Power supply of the slonim poultry farm

Contents

INTRODUCTION

1 GENERAL PART

1.1 Characteristics of the farm

1.2 Characteristics of the design object

1.3 Selection of process equipment

1.4 Selection of power, type, number and location of transformer substations

1.5 Calculation of 0.4 kV networks

1.6 Calculation of short-circuit currents

1.7 Calculation and selection of power equipment

1.8 Electrical lighting design

1.9 Determination of electrical load at room entry

2 SPECIAL PART

2.1 Characteristics of the design object

2.2 Calculation of thermal-air mode of the room

2.3 Selection and design of heating and ventilation systems

2.4 Design of OBS ventilation system

3 LIFE SAFETY

3.1 Basic safety requirements for poultry farm installation

3.2 Basic safety requirements during operation of equipment at poultry farm

3.3 Design and Experimental Test of Zeroing Efficiency

3.4 Fire Safety

3.5 Life safety in environmental emergencies

4 ECONOMIC PART

4.1 Task setting, initial data

4.2 Power consumption planning of microclimate systems and energy consumption of the process

4.3 Technical and economic evaluation of heat supply options of the facility

Literature

Introduction

Modern agriculture belongs to large consumers of fuel and energy resources.

Heat supply is included in the system of engineering equipment of rural settlements and production facilities. Improvement of social and living conditions in rural areas, increase of productivity in livestock and crop production, improvement of fodder harvesting and use, etc. are inextricably connected with the development of heat supply and more complete satisfaction of heat needs.

Fuel and energy are used for heating, ventilation and hot water supply of residential, public and industrial buildings, for drying grain, seeds and feed, for heat treatment of agricultural products.

Significant territorial separation of municipal and industrial facilities, large unevenness of thermal consumption, shortage of fuel and energy resources requires a feasibility study when choosing a source and a heat supply system. Due to the increase in fuel consumption, it is necessary to use unconventional (secondary and renewable) sources of heat.

Improving heat supply systems, rational use of fuel and energy resources, reducing fuel and energy consumption are the most important tasks of the engineering service of rural settlements and production facilities.

Characteristics of the design object

The poultry house is designed to contain 4160 chickens. The building of the poultry house consists of a room divided into sections and utility rooms .

The bird is contained on the bedding under artificial lighting with a light mode adjustable according to a given program. Feeding and drinking processes at the poultry farm are mechanized on the basis of sets of equipment ZBK-20V. Poultry feeding is carried out by dry feedstuffs delivered from BSK-10 hoppers by auger to dosing hoppers of RTSh-2 feedstuffs, from where feedstuffs are supplied to hoppers by cable-and-wire conveyor.

The drinking of the bird is carried out from cup autopiloces.

To transfer manure to vehicles, conveyors based on scraper TSN-3.0-B are installed in the poultry house. After changing the number of livestock, the contaminated bedding is removed by conveyors and the poultry house is cleaned and disinfected by the DUK-2 automotive plant.

The building is designed in a plan with dimensions of 72 × 24 m and has seven rooms: a bird room, a utility room, a litter reloading room, two ventilation chambers, a bathroom, and a corridor. The lighting in them is artificial. The height of the rooms near the outer walls is 3 m.

Poultry houses of this type are made of expanded concrete panels with reinforced concrete floors and backfilling from gravel. The floors are also made of concrete, the doors are wooden, the partitions are brick.

All structures and products are accepted according to valid series and GOST. All wooden structures and products are protected from rot, damage by wood-destroying insects and fire by double application on the surface of the preparation BBK3, which is a mixture of borax technical and boric acid.

After completion of the finishing work, the internal surfaces of the external walls and structures, the coatings of the poultry house premises were subjected to hydrophobic protection with silicon-organic compounds in accordance with the "Recommendations for hydrophobic protection of the internal surfaces of enclosing structures of agricultural buildings with high humidity of the internal air with silicon-organic compounds (GKIIIL)."

Carbon steel connectors are protected against corrosion by zinc coating. The thickness of zinc metal coatings is from 120 to 150 μm, and those applied by hot galvanizing - from 50 to 60 μm. Protection of metal structures and parts is performed by paint and paint anticorrosive materials of EL773 type.

