Design of a 5-storey residential building

Contents

Introduction

1 Space planning solution

2 Design solution

2.1 Foundations

2.2 Exterior Walls

2.3 Internal walls and partitions

2.4 Floors and floors

2.5 Coating and roofing

2.6 Stairs

2.7 Windows and Doors

Conclusion

List of sources used

APPENDIX 1 Thermal design of the outer wall

APPENDIX 2 Graphic part

Introduction

The purpose of the work is the architectural design of an apartment building. The building is designed in the city of Mariinsk, Kemerovo region .

Mariinsk is one of the oldest cities in the Kemerovo region, located on the banks of the Kiya River. The relief of the city is flat. The average annual temperature is minus 0.1 ° C. The climate is sharply continental.

The city is characterized by the maximum volume of the private sector. In order to reduce the area of ​ ​ development and provide more people with living space, it is proposed to increase the number of apartment buildings. This design and graphic work presents the architectural design of one of these buildings for construction in Mariinsk.

Climatic characteristics of the construction site:

- climatic area and sub-area - I B [9, Appendix A]

- design outside air temperature of the most cold five-day coverage of 0.92 - minus 40 ◦S [9, Table 3.1]

- snow area - III [5, Appendix E, Map 1]

- wind area - IV [5, Appendix K, Map 2]

- seismicity in MSK scale points for mass construction - seismic is not taken into account [3, Appendix A].

Main characteristics of the building:

- level of responsibility - normal [2, St.4]

- fire resistance rating - II [1, St.30]

- structural fire hazard class - C0 [1, Table 22]

- functional fire hazard class - F1.3 [1, St.32]

Space Planning Solution

The space-planning solution of the building is the system of combining the main and auxiliary rooms of selected sizes and shapes into a single integral composition.

In terms of area (57.2 km2) and population (37,912 people) for Mariinsk, as for a small city, the optimal option is the development of an average storey. In this regard, when designing an apartment building, the number of floors is 5. The dimensions of the building on the plan in the axes 111 - 62.14 m; in axes A-B - 14.4 m. The height of the building is 20.5 m. The height of the floor is 3.3 m. The height of the room is 3.08 m.

The planning diagram of the designed apartment building is two-section. Sectional houses are acceptable in any climatic area, convenient for planning medium-sized apartments of a mass type, carried out in simple design schemes with complete unification of elements. Sectional houses are most economical in construction and effective in providing apartments with engineering improvement.

In each section on the floor there are three apartments: one one room and two three rooms. Three-apartment sections are more economical than two-apartment sections. They have partially limited orientation (orientation of one of facades is limited) that provides them sufficient town-planning maneuverability. In these sections, two apartments have two-sided orientation and through ventilation and one, smaller apartment in area, one-sided orientation. The section layout is symmetrical.

The room of the sectional house, in addition to apartments, includes service and utility rooms. To reduce the cost of construction, the utility room is combined for two sections and is located in the basement of the building.

The entrance to the apartment building is through a stairwell. When entering the stairwell, a vestibule is arranged, the doors of which open to the outside. According to its structure, the staircase of the residential building is two marching and is located in the stairwell. The stairwell has natural lighting through windows in the outer walls.

The apartment is the main cell, from which all residential buildings are built, both small and the largest. The overall quality of the apartment building depends on how convenient and rational it is in its planning structure. The main quality characterizing the planning solution of the apartment is functional zoning. Functional zoning is the division of the volume of the apartment into zones that include rooms with various functional purposes (a zone with recreation rooms, a zone with day activity rooms, etc.). All living rooms are lit by natural light. Sanitary units are equipped with toilets, baths, washbasins. Gas supply and hot water supply is provided from the external network. Heating - water, central sectional. The premises in the building are provided with the necessary insolation and ventilation. Ventilation of living rooms is provided through windows. Exhaust ventilation devices are located in sanitary units.

