Electrification of the poultry farm LLC "Mani" of the Lysogorsky district of the Saratov region - diploma

Contents

INTRODUCTION

1. PRODUCTION AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MANI LLC FARM AND STATE OF ITS ELECTRIFICATION

1.1.Productive and economic characteristics of Mani LLC farm

1.2. Characteristics of the electrification object

1.3. Poultry house electrification status

1.4. Conclusions under section

2. DESIGN OF POULTRY FARM ELECTRIFICATION OF MANI LLC

2.1. Justification of poultry content

2.2. Calculation and selection of feed machines

2.3.Farming and singing

2.4. Calculation and selection of equipment for hot and cold water supply

2.5.Dump harvesting

2.6.Luminary calculation of poultry house electric lighting with selection of lighting fixtures

2.7. Calculation procedure and selection of commissioning equipment, lighting and power panels

2.8. Method of selection of power and lighting wiring in poultry house

2.9. Conclusions under section

CHAPTER 3. SELECTION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT FOR MICROCLIMATE MAINTENANCE PROCESSES

3.1. The main parameters of the microclimate in the poultry house

3.2. Calculation of ventilation and heating plant

3.3. Control of microclimate in the poultry house

3.4. Calculation of fan electric drive

3.5. Select Infrared Heating Unit

3.6. Calculation and selection of irradiation units

3.7. Conclusions under section

4. CALCULATION OF ELECTRICAL LOADS

AND CALCULATION OF VL-0.38 kV

4.1. Power and lighting loads count

and power supply selection

4.2. Calculation of allowable voltage losses

4.3. Electrical calculation of 0.38 kV network on the computer

4.3.1 Method of calculation of the network on computers

4.3.2. Calculation algorithm

CHAPTER 5. TECHNICAL OPERATION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

5.1. Arrangement of installation and adjustment of electrical equipment

5.2. Determination of scope of electrical equipment operation in conventional units and number of maintenance personnel

5.3.Planning of operational works and

development of maintenance and maintenance schedules

CHAPTER 6. SAFETY OF LIFE ON FARMING, MANI LLC

6.1 Brief description of life safety works performed at the facility

6.2 Site Safety Analysis

6.2.1 Analysis of BJD indicators

6.2.2. Defining Categories of Designed Spaces

6.3.Development of accepted system of electrical safety methods and means

6.3.1.Recipitation of accepted system of electrical safety methods and means

6.3.2. Calculation of grounding devices

6.3.3. Selection of protective shutdown device

6.3.4. Lightning protection

6.4. Selection of primary fire extinguishing equipment

6.5. Production sanitation

6.6. Environmental protection

6.7 Conclusions on Section

CHAPTER 7. PROJECT FEASIBILITY STUDY

PROJECT FINDINGS

LITERATURE INDEX

APPLICATIONS

Introduction

Increasing productivity in agriculture, and therefore production efficiency, is possible only with maximum mechanization and automation, with a steady decrease in the share of manual labor. Reducing the share of manual and low-skilled labor is a prerequisite for economic growth. The growth of technical and energy armament of agricultural labor, the development of scientific research using modern scientific equipment, the achievements of semiconductor microelectronics and dispatch control provided comprehensive mechanization and electrification of the technological processes of agricultural production and prepared the necessary conditions for the integrated automation of almost all technological processes of agricultural production.

One of the areas of complex electrification is poultry farming, in it, as well as in animal husbandry, rather labor-intensive processes are concentrated.

The introduction of new machines in poultry farming requires additional investment, as well as the involvement of specialists with knowledge of modern technology in agriculture. Automation of agricultural production ensures reliable operation of electrical equipment and extends its service life, increases labor safety, increases the quantity and quality of the produced product, thereby reducing its cost.

3.1. The main parameters of the microclimate in the poultry house

Microclimate in a poultry building means a combination of physical, chemical and biological factors that have a certain effect on the development and functioning of the poultry body and its physiological state. The main criteria for assessing the environment where the bird is contained include temperature, humidity, speed of movement and chemical composition of air, its content of mechanical inclusions (dust) and microorganisms, illumination of the bird house. [7]

The air temperature in the poultry house should provide a balance in the poultry body between heat formation and heat transfer, that is, it should be in the range that ensures the metabolism at a constant level.

The average temperatures in this range for each species and age of the bird are different. For example, in cold periods of the year in poultry houses where chickens are kept - the temperature in the room should be within + 16180C. For young poultry in the first days of cultivation, the temperature should not be lower than + 28310C (under bruders - up to + 350C). As the bird grows, the temperature gradually decreases. Of important importance is the amount of moisture in the air, the so-called relative humidity in the poultry room where the bird is kept. For hens, an optimal humidity of 6070% is considered. Excessive humidity contributes to increased growth and reproduction of various microorganisms, including pathogenic spore forms. And low humidity can lead to a large dust of the bird house, which will adversely affect the respiratory organs of the bird and cause their disease. Increased air movement in a poultry house with temperatures lower than the body temperature of the bird can cause its hypothermia, which can also lead to colds of the whole population. The appearance of stagnant zones in bird houses is also undesirable. In cold periods of the year, the optimal air velocity depending on the species and age of the bird is 0.2-0.5 m/s, in a warm period - 0.4-0.8 m/s. Considering that the temperature, humidity and speed of air movement in poultry houses are the determining factors of the microclimate that directly affect its productivity, the equipment used for these purposes must provide all the parameters of the microclimate strictly in accordance with the veterinary requirements.

