Exchange rate PPR on the topic "Organization of construction production"

Contents

CONTENTS

Introduction

1 Initial data

1.1 Characteristics of the object

1.2 Supply Source Data

1.3 Construction duration

2 Calendar Plan Design

2.1 Calculation of the scope of work

2.2 Labor Cost Calculation

2.3 Material Requirements Calculation

2.4 Technical and economic indicators of the schedule

3 Description of accepted method of work execution

3.1 Selection of tower crane

4 Construction Plot Plan Design

4.1 Binding of the tower crane to the building

4.2 Crane binding and impact zones

4.3 Calculation of storage areas

4.4 Calculation of temporary buildings area

4.5 Calculation of temporary water supply

4.6 Calculation of temporary power supply

4.7 Technical and economic indicators of the construction plan

5 Job Instruction

6 Occupational safety in construction

7 Fire protection

8 Environmental protection

List of sources used

Introduction

The topic of the course project is the development of the main documents of the Work Execution Project (PPR) for the construction of a residential building for 6 apartments in the village of Zaoksky, Tula Region. The initial data for its implementation are the course work on MDC 01.01 "Building Architecture," which allows you to obtain a visual understanding of the relationship between technical and organizational-technological factors of improving the efficiency of construction production on the basis of working drawings, specifications, lists. The course project includes a graphic part and a calculation and explanatory note.

The relevance of the topic lies in the development of a project for the production of low-rise buildings, which corresponds to the strategy of socio-economic development of the Tula region for the period until 2030.

The purpose of this course project is to consolidate theoretical knowledge on the organization of construction production and acquisition of practical skills of organizational and technological design, during which, in accordance with the task, the main sections of the work execution project should be developed: a schedule for the performance of work on the site in the form of a network and an object construction plan.

The project presents solutions for the construction of a two-story brick residential building and sequentially solves the tasks for the implementation of construction:

1 choice of method of work execution;

2 assignment of composition and scope of work;

3 calculation of labor costs of workers and mechanisms for performance of these works;

4 a construction schedule is drawn up;

5 Job Instruction is being developed;

6 a construction plan is being developed and compiled.

The results of the development of sections of the course project are presented in the calculation and explanatory note in the form of a text part and tables.

Source Data

1.1 Characteristics of the object

The designed building is a residential building with 6 apartments. The construction area is free of buildings and has a calm terrain. The building has a technical floor with a floor elevation of minus 1,900 m. The total height of the building is plus 14,350 m, the height of the floor is 3.3 m. The dimensions in the extreme axes are 11.0 × 15.0 m.

The foundation is monolithic tape. Soil of loam base.

External solid brick walls with a total thickness of 510 mm, with external insulation from polystyrene foam 120 mm thick. The internal walls are brick with a thickness of 380 mm.

100 mm thick foam block partitions. The blocks are laid along the cord in the berth with displacement of vertical seams by one second of the blocks.

Slabs are prefabricated from reinforced concrete slabs with round voids, g. Slab ends are reinforced by concrete insert from crushing. Seams between slabs are filled with mortar to form reinforced concrete disk. Slabs are connected to each other through one another by anchors with walls to provide spatial rigidity of the building.

The roof is a gable attic with a coating of metal.

1.2 Supply Source Data

Supply of water, gas, energy resources is carried out from engineering and city networks. Heating is centralized. Natural ventilation through ventilation ducts in walls along axes 2 and 3.

The supply of construction materials, products and structures is carried out from the factories of the city of Tula and the Tula region.

1.3 Construction duration

According to SNiP 1.04.0385 * "Norms and Rules for the Duration of Construction and Backlog in the Construction of Enterprises, Buildings and Structures," the construction duration for a residential three-story building is 8 months, including a preparatory period of 0.5 months. Construction began in April 2021 .

The total building area is 434.91 m2.

The building area is 212.43 m2.

The building construction volume is 2349.48 m3.

Schedule Design

The schedule shall establish the sequence of work and deadlines at the site. It serves as a means of daily control over the progress of work, is the basis for the implementation of delivery plans for material and structures. The duration of construction does not exceed the guidelines stipulated by SNiP 1.04.0385 *, which is 8 months.