Safety requirements during installation

Electrical equipment at the poultry farm

Installation of electrical equipment is carried out by qualified specialists in compliance with safety requirements when working with tools. When installing electrical internal wiring of the poultry house, it is allowed to use an attachment ladder or ladder-ladder. The height of the staircase should not exceed 5 m. At a height of more than 7 m, fixed scaffolding is used. Ladders-ladders must be closed on a hook or chain that prevents their unauthorized expansion. To avoid accidental fall of the tool, you cannot leave it on scaffolding, forests. The tool is placed in a tool box or bag. Only persons who have been instructed are allowed to work at height, and at a height of more than 5 m, a medical examination is also allowed.

When installing electrical equipment, you often have to perform loading and unloading operations and use lifting mechanisms. You can lift electric machines only for the parts intended for this: rymbolts, hooks.

Pulleys of drives of fans with drive belts, boards of the turning mechanism must be closed with casings, and electric motors must be reliably busy. Before testing of rotating mechanisms, check attachment of fundamental bolts, engine idle operation, make sure that there are no foreign objects inside the equipment.

Before the first voltage supply to the equipment, check the insulation resistance by megohmmeter, it must not be less than 0.5 MOhm.

The first start of the poultry house electrical equipment can be made only with permission and in the presence of electrical personnel .

Installation of the lighting network should be carried out in two stages. At the first stage, prepare the wiring route, perform punching and fixing operations. During installation, cables and hoses should not interfere with the passage of people and the passage of vehicles. Before installation of group boards, lighting fixtures, it is necessary to verify the strength of the structures installed for them.

Additional precautions are required during the second stage of installation. When tightening wires or cables into pipes, the burrs must be removed first. Gripping the wire must prevent it from slipping under tension.

In rooms designed to store eggs and poultry meat, a low temperature is provided by a refrigeration unit. The machine is charged with chladone at the manufacturer. At the installation site, the pressure gauge checks the presence of excess freon pressure on the low-pressure side of the system. Start-up of machine is performed at unloaded chambers, then adjustment of thermostat is performed. Before mechanical testing of the equipment, it is necessary to familiarize all participants with the procedure and safety measures; check attachment of fundamental bolts and embedded parts, connection of electrical part of equipment; availability and serviceability of fences and launchers. Before starting the run-up, start the electric motor idle, check its correct rotation. During testing it is forbidden to perform repairs, eliminate installation defects. If the chladone leaks from the machine in the room, the ventilation shall be switched on; You can enter the room only in a gas mask and rubber gloves. It is impossible to use open fire or smoke in the room, since in the event of a freelance leak from the installation, it decomposes into poisonous substances when the fire is open. Only trained persons who have a certificate of this are allowed to install the refrigeration machine. When poisoning with chladone, it is recommended to breathe oxygen for 30... 40 minutes or inhale saturated alcohol.

Ventilation equipment shall not produce constant noise in the area operating more than 60 dB, so to reduce the noise level, fan motors are mounted on vibration bases and connected to the network by copper wire.

Basic Safety Requirements for

Operation of electrical equipment at the poultry farm

The room of the pump station in the electric safety class belongs to especially dangerous rooms, since it has a reinforced concrete floor and damp. Poultry houses belong to rooms with increased danger. In such rooms it is necessary to use electrical machines, cabinets with a degree of protection not lower than IP44 (it is allowed to change the degree of protection against moisture under environmental conditions). The same degree of protection should be provided for switches and detachable contact connections, the minimum degree of protection of lighting fixtures with filament lamps and fluorescent lamps - IP23. At the pump station of the second lift, the electric motors of the pump units are provided for. The introduction distributor is mechanically locked. Condition monitoring shall be performed at least once every three years by megaohmmeter (it shall not be less than 0.5 MOhm).

