying capacity of 1000 kg, which go to elev. 2.400. One of the elevators, in addition to the usual functions, is designed for transportation of fire departments. The office part is served by two panoramic elevators located in the atrium and one service closed elevator, also intended for transportation of fire departments. The project also provides for 2 evacuation stairs, one of which has access directly to the street, the second through the lobby to the street .

The building has independent fire compartments:

- 3rd floor (elev. -11.250) - passenger car storage rooms with fire compartment area not exceeding 3000 m2;

-2 and -1 floors (elev. -7.950 and -4.650) - car storage rooms with fire compartment area not exceeding 3000 m2;

ground floors - a complex building with a floor area of ​ ​ about 1300 m2, representing one fire compartment.

1.1.1 Regulatory requirements.

Technical solutions of the project on heating, ventilation, air conditioning, heat supply, cold supply and smoke protection comply with the requirements of environmental, sanitary and hygiene, fire protection and other standards applicable in the territory of the Russian Federation.

The following regulatory documents were used in the development of the project:

GOST 12.1.005-88

"General sanitary and hygienic requirements for air in the working area"

GOST 30494-96

"Residential and public buildings. Indoor microclimate parameters "

SNiP 41012003

"Heating, ventilation and air conditioning"

SNiP 2.04. 0591*

"Heating, ventilation and air conditioning"

SNiP 23-01-99 *

"Construction climatology"

SNiP 21.02-99

"Parking"

MGSN 5.01-01

"Car parking lots"

SNiP 23-02-2003

"Thermal protection of buildings"

SNiP 2.01.0285 *

ed. 1991.

"Fire Safety Standards"

SNiP 23-03-2003

"Noise Protection"

SNiP 2.08.0289 * ed. 1993.

"Public buildings and structures"

SNiP 31052003 ed. 2004.

"Public administrative buildings"

MGSN 4.0494

with rev. No. 1

"Multifunctional buildings and com-plexes"

MGSN 4.1498

with rev. No. 1

"Catering facilities"

MGSN 4.13-97

"Retailers"

AVOK STANDARD

"Residential and public buildings."

Air exchange standards. 2002.

1

1.1.2 Design parameters of outdoor air.

Design outside air temperature (tH) and enthalpy (JH) are accepted according to SNiP 230199 * in Moscow:

- for ventilation systems:

in the cold period of the year tH = minus 28 ° C, JH = minus 26.8 kJ/kg;

in the warm season tH = 22.6 ° C, JH = 49.4 kJ/kg.

- for air conditioning systems:

in the warm season tH = 28.5 ° C, JH = 54 kJ/kg.

- for water heating systems:

outside air temperature tH = minus 28 ° C

heating period duration - 214 days

average temperature of the heating period - minus 3.1 wasps.

1

1.1.3 Design parameters of internal air.

Design temperature (tB), relative humidity (¼ c) and air velocity (VBH) in the serviced (working) area of the premises are accepted:

- for working rooms:

in the cold season: tB = 1822 ° C; VBH = 0.2 m/s;

in the warm period of the year: tB = 24 ± 2 ° С; ϕв = no more than 65%; VBH = 0.3 m/s;

- for technical and auxiliary rooms:

in the cold season: tB = 16 ° C; ϕв = no more than 75%;

in the warm period of the year: tB = up to 26 ° С; ϕв = no more than 75%;

- for underground parking:

during the cold period of year of tB = 5 °C, ϕв = no more than 75%;

during the warm period of year of tB = up to 26 °C, ϕв = no more than 75%.

1.1.4 Design factors for determination of air exchange in rooms.

Air exchange of rooms is defined by:

in working and administrative premises - for assimilation of heat wastes with check to ensure the supply of sanitary norm of outdoor air per 1 person per hour (at least 60 m3/h per 1 person. in office, administrative when people stay in them continuously over 2 hours and at least 20 m3/hour per 1 person. - with temporary (less than two hours) stay. The number of workplaces is accepted on the condition of 7.5 m2 of room area per 1 person;

in cafe premises - for assimilation of heat wastes with check of provision of outdoor air sanitary norm for 1 person per hour (not less than 30 m3/h per 1 visitor and 100 m3/h per 1 worker). The number of visitors is accepted by the number of seats;

in store trading rooms - for assimilation of heat wastes with check to ensure the supply of outdoor air sanitary norm per 1 person per hour (at least 20 m3/h per 1 visitor and 60 m3/h per 1 worker). The number of visitors is accepted based on the condition of 5 m2 of room area per person;

in domestic and auxiliary rooms - according to normative ratios;

in technical rooms - according to normative ratios or for assimilation of heat wastes;

in the underground parking lot - for assimilation of harmful substances emitted during engine operation, see annex 2.

See Annex 1 for indoor air exchange data.

1.1.5 Design factors for determination of cold consumption in rooms.

To create comfortable conditions in the premises, the cold consumption is determined based on the calculation of assimilation of heat supplied to the premises:

- from working people;

- from process equipment and organizational equipment that consumes electricity;

- from solar radiation;

- from artificial lighting;

- with external plenum air.

