Two-storey residential building and one-storey technical building - AR

Contents

Introduction

A) Main tasks of housing design

B) Justification of project relevance

Source Data

General plan

Architectural and planning solutions

Space Planning Solution

Functional diagrams

Exterior and interior decoration of the residential building

Building materials and house structures

Design Diagram Justification

Substantiation of structural materials

Proposals for a constructive solution

Engineering equipment

Water supply, sewerage, heating, ventilation

Introduction.

A) The main tasks of housing design are the creation of the most favorable living environment conditions that meet the functional, physiological and aesthetic needs of people. Functional needs are provided by creating the most favorable convenient conditions for all types of life activities in housing: rest, parenting, farming, communication, personal activities and others.

The physiological needs of people are reflected in the sanitary and hygienic requirements for the physical part of the qualities of the living environment of the dwelling: temperature, humidity, air purity, natural lighting, insolation, sound insulation from external noise. The internal environment of the dwelling is closely related to the environment, and therefore the requirements for the dwelling are directly dependent on the natural and climatic conditions and other local conditions and materials and structures are established only in connection with them.

The aesthetic requirements of people must be satisfied with the high quality and artistic solution of the interior spaces of dwellings, facade decoration, architecture of buildings and surrounding buildings.

The space-planning structure of residential buildings is formed on the basis of social and household requirements, climatic conditions, technological progress and economic requirements, and economic requirements largely determine the development of space-planning and structural solutions of buildings .

Housing should fully satisfy the needs of families in terms of number, national and household differences, occupation. It should protect against unwanted environmental influences and create appropriate cultural and technical comfort. When designing residential buildings, it is necessary to provide good living and leisure conditions for family members, cultural and household activities, raising children, cooking and eating amenities, and cleaning premises. With this in mind, the engineering and sanitary equipment of houses should include water supply, sewerage, central heating, gas, electric lighting, bathrooms, telephone.

Residential buildings should also have an attractive appearance and good interior decoration. In addition, they must be reliable in operation, strong, the main structural elements should not require frequent and ongoing repairs.

At the same time, residential buildings must meet the technical and economic requirements presented for all types of buildings: strength, durability, provision of engineering equipment (water, power supply, sewage, etc.), fire safety, cost-effectiveness of construction and operation.

This coursework presents a two-story residential building with a bath and a garage connected to the house by a covered gallery, designed for a family of 3-4 people.

The architectural and planning solution of the cottage provides for the presence of 3 zones: residential, economic and health corners.

We will take the premises to the living area: bedrooms, children. room, hall (living room).

To the economic zone - kitchen head, sun. knots, storerooms, boiler rooms.

As a health corner, we use steam, sauna and Jacuzzi.

The layout provides a convenient interconnection of rooms. There are no passing rooms in the project. The large size of the kitchen-dining room and guest rooms are justified, because it is in them that we spend most of the daytime.

Since a large house is provided for 2 san knots. Moreover, the entrance to one of them is conducted directly from the bedrooms. And another sun. knot in the bath .

B) Justification of the project relevance. The relevance of this project can be judged by the number of people living. In Russia, the most common families consist of 3-4 people. I.e. this project is suitable for most Russians living in the middle zone. It can be used as a country house, where owners and numerous guests will rest. So, as a house, for permanent residence. Given the peculiarities of the project, such as an indoor gallery, you can, even in heavy rain, drain the bath or get into the car without getting wet at all. And if you like rain, you can sit on an open veranda and admire. The use of boiler rooms allows you to adjust the room temperature yourself and not freeze while waiting for you to be given hot heating. And also use this project, where it is not provided at all. The comfortable accommodation of rooms and the availability of storefronts makes this project very relevant nowadays.

Source Data

Construction district: the district of Ufa, the village of Balanovo - Novo-Aleksandrovka.

House type: 4 room, brick

Foundations and material of the main elements of the building:

Grounds:

Foundations: prefabricated belt railway

Wall: brick, plastered

Floor: reinforced concrete

Staircase: reinforced concrete

Rafters: wooden

Roof: metal cut.

General Plan.

The site is located in the suburban zone on a hill. It is oriented in length in a southwest direction. The associated winds are also southwestern. The length of the site is 49 meters, and the width is 29.5 meters. There are good access roads and communications. A residential area, a recreation area and a children's area stand out. The residential area includes a residential building, paths around the house, a covered gallery, a bathhouse connected to the garage, a platform for cars to come in. To the recreation area: a fountain, a green lawn and flower beds, planted with a variety of flowers, as well as a small garden with fruit trees and shrubs, enclosing the site on three sides. In the children's area: there is a sandbox with a fungus, a swing and a game area planted with lawn grass. The section on all sides is fenced with a forged fence.

Building materials and house structures.

