Course project in the discipline "Repair and maintenance of trading equipment "

Contents

CONTENTS

Introduction

1.1.Analysis of main characteristics of commercial technological equipment

1.2. Calculation and selection of rigging equipment and equipment

1.2.1 Manufacturer's requirements for equipment transportation

1.2.2 Calculation of forces during movement and lifting of equipment

1.2.3 Selection of rigging equipment and accessories

1.2.4 Equipment slinging

1.3. Calculation and preparation of foundations for equipment

1.4.1 Installation of commercial equipment

1.4.2 Connection of equipment to the mains

1.4.3 Piping installation

1.5. Electric lighting of the trading room

1.5.1 Selection of lamps and their location

1.5.2 Calculation of commercial enterprise lighting

1.5.3 Calculation of the trading enterprise power supply system

1.6. Maintenance and operation of equipment

1.6.1 Technical care of equipment

1.6.2 Selection of lubricants

1.6.3 Structural measures to improve performance

1.7. Repair of commercial and technological equipment

1.7.1 Calculation of the number of repairs and equipment downtime

1.7.2 Repair of the unit of commercial and technological equipment

Conclusion

List of sources used

Applications

Introduction

Currently, an in-line mechanized line for the digestion of food fats from fat pulp P3FTB1 is widely used. The main working unit is the AVZh-245 mill smelter, which consists of a flange electric motor installed on a vertical bed. Housing is fixed on flange of electric motor, and perforated drum is fixed on rotor shaft. Knife with double-sided sharpening is secured in drum center by two bolts. Two blades are installed on outer surface of drum. Perforation of the side wall of the drum is formed by 152 holes with a diameter of 6 mm. The outer diameter of the drum is 290 mm, and the gap between it and the housing is 7.5 mm. Drum speed 24 s-1. Drum hub is sealed with gland seal with swivel nut. Two fixed knives adjoin drum inner surface with adjustable clearance. Consisting of sharpened plate to which round rods are welded. Thread is made on ends of rods, which allows adjusting clearance and degree of grinding at the same time with the help of nuts. Two branch pipes are welded tangentially to housing for supply of steam and discharge of molten fat mass. In the upper part the housing is closed by a cover with a loading hopper.

Fat raw materials received for processing are loaded into the bin of the AVZH245 machine. Once on a fixed knife rotating with the drum, it is roughly ground and thrown to the walls of the drum. Under the action of centrifugal forces, the fat is pressed into the holes of the drum, cut by fixed knives and enters the space formed by the inner wall of the body and the rotating drum, where acute steam is supplied at a pressure of 0.15 MPa. Pieces of fat instantly warm up and melt. Short-term heating of fat raw materials allows to obtain high-quality fat.

Equipment slinging

The most important and time-consuming operation to prepare the equipment for installation in the design position is slinging. 10-15% of the total installation time is allocated for slinging and disassembly. When selecting the method of slinging, the following are taken into account: mass, size, configuration, material and location of the center of mass of the lifting apparatus or structure; method of lifting and installation on the foundation of the apparatus or structure; number and characteristics of lifting means, as well as the structure of the gripping device (hook, earring of the lifting polyspast of the mast); height and configuration of the foundation for the apparatus or structure.

The following are presented for slinging of process equipment

requirements: reduced labour intensity and duration of slinging and disassembly, inventory of sling devices and their reliability are possible.

In this case, the use of the sling can be carried out by means of traverses. Traverse - in the simplest case, it is a horizontal beam that serves to distribute lifting forces to several sling points. Crossarms are made of channels, I-beams.

Installation of equipment

Installation of commercial equipment

On the foundation frame, the machine is installed using lifting mechanisms. The car is installed in such a way that during the repair it can be assembled and disassembled.

The frame disconnected from the bed with the help of installation screws must be adjusted by the level and reliably attached to the metal structures of the floor or poured with concrete.

Prior to installation, the equipment shall be inspected externally for compliance with safety regulations; check of equipment completeness; check of availability and serviceability of protective enclosures, check of reliability of fixation and absence of mechanical damages of protective grounding (suspension) of equipment; check of wiring serviceability; inspection of electrical equipment and tightening of electrical contact connections; check of equipment operation and lubrication level in reduction gears.

Before installation, all metal parts of the press are cleaned from rust, bent places are flushed, rollers and ball bearings are washed with kerosene .

After completion of installation and commissioning works carried out by specialized organizations, the apparatus shall be subjected to test idling tests in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

Specially trained personnel are allowed to work.

Before starting work, the maintenance personnel shall check:

absence of foreign objects in the screw chamber;

availability of enclosures on press drives;

serviceability of the main equipment and mechanisms.

Safety and maintenance instructions for the ejector are developed for each type separately taking into account design features.

Connection of equipment to the mains

The equipment is connected to the mains according to the diagrams and instructions of the supplier plants. Before connection, it is necessary to study in detail the operation of the equipment according to the schematic diagram, link the schematic diagram with the wiring diagram and determine which wire connections need to be made.

