Coursework project for sanitary equipment of buildings

1.1. Selection of schematic diagram of internal water supply system

The task for which the water supply and drainage systems are designed is a residential building.

According to the design, we use a system with lower routing and open laying of pipelines.

1.2. Designing an Internal Plumbing System

The design of the internal water supply system consists in the selection of places for the installation of sanitary devices, the locations of risers, pipelines, dilution lines, inlets with water metering units .

Pipes and shaped articles made of polyethylene are accepted for internal cold water pipeline.

It is necessary to strive to ensure that the length of the supply to the devices is minimal, so the risers of the drinking water supply are located in the toilets.

The risers of the domestic and drinking water supply are indicated: St B11; St B12.

The supply from the risers to the water supply valves is laid along the walls and the pere-camp at a height of 0.2 above the floor with lifting of pipes to the water collection valves.

The dividing main line is laid along the capital walls in the basement 0.5 m below the ceiling .

Entry is arranged at right angle to building facade in basement. At the point of connection of the input to the street network there is a well with a valve and a trigger .

Water separation valves are installed above sanitary devices at a height, counting from the level of clean floor to the axis: 1,0 m - wash basin mixer; 0.6m - ball valve of low-position toilet tank.

1.3. Hydraulic calculation of internal water supply system

The purpose of hydraulic calculation is to determine the economic diameters of pipes and head losses in them when passing the calculated water flow rates, as well as the required head in the internal water supply system.

Hydraulic calculation for passing the maximum second water flow rate was made for the drinking water supply system.

The internal domestic drinking water supply system is designed in the following order:

- design (dictating) device is selected;

- design line is selected, which is divided into design sections;

- water consumption standards, number of sanitary devices and

the probability of their action;

- calculated water flow rates at each section, pipe diameters are determined,

water speed, head loss;

- selected type and size of water meter, defined head losses in it;

- the required head in the system has been determined, the question of necessity has been resolved

device for setting head increase.

1.4. Selection of design line

The designed internal water supply system provides the supply of an even flow rate of water with the necessary free head to the highest and most remote sanitary device from the input, which is called the design (dictating). In this case, it is a c/o for visitors, located on the 15th floor of the building.

The pipeline connecting the dictating device to the street water supply network is called the main line, which includes: supply to the calculation device, riser, part or all of the separation line, water metering unit and inlet. The design line is divided into design areas, the ends of which are points where the water flow rate, diameter or material of the pipe walls changes. Calculated sections are indicated by numbers placed at the beginning and end of each section.

For the input device, we also use polyethylene pipes inside the building.

1.7.1. Water Gauge Selection

The water meter is selected so as to ensure that the consumed water is taken into account through the internal water supply system. The diameter of the conditional passage of the water meter is selected based on the average hourly flow rate of water for the consumption period (day), which does not exceed the operational one accepted according to [1].

The counter with the accepted diameter of the conditional pass was checked for passing the maximum (calculated) second water flow rate for household and drinking needs, while the head loss in the counter does not exceed 5 m (maximum permissible value for wing meters).

1.7.3. Water meter installation

For newly built, reconstructed and overhauled buildings with a cold and hot water supply system, as well as only cold water supply, water meters should be installed at the inputs of cold and hot water supply pipelines to each building and structure, each apartment of residential buildings and on the branches of pipelines to shops, canteens, etc., rooms built or attached to residential; production and public buildings [1].

Meters should be installed in places with artificial or natural lighting and internal air temperature not less than 50С, convenient for readings and maintenance.

Impeller water meters are installed only in horizontal sections. On each side of the meters, straight sections of pipelines should be provided to ensure accuracy of measurements. At the ends of these sections, counting from the water meter, gate valves (valves) are located. A control valve is installed behind the water meter.

If there is one inlet in the building or the water meter is not designed to pass the fire flow, it is necessary to provide a bypass line with a gate valve at the counter, which in the normal operation mode of the water pipeline should be in a closed, sealed state.

2. design of internal centralized hot water supply system

When designing hot water supply systems for buildings, especially multi-storey buildings, centralized heat supply systems from the CHP are used with the installation of special water heaters located in the CTP (price center), which supplies prepared hot water to a group of buildings.

The networks are traced in the yard parallel to the buildings at a distance of at least 5-8 m depending on the height of the buildings, while it is possible to jointly lay cold water supply and heating networks with hot water supply in one trench.

All centralized hot water supply systems are designed with circulation pipelines (return pipeline), because in the absence of water collection (for example, at night), the water in the supply pipelines cools, and the consumer receives cooled water in the first period, which is drained into the sewage system without consumption, and heat and water losses occur. In residential buildings, hotels, hospitals, kindergartens, etc., circulation pipelines in hot water supply systems operate around the clock.

