Individual residential building in Smolensk - Architecture of buildings and structures

Contents

Introduction

1. Architectural and structural section

1.1 Characteristics of the construction area

1.2 Description of General Plan Solutions

1.3 Space-planning solutions of the building

1.4 Structural solutions of the building

1.5 Heat Engineering Wall Calculation

1.6 Determination of foundation depth

1.7 Stair Calculation

1.8 Description of the building finish

1.9 Description of sanitary and engineering equipment

1.10 Environmental protection measures

Conclusion

List of sources used

Introduction

Construction - branch of production of goods in which fixed assets of industrial and non-productive purpose are created: buildings ready for operation, building constructions, constructions, their complexes.

In the field of architecture and civil engineering, construction means the process of erecting or creating infrastructure.

The construction process includes such types of work as organizational, survey, design, construction, installation and commissioning work related to the creation, modification or demolition of the facility, as well as interaction with the competent authorities regarding the performance of such work. The result of construction is the erected building (structure) with interior decoration, operating engineering and technological systems and a complete set of documentation provided for by law.

The goal is to consider a residential building, which it consists of, for which it serves, and the method of construction.

The residential building consists of rooms (rooms) of auxiliary importance, and directly to meet the domestic and other needs of citizens living in this house. Residential buildings (houses) include permanent-type residential buildings, dormitories, shelters, manoeuvre fund houses, residential homes for the elderly and disabled, veterans, special homes for the single elderly, orphanages, boarding schools and boarding schools, other houses

Architectural - Structural Section

Characteristics of the construction area

The designed building is located in the city of Smolensk, which is located in the III construction district, with a temperate continental climate. The average monthly t January 9˚S,iyulya + 18 ˚C. Average monthly relative air humidity of coldest month 86%

The air temperature of the coldest days with security 0.98 - 34˚C

Air temperature of the coldest five days with security 0.98 - 31˚C

Absolute minimum air temperature - 41˚S

Average daily air temperature amplitude of the coldest month 6.1

Wind load I area - 32 kg/m3

Snow load III district - 1.8 kPa

Loam and loam mainly predominate in the construction area

Design depth of ground freezing 1.2 m.

In general, the surface is wavy, with hilly sections and relatively deep-cut river valleys.

The rainfall rate for November-March is 234 mm, The prevailing wind direction for December is February-South.

The maximum of the average wind speeds in rumbes for January is 6.8 ms

Average wind speed, m/s, for the period with average daily air temperature 8 ° C5 ms

1.2 Description of General Plan Solutions

The project was developed for construction in the city of Smolensk. When developing the general plan, great attention was paid to the correct zoning of the territory. There is a bathhouse, a children's playground, a gazebo, a pool, a greenhouse, an economic shed.

Territory balance:

Building area - 1047.8506 m2

Recreation area - 500.00 m ^ 2

Yard - 68.00 m ^ 2

Driveways and sidewalks - 1581.50 m ^ 2

Green spaces area - 4693.65 m ^ 2

The total area of ​ ​ the site is 1047.8506 m2

Structural solutions of the building

The foundation - tape, monolithic of concrete of class B15, is laid on an artificial base - preparation from concrete B7.5.

The foundation is protected by waterproofing.

The depth of laying is 2,100 m.

External walls 535 mm thick are made in 3 layers:

a) Facing brick;

b) Insulation foam 35;

c) Brick M125, chain masonry, continuous in 1.5 bricks;

Internal bearing walls 250380 mm of brick M125.

Internal partitions 120 mm brick M125.

External finishing from Facing brick, and heat-soundproofing from foam 3550 mm. Reinforced concrete straps GOST 94884.

Cast-in-situ floors, reinforced concrete: Pm1, Pm2, Pm3.Thickness 150 mm.

The staircase is made of wood. Main elements, one flight of stairs, steps, staircase fencing.

Floors: in a cellar, a bathroom, the bathroom, a garage and a boiler room a floor is executed from a ceramic tile antiskid; in halls, kitchens, bathrooms, Wardrobe, verandah and platform-covering-tile ceramic antiskid; in living rooms, offices, halls, spalnyakhlaminat.

The roof is pitched, rafter system.

Organized water drain, external GOST 7623-84

Windows are made of PVC profile "VEKA" system "Softline AD" with double glazing.

The doors are single-sided, blind and glazed made of wood and lined with veneer of the dark nut type.

Conclusion

The purpose of this project is to develop a project for the construction of an individual residential building. The main tasks of the project are to create a convenient and comfortable house for a family with above-average wealth. Taking into account the climatic characteristics of the construction area and based on the existing SniP, the thermal engineering calculation of the building was carried out.

Space-planning and structural solutions were also selected, allowing the building to live and work comfortably while observing sanitary safety standards.

From the design point of view, a calm and compositional color scheme was selected, the following were also taken into account: service life, indoor ventilation system, sufficiency of lighting, accessibility, comfort and convenience.

During the design process, it can be concluded that the designed building is designed according to functional, technical, architectural, economic and fire safety requirements.

The goal has been achieved .