KP as per "Bases and foundations"

Introduction

Site Location

The studied site is located at the intersection of ul. Western and st. Barabinskaya in the city of Tyumen.

Climate

In climatic terms, the site belongs to the climatic region - I V.

The average January temperature is 17.4 0C;

The average July temperature is + 18.2 0C;

Average annual temperature + 0.9 0С.

The number of days with snow cover is 158 days.

The cold period lasts from November to March.

3. Geomorphology of relief

Geomorphologically, the site is located within the western-Siberian plain.

4. Geological structure

In the geological structure of the site up to the studied depth of 1520 m, cover and moraine deposits of the quaternary system take part.

The presented soils: loam, loam, sand, clay.

5. Hydrogeological conditions

In the process of drilling operations, underground water was opened by wells at a depth of 4.0 m from the earth's surface at an absolute mark of 124.85 m. The highest position of the water level should be expected in spring. Groundwater is mildly aggressive.

6. Geotechnical conditions

Determination of physical and mechanical characteristics of soils was carried out in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents .

Taking into account the geological structure, 5 engineering and geological elements are identified :

1. Geotechnical element 1:

The vegetation layer is an embankment with a capacity of 0.3 m.

2. Geotechnical element 2:

Loams are dark brown in color. They lie at a depth of 124.85 m, with a capacity of 3.7 m.

3. Geotechnical element 3:

Loams are dark brown in color. They lie at a depth of 122.20 m, with a capacity of 2.65 m.

4. Geotechnical element 4:

The sands are yellowish-brown in color. They lie at a depth of 118.75 m, with a capacity of 3.45 m.

5. Geotechnical element 5:

The clay is brownish gray. It lies at a depth of 113.85 m, with a capacity of 4.9 m.

Waterproofing

Waterproofing - protection of building structures, buildings and structures from penetration and harmful effects of water. Waterproofing ensures normal operation of buildings and structures, increases their reliability and durability.

Waterproofing of the foundation can be provided in several ways:

Mastic coating is considered the most economical option, but at the same time the most short-lived method. This waterproofing is often damaged during operation, gives leaks, as it cannot bear shifting loads. An important condition is that this type of waterproofing must be applied to the most even surface, previously dried. It should be remembered that the coating waterproofing is damaged even when the pit is filled with soil during backfilling, which often contains construction debris (reinforcement fragments, stones, glass, etc.). Outside, you can protect the coating waterproofing with insulation or a pressure wall built of brick. But the latter option is quite expensive and laborious.

Waterproofing with roll materials - usually a ruberoid is used for this, which is more expensive than coating waterproofing, but much longer and stronger. According to the technology, the flat and dry surface of the foundation is first treated with hot bitumen mastic, on which at least two layers of ruberoid with overlapping 1520 cm are glued.

Sprayable waterproofing - applied easily and quickly with a special sprayer. It easily repeats possible irregularities of the foundation, practically does not need preliminary surface preparation, dust cleaning and dry surface are necessary. More expensive technology. It needs to be reinforced from above with geotextile material, which performs an additional protective function.

Penetrating waterproofing - work using penetrating materials (mixtures of cement, special additives and quartz sand). Quite expensive way to protect the foundation.

For waterproofing of the foundation in this course work we will accept:

Mastic waterproofing bitumen cold AquaMast.

Features:

- reliably protects structures buried in the ground from moisture;

- forms a high-strength durable coating.

Product description: waterproofing bitumen mastic for foundations AquaMast is a fully ready-to-use oil bitumen based material containing process additives, mineral fillers and solvent.

Field of application: designed for dressing waterproofing of structures (concrete, reinforced concrete, metal, wooden, etc.) buried in the ground and in contact with a wet environment: foundations, piles, etc.

Waterproofing mastic consumption for foundations is AquaMast 1 kg/m2.

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