It is allowed not to provide for hot water circulation in centralized hot water supply systems with time-regulated consumption of hot water, if its temperature in places of water discharge does not decrease below the established one [1].

Hot water temperature at the water discharge points shall be provided for:

a) for district hot water supply systems connected to open heat supply systems - not lower than 60 ° C;

b) for district hot water supply systems connected to closed heat supply systems - not less than 50 ° С;

c) for all centralized hot water supply systems specified in subparagraphs "a" and "b" - not higher than 75.

The hot water pipelines provide for the installation of shut-off valves:

- on branches of pipelines to the group of risers and separate buildings;

- at the bases of supply and circulation risers in buildings above 3 ets;

- on branches of pipelines to separate rooms (apartments);

- on branches having five or more water separation points.

In residential and public buildings with a height of more than 4 floors, groups of water separation risers should be combined with ring bridges into sectional units with the connection of each sectional unit with one circulation pipeline to the collection circulation pipeline of the system.

Three to seven water separation risers should be combined into sectional units. Ring jumpers should be laid: in a warm attic; in a cold attic under a layer of thermal insulation; under the ceiling of the upper floor when water is supplied to water-discharge risers from below or along the basement when water is supplied to water-discharge risers from above.

Thermal insulation shall be provided for supply and circulation pipelines of hot water supply systems, including risers, except for water discharge devices.

Connection of water collecting devices to circulation pipelines is not allowed.

2.1. Hot Water System Calculation

Preliminary, based on the initial data and based on the made decisions on the design of the hot water supply system, an axonometric diagram is drawn. In the diagram, we plan the calculated sections, which we number and determine their length.

The design area is the pipeline where the coolant flow rate, i.e. hot water, does not change. The diameter of the pipeline in such a design area is assumed to be constant. The axonometric diagram shall depict the design line of the hot water supply system - the pipeline system from the most distant consumer (set of design areas) to the entry into the building (to the heat point).

For the input device, we use steel galvanized pipes with anti-corrosion bitumen insulation, and inside the building we use polyethylene pipes.

3. internal sewage system

3.1 Selection of internal sewerage scheme

When selecting the layout of the designed sewage system, first of all, you must establish the type of wastewater and the type of domestic and industrial processes. Accordingly, one or more internal sewer networks are designed.

In this case, we design one network, since only household wastewater takes place in the shopping center.

Types of sanitary appliances accepted for installation must ensure their usability, meet the requirements of sanitation and hygiene in accordance with the standards.

The method of laying sewage pipes is accepted as open.

3.2. Internal Sewer System Design

The design of the internal sewerage system consists in the selection of sanitary devices, sewage risers, branch lines and outlets.

Sanitary appliances and risers are arranged so that the length of the branch lines is the smallest. Branch lines are laid with a slope towards the riser. In this project, floor laying of branch pipes is adopted.

Risers are placed in the locations of the largest number of receivers - in bathrooms. Plans of sewage systems are combined with plans of water supply systems.

The sewer risers on the plan and diagram are marked with symbols: St K11, St K12, etc. The diameters of the sewage risers shall be at least the largest diameter of the branch line connected to this drain. To eliminate clogs on risers, a revision is established, two floors later on the third.

Household sewage networks are ventilated through extracts, which are brought 0.3 m higher than the flat non-operated roof of the building and end with cutting of the pipe without installation of a weather vane. The diameter of the exhaust pipe from one sewer riser is equal to the diameter of this riser.

The sewer riser ends with release. The risers transition to the outlet is carried out by installing two branches in series at an angle of 1350. You-start is located on one side of the building perpendicular to the exterior walls so that the length of the horizontal lines connecting the risers is minimal.

3.3. Construction of the yard sewer network

The courtyard sewer network is laid parallel to the courtyard facade of the building at a distance of 3.5 meters, counting from the external walls of the building to the axis of the trench. The network is laid so that the flow of waste liquid through the pipes goes in the direction of the slope of the earth's surface.

On the yard sewer network, inspection wells are provided at the connection points of the outlets, turns, and connections to the street network. In addition, a control well is installed, located at a distance of 1.5 m from the red building line.

The diameter of the wells is taken equal to 1.0 m. The wells are made prefabricated reinforced concrete. Ceramic tru-bs are adopted on the laying of the yard network. The diameter and slope of the pipes are determined by the calculation .

The yard sewage network on the general plan is applied with all inspection, portal and control wells, which are marked with symbols.

In this project, polyethylene pipes with a diameter of 150mm are used for laying yard sewage.

Чертеж.dwg