For the cold flow rate for the premises, see Annex 1.

6

1.1.6 Heat source.

A gas roof boiler house is designed for heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. For details, see the special. sections.

1

1.1.7 Source of cold.

To provide cold air conditioning systems, a refrigeration center is designed with the installation of 2 refrigeration machines (chillers).

One of the chillers is proposed to be installed with two air-cooled remote condensers.

Another chiller is proposed to be installed with two remote condensers with "dry" (ethylene glycol) cooling.

Cold consumers are:

- air coolers of air conditioners;

- zone fan heat exchangers (fencoyles).

Coolant for air conditioning systems and fenkoil accepted water with temperatures of 712 wasps.

Remote condenser plants with "dry" cooling are used to ensure cold supply of fencoyles in the winter period of the year, which allows using natural cold outside air. For this purpose installation of the heat exchanger cooling the water (712 wasps) circulating in a system with the intermediate heat carrier - 40%nym by ethylene glycol solution with temperatures of 611 wasps is provided in the system of cold supply.

In the warm period of the year, a heat exchanger can be installed in the circulation ethylene glycol circuit (chiller - "dry" cooler) in order to obtain hot water for the HVA system.

To equalize the operation of the refrigerating machine at low loads, a storage tank is provided.

1

1.1.8 Noise level.

The design provides solutions that provide the noise level in the premises that does not exceed the permissible values ​ ​ for heating and ventilation systems:

- in working rooms and rooms - 50 dBa;

- in rooms - 45 dBa;

- in technical rooms - 60 dBa.

Heating and heating of air heaters

1.2.1 Heating and heat supply systems

To calculate the heat load of the heating system, the following heat transfer resistance factors were adopted by the external enclosing structures: (according to the data of the section "Energy Efficiency "):

for walls - 3.3 (sq.m * OS) / W;

for a covering - 3.55 (sq.m * OS) / W;

for overlapping over the parking - 2.29 (sq.m * OS) / W;

for overlapping over journey - 3.09 (sq.m * OS) / W;

for glazing - 0.56 (sq.m * OS) / W.

The building heating and heat supply systems of the air heaters of the plenum plants and air conditioners are connected to the designed roof boiler room according to a dependent scheme. The coolant of heating and heat supply systems of air heaters of plenum plants and air conditioners (to calculate the heating surface) is water with temperatures of 9570 ° С.

Building heating systems with local heating devices are assumed:

in the premises of the above-ground left part of the building and the above-ground part of the building from 3 to 12 floors - two-pipe vertical, with upper wiring of the supply line. Water supply to side heating devices with coolant circulation by "superuvniz" device. It is proposed to use steel compact radiators (or convectors) of import or domestic production as heating devices;

for cafe and store premises - double-tube horizontal-vertical, with floor-by-floor wiring of supply and return pipelines to heating devices. Water supply to lower or side heating devices with coolant circulation by "superuvniz" device. Horizontal branch riser pipelines are laid in floor structures of the corresponding floor. It is proposed to use steel compact radiators (or convectors) of import or domestic production as heating devices;

in underground parking areas - two-tube horizontal, with floor-by-floor wiring of supply and return pipelines to heating devices. It is proposed to use registers made of smooth pipes as heating devices. The heating system maintains air temperature in the storage area of cars plus 5 wasps.

To control heat transfer, almost every device is equipped with a temperature controller that allows changing the heating power levels of the radiator, thereby creating comfortable conditions for individual rooms or zones. To equalize the water pressure in the system, balancing valves are installed on the riser branches.

Heating devices to the risers are connected through shut-off valves (valves) designed to disconnect individual devices from the system, empty them and fill them with water without disconnecting the entire system.

Above the central entrance to the building and above the entrance to the underground parking lot, the installation of air-heat curtains with electric heating is provided.

Air-heat curtains are delivered complete, with automation and control devices.

1.2.2 Pipelines of heating, heat supply and cold supply systems.

Pipelines of the above systems are made of steel water and gas pipes according to GOST 326275 * with a diameter of up to 57 mm and steel electric welded pipes according to GOST 1070491 with a pipe diameter of more than 57 mm, as well as bent sections and points of reinforcement connection.

Pipelines of horizontal branch-risers of heating systems laid in floor structures shall be made of metal-plastic pipes in protective corrugated pipes ("foot" type). At the same time, the offered temperatures of the heat carrier of 9570 wasps, at design engineering are required specifications.

All pipelines of cold supply systems of air coolers and fencoyles, heat supply systems of air heaters, main pipelines of heating system, pipelines laid in underground channels and at external doors, main risers of heating system are heat insulated by Armaflex pipe insulation material of Armstrong or Thermaflex company. Insulation thickness is taken by calculation.

The piping of air heaters and air coolers of plenum plants and air conditioners includes shut-off valves, and circulation pumps.

Shut-off control pipeline valves of heat supply systems are proposed for import production.

1.2.3 Air removal.

Air removal from heating and heat supply systems is carried out through air cranes (manual and automatic) and air sinks (manual and automatic) installed at the highest points of the systems. To remove air and lower water, main pipelines are laid with a slope (0,002... 0,003).

