Multi-storey residential building with a garage for 12 cars in Saratov

Contents

Contents

Introduction

Architectural and construction section

Design and design section

Technology and organization of construction

Construction economy

Ecology and Life Safety

List of literature

Design section

The engineering and geological situation on the territory allocated for construction is calm. Soils of the base have layered stratum with aged formation:

1 layer - green-brown loam with inclusion of crushed stone and wood (layer thickness 8.5 m);

2 layer - green-grey clay refractory with crushed stone and wood (layer thickness 6 m);

3 layer - green-gray sand, fine, dense and medium-thick, water-saturated (layer thickness 1 m);

4 layer - dark clay, semi-solid, desiccated (layer thickness 0.5 m);

5 layer - hard clay, black clay, fracturing, deserted clay, iron clay.

Groundwater is located at a depth of 3.65 m.

Climatic conditions: III climatic area with a snow load of 1 kPa.

Technology and organization of construction

General part

The PNR is based on the decisions made in the PIC, taking into account local organizational and technical conditions.

The current regulatory document is SNiP 3.01.0185 "Organization of Construction Production."

In order to reduce the construction time, various types of work are combined in time, that is, carried out in-line, which will allow more efficient use of machines and mechanisms, increase labor productivity and reduce the cost of construction.

To organize in-line production, the general front of construction work is divided into 2 grabs. The entire CMR complex is divided into cyclically repeated groups of processes. Completing the cycle of work on the next capture, the team prepares this work front for the next brigade, that is, for the next cycle of work, and the team itself in the same order is provided by the prepared work front at each new capture.

The main parameters of the construction flow are:

intensity or power;

labor intensity of work in people. - days;

rhythm, that is, a length of time determining the duration of execution of the elementary (partial) flow on the grip.

In accordance with this, a flow cyclogram is developed, a network graph is built, which is a graphical model of the building construction process. The process of operational management of construction on the basis of the network schedule includes obtaining information on the progress of work, its processing, development and implementation of measures to eliminate deviations from the schedule. A general plan is being built indicating the boundaries of the construction site, permanent and temporary roads, traffic patterns, mechanisms and the place of their installation. A schedule of workers is being built.

Technology of building erection of variable storey

At the initial stage, preparatory work is carried out, consisting of cutting off the vegetal layer of soil at the development site, erection of temporary buildings and structures, arrangement of temporary engineering networks and communications, splitting of the building spot and fencing of the construction site.

The second stage is earthworks. The pit is being developed and the soil is being manually reworked.

Construction of the underground part. Construction of pile field, cutting of pile heads. A monolithic peduncle is made. Then basement walls are erected from FBS units and floor slabs are installed at elev. ± 0.000.

Input device and backfilling.

Erection of the above-ground part. At this stage, the building is divided into two grabs and work is carried out in-line. Simultaneously with the brickwork of the walls, slabs, staircases and platforms are installed, partitions are being erected. Window and door openings are filled. All processes are cyclically repeated. As the floors are erected, stained glass windows are mounted.

Roofing works. Soft roofing is being arranged.

Electrical installation - lighting device, installation of low-current systems.

In-building works - plastering of surfaces and arrangement of floors are carried out.

At the same time, ventilation, water supply, sewerage, heating and water supply systems are being installed.

The final stage is the finishing work, which includes whitening, painting and tiling of surfaces and landscaping of the adjacent area.

The designed building will be located in Saratov at the intersection of Lunnaya and Delovoy streets.

The supersaturation of Saratov by cars created a number of transport problems, among which it should be noted:

significant environmental pollution;

traffic congestion in the streets;

violation of traffic safety conditions.

When planning the city, there was no provision for the allocation of places for garages and parking in this microdistrict, which entailed the problem that has become the most acute today. This is a problem with the placement of vehicles.

In connection with the above, I developed and designed an underground garage in the courtyard of the house.

The best option would be to combine the foundations of the building and the foundations of the garage. But, due to the fact that the designed house is of increased comfort and taking into account the close location of groundwater, which would complicate and increase the cost of construction, it was decided to arrange a garage in the courtyard of the house with the entrance to it from ul. Lunnaya.

As a space-planning solution, the floor type of the garage was adopted. Garage height is accepted according to building codes - 2.0 m, dimensions of one parking place - 2.2 x 4.6 m [7].

To prevent possible fires, as well as to quickly eliminate them in the underground garage, special measures have been taken.

Supporting structures of the garage: walls, columns, floors are protected by fire-resistant coatings having a fire resistance of at least 2 hours, doors - at least 30 minutes.

To quickly evacuate people, a passage 0.8 m wide is provided. To extinguish fires, a place equipped with fire extinguishing equipment has been designed: a portable fire extinguisher, a large-volume fire extinguisher (about 100 liters), a foam extinguisher, emergency stocks of materials and tools (sand, crimps, axes, etc.) and fire cranes with hoses.

General plan

Currently, the site has dilapidated housing to be demolished.

At this district there is a detailed planning project developed by the Saratovgrazhdanproekt Institute.

The main facade of the building is oriented towards the streets of M. Gorky and Chelyuskintsev.

In addition to the main building, a pumping station is located on the site.

The project for the improvement of the territory provides for the construction of driveways and footpaths.

All territory free from development, asphalt pavements and sites is landscaped as much as possible by planting decorative shrubs and sowing lawn grasses and flower beds.

Marketing Research

The designed building is a residential building, built in Saratov at the intersection of Delovoy and Lunnaya streets.

In the city, most of the buildings are in disrepair due to natural aging and atmospheric effects.

Since the project was developed in an area with the established nature of development, the facades of the house were developed in the context of the historical environment of this part of Saratov and are distinguished by a careful study of the plastic and details of the facade, as well as its silhouette. This allows the new building to smoothly fit into the general ensemble of existing buildings.

The building itself consists of 2 block sections on 7 and 9 floors. Of the 36 apartments, 12 are 4-room, 18 are 3-room, 6 are 2-room. Thus, it can accommodate 150180 people.

The building has an underground garage, which allows you to solve the important problem of placing vehicles today. In addition, the constructive solution of the garage allows it to be used as a shelter.

As a foundation, piles 10 m long are used.