When servicing electrical equipment, it is necessary to observe safety rules and precautions that ensure the fault-free operation of electrical equipment and the safety of maintenance personnel. During operation of the equipment "Rules for technical operation of electrical installations of consumers" and "Safety rules for operation of electrical installations of consumers" should be followed. During operation of the equipment it is necessary to fulfill the following requirements:

- operation of electrical equipment shall be carried out in accordance with factory instructions and in accordance with applicable regulations, instructions and orders on safety and industrial sanitation;

- People who have studied the factory instruction and know the safety rules are allowed to work with electrical equipment;

- personnel engaged in work with electrical equipment undergo medical examination and instruction at admission to work and further repeated instruction at least once every 3 months;

- all parts and components of equipment under voltage must be closed;

- before preventive inspection it is necessary to remove voltage from electrical equipment;

- all electrical equipment enclosures shall be busy;

- use of non-standard fuses is strictly prohibited;

- the inclusion of electrical equipment in general and individual mechanisms must be warned by the persons present;

- mechanisms can be repaired and adjusted only when the common chopper on the power panel is turned off (at that the poster "Do not turn on! People work "), in addition, power shield fuses must be removed.

Do not turn on energized electrical equipment without attention. The control station door shall always be closed (open door shall not be operated).

All inspection, repair, cleaning of electrical equipment must be carried out at completely removed voltage. Remember that when the circuit breaker (AB) is switched off, its fixed contacts and terminal racks remain energized. You can service electric fans only after the engines are disconnected from the network.

Special care should be taken when working with devices containing mercury. Mercury vapors mainly poison the nervous system, so it is forbidden to use devices with damaged flasks, as well as collect mercury and fragments of damaged flasks with hands without gloves.

Additional grounding of electrical equipment is performed by connection of it with grounding circuit by means of grounding wire. Wire to equipment connection - bolted, to loop - welded.

During the process, there is a need for disinfection of eggs, containers, and equipment. Disinfection is carried out only in special sealed chambers equipped with exhaust ventilation and corresponding devices. The camera entrance must have a light display with "Do not enter, gasification" and "Ventilated camera" indicators. They shall be interlocked with the starting devices of the disinfection devices and exhaust ventilation, actuated with the chamber doors tightly closed and locked. Maintenance personnel performing disinfection must have a permit to work with disinfectants, and must also be familiarized with safe methods of work. At the workplace there should be an instruction containing data on safe methods of using disinfectants, effective methods of treating the skin of the human body in case of damage. Disinfectants that do not have an approved safety instruction shall not be used.

Works at the pump station for hydraulic and electrical equipment are carried out along with emergency works, inspections and preventive care of equipment, which are carried out by oral or telephone order with recording in the log.

Water supply shall be prevented to the place of work. In the equipment room of the pumping station, portable lamps with a voltage of 12 V. The floors of the engine room should be dry. Based on practice, the most common fault is the failure of the fan or pump motor. During repair, the replacement of brushes or their care can be performed solely without work in the order of current operation by specially appointed persons or maintenance personnel. At the same time, it is impossible to simultaneously touch the current-carrying parts of different polarities or current-carrying and grounded parts with hands, it is necessary to use dielectric pins or mats and tools with insulating handles, but not dielectric gloves.

During operation, it is not possible to remove the enclosure of the windings and cable funnels of the electric motor, as well as its moving parts. These fences should be designed so that they cannot be removed without a wrench or screwdriver. Motor and start-up equipment enclosures shall be occupied.

During repair works, the moving parts of the electric motor or the mechanism driven by it must be covered. In addition to disconnecting the electric motor, it is necessary to remove the fuse inserts of the fuses or lock the lever drives of the choppers, automatic machines or remove the handles from them and, in order to prevent rotation of the engine, from the side of the associated pump or fan, close the corresponding gate valves, tie them with a chain and put on them prohibition posters.

Conclusion

In this diploma project, the equipment of the heating and ventilation system of the Slonimskaya poultry farm is calculated. The equipment required for the process was selected.

For heating 2 steam-and-water heaters of KVSBPUZ and 2 E 6,3 1001 fans with AIR90L6/8 electric motors of Rn =1.5kvt are chosen;

Navozoudaleniye: one Rn AIR100L4 electric motor =4kvt, four Rn AIR80V4 electric motors =1.5kvt and one AIR90L6 of Rn =0.37kvt.

Calculation of internal lighting and external electrical networks was made. A closed type transformer substation with transformers of TM type of 250 kVA each was selected.

Labour and environmental protection issues have been developed. The economic justification for the use of steam-water calorifers has been completed and the feasibility of the adopted version has been proved.