The following principles have been followed in the planning process:

observance of correct technological sequence of individual construction processes;

maximum alignment of individual construction processes over time;

compliance with safety and safety requirements.

The adjustment of the schedule consists in the identification of reductions in the construction duration and the organization of parallel work flows. Performance of special works performed by subcontractors is technologically linked to performance of civil works.

Based on the schedule, the following are performed:

a schedule of workers' movements in the form of a graph of the movement of human resources, with the determination of the daily need for labor resources. Epyura is uniform without any failures and peaks, it shows: the period of deployment of construction, steady construction and the curtailment of construction. In the epure, the dashed line shows the average daily number of workers. The objective indicator of the graph is the unevenness coefficient of the movement of workers.

schedule of movement of the main construction machines and mechanisms in tabular form. The graph shows the type and brand of construction machines, their number and service life;

schedule of arrival of building structures and materials to the site. When developing the schedule, the properties of the supplied materials are taken into account, as well as stocks in days, storage of materials for uninterrupted operation. The graph shows 2 lines: a continuous line - the consumption of materials, accepted, equal to the duration of the process and begins and ends on the same days; dotted line - goods receipt, starts 2 days before the start of material consumption with equal duration.

Description of accepted method of work execution

To obtain optimal solutions for the organization of individual construction processes, it is necessary to technically justify the choice of installation cranes, machines, mechanisms and methods of work. Selection of the production method is carried out from the structural features of the building, as well as from the accepted sequence of erection of individual building elements.

Bulldozer DZ8: type of dump - non-rotating; dump length - 3.03 m; dump height - 1.1 m; control - rope; power - 79 (108) kW (hp); tractor brand T100;

EK18 excavator: capacity of a ladle is 0.25 m3; The greatest depth of digging is 6.97 m; the highest unloading height is 6.75 m; maximum radius of digging - 10 m; engine power - 78 (105) kW (hp);

Diam ML80 ramming: seal depth 30 cm; dimensions of the ramming shoe 535x370 mm; power - 4.2 (5.5) kW (hp); dimensions of 800х520х580 mm; weight 80 kg.

We use the vibrator to concrete works superficial electric VI104 of B: the compelling force - 2,7...5,5 N; oscillation frequency - 50 s1; vibration mechanism type - unbalanced adjustable; power - 0.37 kW; dimensions - 405x235x250 mm; weight - 25 kg;

deep electric vibrator VPK 50T: oscillation frequency - 50 s1; the diameter of the mace is 50 mm; mace length - 410 mm; power - 0.42 kW; dimensions - 660х160х680 mm; weight - 14.62 kg.

For stone and installation works, the tower crane KB403A with technical characteristics is used: Q = 8 t, lcr = 25 m, NKR = 41 m.

For finishing works the following shall be applied:

plaster works - solution pump RNP2500;

painting operations - KPE650 paint cluster;

welding works - welder SVI170.

For transport works the following shall be applied:

Auto dump truck - MAZ4571.

Construction Plot Plan Design

The construction plot plan is a construction site plan that shows the location of buildings under construction and existing buildings, construction machines, as well as objects intended for maintenance of the work.

The construction plan is an integral part of the anti-icing system and the PPM. As part of the PDP, an object-based, general-planning construction plan is developed as part of the PIC.

A general planning construction plan is being developed by design organizations for the construction complex of the entire facility.

The object construction plan is developed by construction organizations and covers the construction sites of one object .

On it is applied:

object under construction;

temporary mechanized installations;

travel paths and crane coverage areas;

temporary closed and open warehouse sites;

roads and driveways;

administrative and residential buildings;

temporary water supply and power supply networks with indication of their connection to the existing networks;

receiving places of incoming structures, materials, mortar and concrete;

fire hydrants;

outdoor lighting;

fencing of the territory.

Routing

Work projects pay special attention to the organization of individual production processes. The routing is a document ensuring rational execution of this type of construction or installation work at the object under construction. The technological map was developed for masonry walls.

