Multi-storey garage for 120 cars in Bishkek - AR

Contents

Introduction

1 Initial data

2 Architectural and construction section

2.1 Process and Functional Solution

2.2 Space Planning Solution

2.3 Structural solution of the building

2.3.1 Walls

2.3.2 Partitions

2.3.3 Coating

2.3.4 Window and door infills

2.4 Exterior and Interior Finishes

2.5 Site Plot Plan

3 Design section

3.1.1 Load collection

3.2 Calculation of monolithic central loaded foundation

3.2.1 Initial data

3.2.2 Foundation calculation

3.3 Calculation of precast reinforced concrete column

3.3.1 Initial data

3.3.2 Collection of column loads

3.3.3 Calculation of column 1-3 floors

3.3.4 Calculation of column 4-6 floors

3.3.5 Calculation of the 7th floor column

3.3.6 Calculation of column junction

3.3.7 Calculation of reinforced concrete console

3.4 Calculation of monolithic ribbed slab

3.4.1 Initial data

3.4.2 Floor Layout

3.4.3 Plate calculation

3.4.4 Floor beams

3.4.5 Calculation of strength by normal sections

3.4.6 Calculation of beam by inclined sections

4 Technology and organization of construction production

4.1 Selection of method of works execution

4.2 Earthworks

4.3 Dugout Scope Definition

4.4 Selection of vehicles

4.4.1 Bulldozer selection

4.4.2 Selection of excavator

4.5 Calculation of vehicle requirements

4.6 Selection of crane

4.6.1 Diagram of installation crane parameters determination

4.7 Specification of prefabricated elements

4.8 Bill of Quantities

4.9 Calculation of labor costs

4.10 Installation works of 7-storey garage

4.11 Labor and machine count list

4.12 Network Chart

4.12.1 Network Identification Card

4.12.2 Optimize the Workforce Network

4.13 Job Instruction

4.13.1 Instructions for performance of works

4.14 Calculation of construction plan

4.14.1 General provisions

4.14.2 Calculation of requirements for temporary buildings and structures

4.14.3 Calculation of storage areas

4.14.4 Calculation of Water Requirements

4.14.5 Determination of required electric power and selection of transformer

4.14.6 Safety precautions

5 Construction Economics

5.1 Method of calculation of estimated construction cost

5.2 Local estimate No. 1 for civil works of the garage

5.3 Preparation of the object estimate

5.4 Object estimate for the construction of the garage according to R.A. Chui

5.5 Summary Estimate

5.6 Calculation of technical and economic indicators of the project

5.7 Project TEP

6 Ensuring life safety and preservation of the natural environment during the construction of the facility

6.1 Analysis of hazardous and harmful factors acting on

workers during the construction period

6.2 Calculation of general forced ventilation

List of used literature

Summary

The project of a seven-story garage was developed for the construction conditions of the city of Bishkek. The supporting structure is a prefabricated iron-concrete frame. The pitch of the columns is 6 m. The span is 6 and 7.2 m. On the ground floor of the building, in addition to the car storage room, there is a maintenance unit with storage rooms for fuel and lubricating materials, washing, car repair, battery room, as well as a room for maintenance personnel. On typical floors there are rooms for maintenance personnel and storage rooms for cars and ventilation chambers. Vertical movement is carried out along inclined one-way frames. The project contains an architectural, design and construction part, a technological part, an organizational and economic part, as well as recommendations on environmental protection and life safety.

The graphic part of the project is represented by fourteen sheets, which reflect architectural solutions, solutions for the technology and organization of construction production, as well as drawings of calculated structures.

Introduction

The development of transport infrastructure that meets the cultural needs of people has entailed the problem of parking.

In the early 1980s, there were about 350 million cars in the world. This means that the average level of motorization was about 90 cars per 1000 people. This indicator increased every year.

The main directions of the economic development of Kyrgyzstan are... "to improve traffic safety and ensure the reduction of the harmful impact of transport on the environment." It also provides for the further provision of the national and national economy and the population with various types of transportation and the development of all types of transport vehicles.

All this makes it very clear to study the problem of "worthwhile transport." The experience of industrialized countries shows that the increase in the number of cars, among which it should be noted, is a change in the nature of resettlement, an increase in the distance of movement, the consumption of a large amount of fuel, significant pollution of public transport, transport costs on street and road networks, high costs for their development, lack of space for standing cars in points of interest in densely built residential areas. The last of these problems becomes the most acute. There is a need to direct the development of transport in such a way that issues related to the development of motorization, including the design and placement of parking lots and garages, are resolved without much difficulty and with a reasonable prospect .

At high rates of motorization of the city of Bishkek, it is not enough in the dense development of the city to determine the required number and increase in the volume of construction of garages and parking lots. The problem can be successfully solved only by comprehensive measures, including the construction of multi-storey garages. The problem of parking and garages is attracting increasing attention of scientific and design organizations .