3.5. Select Infrared Heating Unit

The most important link of poultry maintenance is the process of growing and preserving the health of young animals, and a significant place is given here to the use of infrared radiation (IR radiation) for local heating of young birds in the initial period of cultivation. [28]

Infrared irradiation can also be used for therapeutic purposes. The therapeutic effect of infrared rays is based on their ability to cause active hyperemia (thermal energy), which improves the nutrition of tissues with blood, accelerates the dispersion of pathological products.

In agriculture, infrared heating is used to optimize temperature conditions and reduce young animals and birds. Sources of IK radiation are simple to install and operate have a favorable physiological effect on a living organism (weight gain, resistance against diseases, etc.)

Sources of infrared radiation, depending on the spectral composition, are divided into the so-called "light" and "dark."

In this farm, BP1A bruders with "dark" sources of infrared radiation are used.

Tubular electric heaters - TENs are used as sources of IR radiation in dark irradiators.

Electric rotors BP1A have the form of a hexagonal truncated pyramid consisting of a section and a cover. The heated area is separated from the room by a shutter, in which there is a cutout for the passage of chickens. The heat source is four 250W tubular heating elements each. [28]

To illuminate the heated area, a 25 W filament lamp is used, mounted in a panel with a red cap. In addition, there is a signal lamp included in the heating element circuit. In normal mode, when all heaters are operating, the voltage on the lamp, failure of any heater, the lamp lights up. For ventilation of bruders there are covers. At the end of heating, the brood rises to a height of 2 m using a suspension, blocks, rope and cargo. The breeder is equipped with a system of two-position temperature control. The regulator is a semiconductor controller PTB1 installed on the outside of one of the sections. The heated area under the brood is 2.2 m2, which allows you to place 600 chickens on it until daytime. The breeder has a suspension height of 0 to 2.2 m depending on the age of the chickens. The temperature controller maintains the temperature set in the range from 24 to 40 0С under the bruder. In the early days of chickens, fences are installed to limit their movement and protect them from through holes around the brood. In this poultry house, to heat 700 chickens, 2 BP1A bruders will be required.

Technical specification: plant power 1 kW; type of TEH radiator (0.25 kW); number of irradiators in unit 1; the number of emitters in one irradiator 4; infrared radiation dose 30%; 220V supply voltage; radiator service life: 10000 h. [9]

3.7. Conclusions under section

In this section, a microclimate control system in the poultry house was developed in detail. As a result of the calculations and the required parameters of the microclimate, electric heating plants of the SFO type and the Climat2000 ventilation plant were installed in the adult bird room to provide exhaust ventilation and lighting control. Universal programmable timers were chosen as lighting controls, the number of which is equivalent to the number of lighting groups in the bird house, that is, three. As means of local heating, BP1A electric rotors were chosen, which provide a temperature regime in the areas of maintenance poultry.

All the technical tools selected in this section allow you to increase the productivity of poultry, reduce the cost of feed and improve the overall condition of poultry. The cost-effectiveness of the decisions made is reflected in section 7, which shows that the implementation of the climate management system "Climat2000" is beneficial.

5.2. Determination of scope of electrical equipment operation in conventional units and number of maintenance personnel

Labor productivity, quantity of products received, working conditions and safety of personnel is largely determined by the level of technical condition of electrical equipment. The equipment is operated in accordance with PTE and PTB.

When organizing the scheduled maintenance and repair of electrical equipment on the farm, it is important to determine the scope of work for the maintenance and repair of electrical equipment, the annual labor costs for the performance of these works, the required number of personnel.

The determination of the scope of work for maintenance of electrical equipment is reduced to the preliminary calculation of conventional units of operation and repair of electrical equipment installed on the farm.

The PPRx system has developed standard labor costs for a conventional repair unit. Maintenance and repair of closed type electric motor with conventional power of 5 kW, voltage of 380/220 V and rotation frequency of 1500 rpm is taken as a conventional unit of repair. [21]

For one conventional unit of operation averaged annual labor costs for technical operation of electric equipment set of electric drive with engine power of 10 kW and higher, equipped with automatic control devices, are taken.

We determine the number of employees of the electrotechnical service of the farm of Mani LLC, which is geographically subordinate and included in the general electrotechnical service of the farm according to the formula:

P = Y/N, (5.1)

where Y is the total volume of electrical installations, expressed in conventional units; H is the average load per electrician, accepted up to 80.

P = 37.525/80 = 0.47 people.

We accept the number of personnel of the electrical service equal to one person.

Project Findings

In this diploma project, the electrification of technological processes in the poultry farm of Mani LLC of the Lysogorsky district of the Saratov region was developed and considered. The selection of electrical equipment for various technological processes was considered in detail, electric lighting was calculated, starting protection equipment was calculated and selected. The power and lighting wiring in the poultry house was chosen.

In the detailed part of the project, equipment for microclimate maintenance processes was calculated and selected. Electrical loads were calculated in the project, a daily load schedule was compiled, a 0.38 kV network was calculated on the computer.

This project also draws up schedules for maintenance and maintenance of selected electrical equipment, developed measures for organizing life safety.

The economic justification of the diploma project made it possible to identify the feasibility of implementing a microclimate management system and determine the period of return on investment.