In accordance with the instruction, the routing contains the following sections:

scope of application - a brief description of the conditions and peculiarities of the work that were applied for the development of the Job Instruction;

organization and technology of the construction process - methods and sequence of works included in the construction process are described;

organization and methods of labor of workers - calculations of labor costs are given and a schedule of work execution is drawn up;

material and technical resources - calculation of the need for materials and structures, in machines and mechanisms;

technical and economic indicators - data on labor costs, production per worker per shift;

safety of the construction process;

tolerances.

Fire protection

Fire protection is provided by: using fire extinguishing equipment and fire fighting equipment, automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing units, building structures of facilities with regulated fire resistance limits; devices for limiting the spread of fire, etc.

Fire resistance of buildings and structures shall be such that building structures retain load-bearing and enclosing functions in case of fire during the time required to ensure safety of people and fire extinguishing. Fire resistance of materials means the property of materials, articles, structures of buildings and structures to resist the action of fire and high temperatures, not to succumb to fire, not to deform, to maintain bearing and enclosing abilities. The fire resistance of the building is determined by the minimum fire resistance limits of building structures and the maximum fire propagation limits on them.

Fire ruptures are provided to limit the spread of fire beyond the center. Their dimensions depend on the degree of fire resistance of buildings standing nearby and the categories of objects located in them according to explosion and fire hazard. For these purposes, fire barriers are provided inside the building: fire walls, floors, doors, gates, windows, etc., fire walls are made of non-combustible materials, resting on foundations, erected in the entire height of the building wall .

Evacuation routes should ensure the safe evacuation of all people in the premises of buildings through evacuation exits. The number of evacuation exits from buildings from each floor should be at least two. Doors on escape routes shall open in the direction of exit from the building. The minimum width of the doors is 0.8 m. The minimum width of the escape routes is set depending on the purpose of the building but not less than 1 m.

To extinguish fires, water, chemical and air-mechanical foams, solid fire extinguishing substances, halogenated hydrocarbons, etc. are used.

Water is the most common and accessible means of extinguishing fire. It is used in the form of a compact jet, in a sprayed form, in the form of steam, in combination with wetting agents, foaming agents.

Chemical and air-mechanical foams for extinguishing fires have been widely used. Chemical foam is produced by mixing foams with water in foam generators. Air-mechanical foam is a mechanical mixture of air, water and foaming agent.

Solid extinguishing agents in the form of powders are used to extinguish small sunbathing and also in cases where other extinguishing agents cannot be used. These include: sand, potash, alum, dry land, bi-carbonaceous soda, etc. The fire extinguishing action of the powders consists in the isolation of the combustion zone, as a rule, powder compositions are released into the fire center by compressed nitrogen or air .

The fire alarm that notifies the fire authorities of the enterprise about the place of fire occurrence is automatic and manual. The automatic alarm uses sensors. The sensors are connected to the receiving station in a beam or ring pattern. In manual alarm, push-button detectors are used. Telephone communication is also widely used to report a fire.

Environmental protection

During the construction process, an inevitable blow is dealt to the ecology in the area of ​ ​ construction work, this is both the exhaust of construction equipment and the consequences of violation of the vegetal layer of soil during the planning process. Soil-spilled oils, chemical solvents, fuel, etc., are also dangerous. The factor disrupting the environmental balance can be noise coming from the construction site.

During the construction process, simple provisions for the protection of the environment and natural resources must be strictly observed:

- upon completion of construction works, it is necessary to restore the damaged soil layer, greening, planting shrubs;

-The place of dumping of non-visible wastes shall be filled with soil after the cessation of their use;

-it is categorically forbidden to leave cast concrete or mortar on the ground;

- if trees are present in the construction area, but they do not impede the construction itself and can be done without their sawing, then they must be left untouched;

- construction waste should be removed from the construction site to specially designated places;

- when using daylight lamps (LB, LD, LDC) or gas-discharge mercury lamps (HDR) on the object, it is necessary to strictly ensure that lamps that have served their term do not break.