Substantiation of design diagram.

The design of the house is developed on the basis of the principle of assembling the main structural elements of the house. " Used industrial production structures are adopted in accordance with the current catalogues of industrial structures. Dimensions taking into account the weight of structural elements are adopted based on the lifting capacity of the installation crane - 10 tons. Normative payloads accepted:

-to cover snow - 100 kgsm2

-story floors - 150 kgsm2

-stairs - 300 kgsm2

The house is designed in accordance with SNiP "Residential buildings - design standards." And also GOST 956191 "Reinforced concrete multi-structure slabs for buildings and structures. Specifications "

Substantiation of structural materials.

1) Foundation tape, prefabricated of foundation blocks and foundation cushions. The main and good blocks:

FBS6; FBS69 for external bearing walls of FBS3; FS39 for internal bearing walls.

2) Walls of silicate brick with a continuous density of 1400 kgm3 on cement sand mortar. Partial plaster of the building (some places are made of facing brick and do not plaster). On top of ordinary plaster is textured plaster, followed by painting with facade paint.

3) Slabs and coverings are designed from typical prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs with preliminary reinforcement stress.. Both floor slabs of typical industrial manufacture and monolithic slabs are used, made directly during the construction of the house, by laying reinforcement rods and pouring. Finished cement sand mortar into the manufactured formwork, the cement brand provides for the load to which the monolithic section will be subjected. In total, there are two monolithic sections in the floor plan of the first and second floors.

4) Partitions in residential rooms are made of full brick, 200 mm thick.

5) Seams between partitions, walls, ceiling are carefully sealed and soaked, canned with mortar to provide the necessary inter-storey sound insulation.

6) Stairs leading from the first floor to the second floor consist of reinforced concrete steps and steel casaurs. To interface kasaurs with area beams, nests are provided in the latter, where kasaurs are started. Communication between stair elements is achieved by welding embedded parts. Stages are laid on casaurs on cement mortar. The retractable staircase leading to the attic is a steel structure made of steel posts and steel stages welded to them. All stairs are supplemented with railings, which are also a decorative element of the room and can be made of wood, at the request of the customer.

7) Windows largely determine the degree of comfort in the building, its architectural and artistic solution. They are selected in accordance with the areas of the illuminated rooms. Windows 1.2 meters high, and 1.5 or 0.7 meters wide, but there are not typical ones that are custom-made by the construction company, frames are wooden, double glazing, the window sill in the kitchen is tiled, in other rooms the window sills are plastic.

8) Doors are designed in accordance with GOST, both internal and external, reinforced. Both double-floor and single-floor door boxes are used, door boxes are fixed in openings to antiseptic wooden plugs embedded in walls during wall masonry. For external doors, boxes are arranged with thresholds, for internal doors without thresholds. All doors are made of wooden massif, different relief and insertion of decorative glass are used at the request of the customer. Dimensions: 0.97 for external and 0.8 for internal doors. Double-floor door 1.2 meters.

9) Floors in the building shall meet the requirements of strength, resistance, wear, sufficient humidity, noiselessness, convenience of cleaning. The floor structure is considered as the soundproofing ability of the floor structure plus the soundproofing of the floor structure.

10) The roof structure consists of wooden elements, the roof is covered with metal, the necessary slope is maintained, taking into account the load in the winter, from snow, the pediments are laid with brick, they have windows. The roofs of the porch, verandah and covered gallery rest on steel pipes decorated for wooden pillars. Everywhere, except for the roof of the porch, the roofs are double-pitched. There are three-pitched elements on the utility building. Two-pitched and three-pitched roofs are made according to the scheme of rafter trusses.

Proposals for a constructive solution.

The two-story residential building developed in this project has an arceless structural system.

Walls made of brick are used as enclosing structural structures. Floor plates act as horizontal stiffening disk.

Walls and partitions in a building made of ordinary clay brick on cement sand mortar. The wall structure is solid masonry 640 mm. Internal bearing walls 380 mm thick and partitions 200 mm thick. The foundations are tape, prefabricated, reinforced concrete, consists of prefabricated reinforced concrete pillow blocks and foundation blocks. Floor slabs are reinforced concrete. The roof is rolling. Structural elements of the roof are wooden. Metal sheet coating .

External water supply. The inner forested consists of reinforced concrete steps and steel casaurs.

Engineering equipment.

Water supply, sewerage, heating, ventilation.

Water supply is carried out from the central water supply network, but a water metering unit is installed at the entrance to the building.

Drains from a residential building are diverted to the external sewage network. Sewage drains are drained into the external network and combined by the outlet.

Heat supply is provided from a gas boiler without connection to an external heat supply network.

Ventilation system - natural (through exhaust tubes, window windows). Air conditioners are available.

Готовый курсовой проект.dwg