The development of the transport system is associated with the problem of "standing transport" in the conditions of rapid motorization of the country.

Initial data and general characteristic of the object

The construction of a designed garage for 120 cars is provided in the city of Bishkek.

The building in the plan has a rectangular shape with dimensions in the axes 78700 × 38200. On both sides in axes 4-7 and 1215, screw one-way ramps are attached to the facades. The height of the building is 24700 m. Structural diagram: a building with a full frame; The pitch of the columns in the longitudinal direction is 6 m, in the transverse direction - 6 m and 7.2 m. Spatial rigidity is provided by the installation of stiffness diaphragms in the transverse and longitudinal direction. The number of floors is 7, the height of the floor is 3.3m. The frame of the building is reinforced concrete. Ceramic concrete panels, as well as brick walls, serve as a guarding structure.

According to engineering and geological conditions.

Seismicity of construction area-8 points

Climatic construction area - II.

Humidity zone - dry

Soil category by seismic properties-2

Standard value of wind pressure 23kg/m2, for 1 wind pressure

district.

The weight of the snow cover on the 1m horizontal surface is 70kg/m2.

No groundwater was found.

Permafrost is absent.

Class on durability - 2.

The category of car storage room is explosive.

The maintenance unit has category B rooms.

In addition to the designed building, there is a spare parts store, an open parking lot, an open area with escalators for repairing cars.

Gas, water, power supply from existing networks.

Architectural and construction section

Technological and functional solution

The designed garage is designed mainly for temporary one hundred-yank cars, so the technological process is especially clearly debugged in it. The garage has storage sites that can take on a peak influx of cars at the beginning and end of the working day and thereby significantly reduce the accumulation of waiting cars on the access roads to the garage.

To reduce waiting time, several entrances and exits are provided, as well as several ramp systems.

Permanent tenants are provided with seats on the upper floors. If, some time after the garage is put into operation, the demand for short-term storage places increases, it is possible by adjusting the number of permanent tenants to bring the supply of places according to demand. By counting the number of cars left at different times, it is necessary to determine how many places of storage rented by hire are simultaneously occupied by cars in extreme cases. Having found the coefficient of simultaneous storage taking into account the spare contingent, a free part of the storage places handed over by hire for short-term parking is used as necessary. Thus, the number of short-time storage places increases and the profitability of the garage increases.

Different types of car movement significantly affect the form of operation of the garage. In this case, the client himself delivers his car to the parking lot and receives it himself. Here, during the period of entry and exit from the garage, the driver is actively and hard working, therefore, he does not notice the time involved in the process of installing the car in the parking lot.

Since many drivers, especially non-residents, often do not know where the garages located, their trips closest to the goal, set up shields and road signs. Proper control of parking allows you to improve traffic on the streets, reduces the harmful effects of exhaust gases and transport noise on the environment. Therefore, the installation of such shields and road signs is necessary in almost all cases. The garage fits into the street network so that you can drive up to it in a straight road. This reduces the need for detours and unloads adjacent streets from additional transport. At the same time, the facade of the garage with approaches for pedestrians overlooks the main motorway, and entrances and exits to side streets.

The entrance to the garage is clearly visible from the road and is convenient for the unimpeded entry of cars, signs and signs serve as auxiliary means for this. When leaving the garage, the carriageway of the street or road is also clearly visible so that the car can easily be included in the flow of moving transport. Near the garage there are placards with variable information indicating the direction of entry and equipped with the inscriptions "occupied" and "free." Placard switching according to the garage seat counters is performed automatically.

Based on the conditions of safe operation and the organization of unhindered movement of cars, separate ramps for entry and exit are designed. The ramps provide for additional expansion of the carriageway. Single-way screw ramps require separate entry and exit from the sides of the ends. When turning 180, the ramp rises to the height of the floor. The ramp tower provides direct communication with the required floor without passing through other floors, this allows you to create through movement and saves driving time.

The total time spent for one-time filling and release of the garage is in the range of 7 to 10 hours.

According to garage rules, storage places in car garages have a length of 6 m and a width of 3 m. The width of the driveways with a perpendicular location of parking places is 7.2 m.

For the operation of garages, it is important to observe a clear organization of traffic, which is largely determined by the general architectural design of the building.

Additional activities lead to simplification and acceleration of the operation process. These include traffic signs linked to the rules of street traffic, the marking of the roadway in the form of forbidden zones, dividing and guiding lines (which for different passages can be applied in different colors) and text signs made in large and clearly visible font. At the intersection of the driveways, lanes are applied - "zebras."