In a one-room apartment, the room serves as a place of various activities, rest and sleep. A large area of ​ ​ the room and its placement in the depths of the apartment allow you to highlight areas convenient for this. The sanitary unit is combined and located in the entrance part of the apartment to insulate the living room from noise. The size of the kitchen allows it to be equipped with various appliances. All spaces have a separate entrance from the corridor.

In three-bedroom apartments, great opportunities have been created for various zoning options. The largest room (common), bathroom and kitchen are located at the front of the apartment in connection with the corridor. The common room is central and aisle. The other two rooms have an entrance through the central, located in the most isolated part of the apartment, away from the kitchen and stairwell, have a convenient connection with the combined sanitary unit and can be equipped as sleeping rooms .

Areas of apartments:

One bedroom apartment:

Living space - 36.4 m2

Area - 73.4 m2

Total area - 75.56 m2

Three bedroom apartment:

Living area - 126.4 m2

Area - 167.12 m2

Total area - 169.28 m2

The total number of apartments in the house is 30.

Constructive solution

The structural solution of the building consists in selection of materials of structures and determination of interconnection of all structural elements providing strength, rigidity, stability and the required level of operational quality of the building.

A structural system is an interconnected set of vertical and horizontal structural structures of a building that perceive all loads and impacts, ensuring the strength, spatial rigidity and stability of the building.

The main structural elements of the building are: foundations, walls, individual supports, floors, roofs, stairs, partitions, doors and windows.

The overall stability and spatial rigidity of the building depend on the mutual combination and arrangement of the structural elements, the strength of the joints, etc.

The structural system of the designed residential building is wall (arceless). The main features are walls and floors. Structural diagram with longitudinal-transverse arrangement of bearing walls and supporting floor panels on them on two sides.

In buildings with load-bearing walls, spatial rigidity is ensured by:

internal transverse walls, including walls of staircases connected to longitudinal external walls;

inter-floor slabs linking walls and dividing them in height into tiers.

2.1 Foundations

The foundation is called the underground structure, which takes loads from the building and transfers it to the base - the ground.

Reinforced concrete strip prefabricated foundations were used in the designed building. The ribbon foundation is a continuous or discontinuous ribbon that repeats the outline of the building's capital walls - bearing and self-bearing. Prefabricated strip foundations consist of reinforced concrete foundation slabs (FL) and concrete foundation blocks (FBS). Foundation slabs are laid directly on the base, and blocks are laid on cement sand mortar with obligatory dressing of seams.

Based on the fact that the wall thickness of the building is 380 mm, the thickness of the FBS foundation block is accepted as 400 mm. The length of the foundation blocks in accordance with GOST 135792018 is assumed to be 2,400,,1,200,,900 mm.

Hot bitumen coating is used as waterproofing of the foundation. Removal of atmospheric water is achieved by an outflow device with a width of at least 0.5 m with a slope of 23% from the building. The outflow consists of compacted gravel of crushed stone and asphalt surface.

2.2 Exterior Walls

Walls are the most important structural elements of the building. They serve not only as vertical enclosing structures, but also as structural elements on which floor slabs and coverings rest.

External walls separate rooms from external space. In the designed building, the external walls are made of clay ordinary brick using chain masonry: stamen rows alternate with spoon. Horizontal and vertical seams between bricks are completely filled with cement sand mortar. Wall thickness excluding insulation - 380 mm.

According to the heat engineering calculation, the basalt wool Technonikol Technolait Optima 200 mm thick was used as the insulation. The basalt insulator consists of molten and yarn-stretched fibers. When mixed in chaotic order, they form an air, but strong and warm material. A huge number of air bubbles accumulate between the fibers, which provide a heat insulating effect, and also demonstrate the ability to reflect and absorb sound. Thus, in addition to thermal insulation, when using this material, it will be possible to increase the sound insulation of the building. Among other technical characteristics are fire resistance, environmental friendliness and durability of the insulation. Taking into account the insulation, the thickness of the outer wall is 580 mm.

The exterior walls are decorated with facade tiles Technonikol Hauberk (Hauberk) collection Brick, which has additional properties of noise insulation, moisture resistance, incombustibility, frost resistance, UV protection and thermal insulation.