Ventilation and air conditioning

1.3.1 Main rooms.

To create the required standard parameters of internal air in the office premises of the building:

- in the cold period of the year - supply of heated outdoor air by central air conditioners and local cooling of recirculation air in fencoyles.

During the cold season, household humidifiers can be used to humidify indoor air.

- in the warm period of the year - supply of cooled outside air by central air conditioners and local cooling of recirculation air in fencoyles.

Operation of fan heat exchangers (fencoyles) provides individual temperature control for individual rooms or zones.

Characteristics and equipment of ventilation and air conditioning systems are given in Appendix 4.

The central air conditioners use a direct-flow air treatment scheme including:

- air cleaning in dry filters;

- in the cold period of the year - air heating in a water air heater;

- in the warm period of the year - air cooling in the water air cooler;

- noise suppression.

Channel-type noise silencers are installed on the air ducts of exhaust systems.

Air supply to the rooms is provided by adjustable grids and ceiling diffusers.

Air is removed from the rooms by exhaust systems through adjustable air terminals directly from the room.

Local air coolers, mainly of cassette or channel type, are installed in areas behind the set ceilings.

Recirculation air from the room to the air cooler is taken through the central part of the grid and, after cooling, is supplied to the room with filling jets.

In rooms where there is no possibility of placing air coolers in the areas behind the set ceilings, it is possible to install ceiling or wall type air coolers.

In rooms with a large area, to control the air temperature in the room in zones, several air coolers can be installed or one channel-type air cooler with an air distribution chamber is installed, from which cooled air is supplied through flexible air ducts to air intake grids to the corresponding zones.

1.3.2 Parking of cars.

For the ventilation of passenger car parking rooms, in connection with the allocated fire compartments, the following plenum installations are offered:

on -2 and -1 floors (elev. -7.950 and -4.650) - one independent plenum installation for each level-floor. Air ducts of plenum systems connected to each other by a jumper, on which a gate with an electric drive is installed;

on - 3rd floor (elev. -11.250) - 2 plenum units with 50% of the required air exchange. Installations work simultaneously. Air ducts of plenum systems connected to each other by a jumper, on which a gate with an electric drive is installed;

Plenum plants operate according to a direct flow scheme, since the project proposes heating with local heating devices.

Exhaust systems provide air removal from the lower and upper parking areas.

Air removal from the room is carried out by independent installations from each level-floor.

Characteristics of heating and ventilation systems are given in Annex 4.

1.3.3 Heating and ventilation equipment.

The heating and ventilation equipment (see Annex 4) used in the project complies with the latest standards and has high thermal and aerodynamic characteristics.

Plenum units and air conditioners are provided with the possibility of delivery of factory-made in the set:

with complete internal heat and sound insulation ,

with removable access panels;

with effective air purification filters;

with a complete set of control facilities, control, regulation and automation;

with air heater freezing protection system;

with installation of air heaters and air coolers of circulation pumps in the piping.

To create sound pressure level in the serviced rooms that does not exceed the permissible level, all ventilation equipment is equipped with noise reduction and silencing facilities.

Central plenum units are located in the ventilation chamber room. Mini plenum installation under the ceiling in the premises of the observation and security station. Plenum installation in the eating room - under the ceiling of the serviced room .

Exhaust units are located:

in ventilation chambers

in ventilation areas on the roof - low-noise roof fans;

in serviced rooms - channel fans.

Main air ducts of plenum ventilation, main cold pipelines and drain pipelines of fan heat exchangers are laid behind the set ceilings of corridors, halls and in communication shafts.

Air ducts to air terminals and exhaust air ducts from the rooms are laid behind the set ceilings of the serviced rooms. fan heat exchangers (fencoyles) are also installed there.

Air ducts of plenum and exhaust ventilation systems, within the serviced floor, shall be provided for class "P" of galvanized steel (GOST 1491880), thickness as per Appendix 21 SNiP 2.04.0591 *. Outside the serviced floor - made of black sheet steel (GOST 1990374) on solid weld and with fire-resistant coating - fire resistance limit according to SNiP 2.04.0591 *.

Transit sections of ventilation system air ducts outside the serviced floor shall be made of galvanized steel of class "P" with insulation by heat and heat protection coating "Oplot 11."

Air ducts made of black sheet steel, painted during manufacture with GF021 soil from inside and outside; after installation, air ducts without insulation are painted with PF115 enamel.

Characteristics of heating and ventilation systems are given in Annex 4.

Noise reduction measures

To achieve the regulated noise levels created by the operating equipment of the heating and ventilation systems in the premises, the following measures are provided:

placement of equipment in separate rooms having soundproofed enclosing structures for protection against noise penetration from these rooms to neighboring ones;

application of equipment with reduced noise level;

use of vibration insulated fans connected to air ducts by flexible inserts;

installation of noise silencers on plenum and exhaust ducts.

Noise level created by operating equipment of heating and ventilation systems does not exceed the permissible noise level for populated areas.

1