The receipt point is placed on the left side of the entrance, so that the driver can take the receipt through the open window without leaving the car. The garage receipt indicates the serial number, information about tariffs, safety rules and other contractual conditions. The garage receipt indicates the time of entry. When issuing garage receipts at the entrance to the garage, a certain parking place is indicated to the client. For this, a shield with a garage plan serves, where a control stamp hangs in each vacant place, it is issued to the client along with a garage receipt.

The calculation for the use of the garage is made before receiving the car, when the driver is still in the garage building as a pedestrian. After the calculation, the client is returned a garage receipt indicating the payment time. Then he gets into his car at the parking lot and goes to the exit control.

At the exit, the correct payment is checked and the payment time indicated on the garage receipt is compared with the actual departure time. The garage receipt remains in the garage for internal settlements, if necessary, the driver also leaves a control stamp received at the entrance.

The duration of the storage process, counted at the entrance to the garage from the moment of arrival to the placement of the car in the parking lot, taking into account maintenance costs, is not a decisive factor determining the performance of the garage.

Space Planning Solution

The garage building is rectangular in plan. On both sides, in axes 47 and 1215, screw one-way ramps are attached to the facades, which serve for the entry and exit of cars, and a ramp in axes 47 serves to lift cars to floors to lower the ramp in axes 1215.

On the screw radius, ramps fall through a traveling platform measuring 8.6 × 19.4 m. In addition, rectangular blocks of staircases equipped with freight and passenger elevators and used to lift owners and their luggage to the floors and lower them from there are attached to the building in the axes of the BG and 1517. Each unit has two cargo and passenger elevators, with a carrying capacity of 1000 kg, designed for 12 people. The building consists of the following rooms: car storage areas, exhaust and plenum ventilation chambers, fire extinguishing points, entrance and exit ramps, security rooms, elevator shafts, staircases, driveways, utility rooms, a workshop for repairing the undercarriage and balancing wheels with a room for maintenance personnel and a storage room for spare parts and tools.

In addition, the garage includes a built-in maintenance unit for cars with the following premises: a maintenance section with a locksmith workshop, spare parts storerooms, a client room, service rooms, a director's office, an office, men's household premises, women's living quarters, women's latrines, men's latrines with a MOSS pantry, a food room, a storage room for car accessories. Vulcanization site, GSM storerooms, battery room, washes, tambour. The dimensions listed above are indicated in the space explode (see graphic).

The garage building is designed with seven floors. For convenience of operation, entrances and exits to floors are decided separately along two separate ramps, when cars move at a speed of 15 km/h and an interval of 20 m between them.

Ramps one-way, number 2. The longitudinal slope of the curved ramps is 13%. This condition is provided by an internal turning radius of 5.4 m and an external turning radius of 9.2 m. On both sides of the roadway of the ramps, wheel-breaking devices (barriers) with a height of 0.1 m and a width of 0.2 m are provided. The distance from the floor of the roadway to protruding building structures is 3 m. The ramps have natural lighting.

The garage building has a full frame. The pitch of the columns in the longitudinal direction is 6 m, in the transverse direction 6 m and 7.2 m. The length of the building is divided into two parts by a temperature seam, the length of each temperature block is 42 m. The width of the building is 38 m. The floor height is 3.3 m, which is due to the size of the columns according to the accepted series.

The storage and placement of cars is box, the size of the box is 6 × 3 m. The fence is mesh with sliding gates.

The building is designed for the first category of rolling stock, which includes cars up to 6 m long inclusive and up to 2.1 m wide inclusive.

Production and storage rooms for maintenance and maintenance of the first category are located in the same building with a storage room for rolling stock. At the same time, rolling stock storage rooms are separated from other rooms by fire walls of the second type.

Rolling stock storage rooms are separated from ramps by fire partitions of the first type. Openings in partitions are closed by fire gates.

Wheelbarrow devices are provided in storage rooms of rolling stock along walls, to which cars are installed by longitudinal and end side. The height of wheelbarrow devices is at least 0.12 m for cars of the first category. The distance from the edge of the wheelbarrow device to the wall when the cars are installed parallel to the wall is 0.4 m, perpendicular to the wall is 0.3 m more than the rear or front overhang of the car.

A grid fence is arranged in the car garage building for each storage place of the car, regardless of the capacity and storey of the building.

Rolling stock storage rooms are designed without natural lighting.

The number of external gates in the building for entry and exit from the storage rooms, maintenance posts of rolling stock located on the first floor is taken equal to four based on the following conditions: with the number of cars over two hundred - 2 in-companies and an additional 1 gate for the next two hundred cars. For you-riding from the second and higher floors, in addition to the number of external gates designed for leaving the first floor, there are one external gate for each lane on the ramps. The ramps have a direct exit outside.

The dimensions of the external gate for the entry and exit of rolling stock are adopted taking into account the approximation dimensions specified in the technical design standards of road transport enterprises.