2.3 Internal walls and partitions

Internal walls and partitions, as well as external walls, are made of clay ordinary brick on cement sand mortar.

Interior walls are vertical enclosing structures that separate spaces from each other. The thickness of the internal load-bearing walls is 380 mm.

Partitions separate one room from another. They are based on inter-floor floors and thus differ from the internal walls, which are based on the foundation. The thickness of the inter-apartment partitions is 250 mm, the inter-room partitions are 120 mm.

Sound insulation is important in the arrangement of partitions: when the floor adjoins the partitions, sound-insulating layers of elastic material are laid; under the bottom of the partition there are special diaphragms made of dense materials with careful sealing of all slots; at connection of partitions with walls and to each other there is provided density of joints, for that clearances and seams are sealed with cement-sand mortar.

2.4 Floors and floors

Slabs - horizontal fences that separate the interior

building space on separate floors. Floors are structural

structures that take all the load from the above

building structures, as well as everything that is located at floor level (people, furniture, equipment, etc.) on the walls (or supports and foundation).

Floors shall meet the requirements of strength, rigidity, durability, thermal insulation and sound insulation, industriality, economy and fire resistance. They consist of a load-bearing part transmitting a load to the walls and a fence, which includes floors and ceilings.

Prefabricated slabs made of reinforced concrete multistage slabs are used in the designed building. Multistage floor slab - reinforced concrete floor slab, in the body of which there are hollow formers (punches), located with a certain pitch parallel to the long side of the slab.

Prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs of floors are rigidly sealed in walls by means of anchor anchorages and are attached to each other by welded or reinforcement bonds. Sutures between plates are ground with solution. Thus, rigid horizontal discs are obtained that increase the carrying capacity of buildings.

The designed building uses hollow reinforced concrete slabs 1K with a thickness of 220 mm with round voids with a diameter of 159 mm, designed to rest on two sides, 7.0 m long and 1.2 m wide and 1.5 m.

Floors are arranged along the floor. The upper structural layer of the floor directly exposed to operational effects is called pure floor or floor covering. The laminated structure of the floor provides high resistance to abrasion and shocks, low heat absorption, waterproof and sound insulation.

2.5 Roof and roof covering

The roof is the upper load-bearing and painting structure of the building, designed to protect the premises from external climatic factors and impacts .

The roof of the designed building is a waltz (four-pitched). The shaft structure is suitable for large-area houses and withstands large wind loads.

The main elements of the roof are the 100x100 mauerlat, 100x150 bed, 100x150 bottom run, 100x150 skate run, 100x100 stand, 50x150 rafter leg, 100x100 brace, 50x100 mare, 30x150 grille and 100x100 girder.

Wooden inclined rafters are load-bearing elements of the roof. Mauerlats are laid along the entire length of the wall; a brace is arranged, since the roof span is 14.4 m; distance between rafter legs - 1.7 m; posts are installed on the bed with a pitch of 4.25 m; the lower ends of the rafters do not extend beyond the mauerlat; to attach the screen in the cornice part of the roof to the rafters, short boards called mare are nailed.

To divert meltwater and rainwater from the roof surface, an organized drainage is arranged, which is carried out along external drains.

The roof is the upper element of the building cover, subject to atmospheric effects. Its main function is to protect the interior from atmospheric precipitation and impacts. The main requirements for the roof are lightness, durability, cost-effectiveness in manufacture and operation. The roof consists of a bearing layer, which is held on the load-bearing structure of the roof, layers of insulation and coating, providing protection against environmental influences.

Structure of the roof of the designed building: S20 structural structure, grating with a spacing of 400 mm, insulation URSA120.

Conclusion

In the process of work, the space-planning structure and the structural solution of a single-apartment residential building were considered. Drawings were completed: facades, floor plans, section, roof plan, foundation plan, floor plan, heat engineering calculation of the outer wall. In performing the work, such architectural, planning and structural solutions were used that most fully satisfy the purpose of the building, all design standards, the requirements of industriality, strength, durability, architectural expressiveness.

новая ргр.dwg