Control of external gates intended for entry and exit of rolling stock from flow lines TO-1 and TO-2 with operation of transport devices with control of air and heat curtains.

Staircases are used to evacuate people from the garage. evacuation routes should ensure safe evacuation of all people in the building premises through evacuation exits.

The number of evacuation exits from buildings from each floor and from premises is two. Evacuation exits are located at a distance of 48 m from each other. In accordance with the standards, the width of the escape routes is 3 m; doors - 1 m, which is also provided by the designed building. The height of the passage on the escape routes is 3 m. There are no height differences and protrusions in the floor on the escape routes, with the exception of thresholds in the doorways. Doors on escape routes open in the direction of exit from the building.

The height of the doors in the light on the escape routes 2.1 m. The height of the doors and passages leading to the premises without the permanent stay of people in them is allowed to be reduced to 1,9 m. Staircase doors leading to common corridors and elevator halls have devices for self-closing and sealing in the narrows. The width of the staircase door must be at least the width of the stair flight. The width of the staircase march is not less than the width of the evacuation exit to the stairwell and is 1200 mm. The width of the staircases is not less than the width of the march and is 1.5 m.

Before entering the elevators, a 100 mm wide elevator hall is arranged to pass the hoses of fire hoses in the event of a fire.

The width of the driveways, taking into account the footpaths from the evacuation conditions, will be 7.2 m.

The width of the evacuation exit from the premises is taken depending on the total number of evacuees and is 1.5 m. The distance along the corridor from the door of the most remote room with an area of ​ ​ not more than 1000 m2 to the exit to the nearest stairwell between two exits 25 m to the dead end corridor 20 m.

External gates can also be used as evacuation exits since they are without thresholds or with thresholds no more than 0.1 m high. The size of the gates and their placement meet the requirements for evacuation exits.

The location of the gate in the storage, maintenance and maintenance rooms (if the number of gates is more than one) is dispersed.

Evacuation exits from the rooms of ventilation chambers located in the rooms of rolling stock are allowed to these rooms without a separate exit device.

For buildings with a height of 10 m or more from the planning to the cornice or the top of the external wall, exits to the roof from staircases or through external stairs should be provided.

The building provides for stairs along the perimeter at least after 200 m. Since the width of the building does not exceed 150 m, and from the side opposite to the main facade there is a line of fire water supply, fire ladders are not allowed to be provided on the main facade of the building.

Exits from staircases to the roof should be provided by stairways with a platform before exiting through fire doors of the second type.

In places of roof drop by more than 1 m, external fire stairs are provided regardless of the height of the building. Fire ladders of the first type (vertical steel with a width of 0.7 m) are adopted for lifting to a height of 10 to 20 m and in places of the roof height difference of 1 to 20 m. for lifting to a height of more than 20 m - of the second type (marching steel with a slope of 6:1 with a width of 0.7 m).

To perform certain types or groups of works of maintenance and maintenance of rolling stock taking into account their fire hazard and sanitary requirements, a separate room allocated by fire partitions is provided. Such premises include the premises of the warehouse of fuel and lubricating mothers-als.

Since the car maintenance and repair unit is designed for two parts, in accordance with the standards, the mechanical workshop is isolated from the main rooms of the maintenance posts.

For the storage of spare parts and materials, separate rooms are provided:

a) engines, units, assemblies, parts of non-fire hazardous materials;

b) automobile tyres;

c) lubricants.

Areas for welding operations are provided with centralized gas supply.

Storage of oxygen and acetylene cylinders in the amount of up to 10 pcs is carried out in separate metal cabinets installed in the spacers between window and door openings outside production buildings with a distance of 0.5 m to the edge of the spacer.

Room for storage of lubricating materials with arrangement of em-bones for fresh and used oils is located near external wall of building with direct exit to outside. Storage of fresh and used lubricating oils in tanks with a total capacity of not more than 5 m3, located in the room or in the pit, as well as installation of floor equipment for transportation of lubricating materials, is started in premises of maintenance and maintenance stations of rolling stock.

The car maintenance and repair room is equipped with a suspended crane-beam with a lifting capacity of 1 t, designed for the movement of goods, lifting of vehicles. In addition, lifts of various carrying capacities are used for these purposes.

The car maintenance and repair room includes several sections that differ in their functional purpose. This includes: a locksmith workshop, a runoff for engine repair, body repair, a section of general technical repair of cars.

The spatial rigidity of the building is ensured by the installation of rigidity diaphragms in the longitudinal and transverse directions, as well as brick walls of the staircase and ramps. In addition, the floor of the building due to the welding of embedded parts of the floor slabs with embedded de-tales of the girder creates a rigid horizontal disk, which also provides spatial rigidity and geometric immutability of the building.