On schematic diagrams, connections of electric receivers and various equipment are depicted in the form most accessible for perception. However, it is difficult to make connections of the installation elements and connect the equipment to the network according to schematic diagrams (the position of the installation elements on these diagrams does not correspond to their actual location, it is necessary to provide for convenient switching of the elements to various mains voltage and disconnecting them for repair), therefore the connections are made according to wiring diagrams.

Electrical wiring from starting devices to equipment not adjacent to walls is laid in steel pipes buried in the floor. In one pipe, it is allowed to lay together the wires of power lines, grounded neutral and control circuits. To tighten the wires, a thin steel wire is first passed into the pipe, a bundle of wires is attached to the wire and pulled through them.

Protection against electric shock shall be performed in accordance with PSV 33 2000441 and related requirements

The first connection of electrical equipment to the network must be made by an employee with the appropriate electrical qualification, who, after connection, must check the correctness of the electrical equipment functions, including the protection and safety shutdown of the machine.

Electrical safety

1. press bed must be reliably grounded;

2. check the serviceability of the supply cable before actuation of the dejet projector;

3. mains voltage shall be 220/380 V;

4. connection of the power supply to the electrical network must be through a special interrupter, which turns off the power supply of the power supply to reduce the insulation of the electrical equipment.

Maintenance and operation of equipment

Trade and technological equipment is an important part of the fixed assets of the trading enterprise. Therefore, the rational use, preservation of the operability and durability of the equipment should be the subject of daily attention and care of all workers in the production industry. To do this, it is necessary to properly organize the operation of the equipment, timely perform and eliminate problems in the operation of the equipment, competent and qualified inter-repair maintenance and repair.

The successful solution of these tasks depends to a large extent on the level of training of operating and repairmen, their ability to prevent and eliminate equipment malfunctions in a timely manner, competent and qualified performance of inter-repair maintenance and repair.

Restoration of operating parameters of the equipment is possible with careful care of it, systematic inspection, carrying out all types of repairs with replacement of worn out parts and corresponding adjustment of the equipment.

This procedure of equipment operation is recommended by the scheduled preventive repair system.

Maintenance of the machine is called the operation stage, which includes organizational and technical measures aimed at maintaining the reliability and readiness of the equipment used or stored.

Maintenance of the machine includes works to directly ensure the operability of the equipment (prevention, maintenance, control measures), as well as specific technical preparations for work (regulation, refueling, equipment, lubrication) and other works, most of which are carried out without removing and disassembling individual units and units.

Prior to machine start-up, lubrication and rotor rotation are checked, and clearance between knives and rotor shell is installed. The knives are adjusted with nuts that are fixed by the cheek.

During operation of the machine, steam is first started and heated, and then the rotor is turned on and loaded with raw materials. The rotor must rotate smoothly. The machine cover is tightly pressed to the housing by bolts.

Sharpening of knives, as well as lubrication of ball bearings of rotor shaft is performed 2-3 times a month. When the machine is finished, it is thoroughly washed and lubricated .

Technical Equipment Care

Technical care of equipment is carried out by operational personnel (locksmiths on duty, technicians, operators, etc.) and maintenance personnel (assistants of craftsmen, locksmiths on duty, electricians, instrument craftsmen, etc.) under the guidance of shift supervisors (sections, departments, shift craftsmen) in accordance with the operating instructions on workplaces and regulations.

Daily maintenance is the main and decisive preventive measure designed to ensure reliable operation of the equipment between repairs.

Therefore, at all enterprises it is necessary to have clear instructions for each workplace, which should reflect comprehensive instructions for monthly maintenance of each type of equipment included in the technological system.

Daily maintenance includes the following main works: wiping, cleaning, regular external inspection, lubrication, tightening of glands, checking the condition of oil and cooling systems of bearings, monitoring the condition of fasteners, joints and their tightening, checking the serviceability of grounding, elimination of minor defects, partial adjustment, detection of the general state of thermal insulation and corrosion protection, checking the condition of enclosing devices in order to ensure safety conditions. Process maintenance is carried out, as a rule, without stopping the process equipment, the detected defects and faults should be eliminated as soon as possible by the process and duty shift repair personnel and recorded in the shift log. The shift log, as a rule, is kept by the shift manager or foremen of the repair staff.

Izmelchitel-plavitel AVZh245 - daily before work wash with hot water of temperature of 9598 °C. Purification from dense sediments of protein and fat origin is carried out by circulation method once a week with application of detergent composition consisting of:

- sodium metasilicate - 1.2%

- trisodium phosphate - 0.6 %

- soda ash - 0.4%

- sodium tripolyphosphate - 0.05%

- water up to - 100.0 %.

Sanitary treatment is also carried out using a detergent alkaline solution. Once every 510 days, sanitary treatment of the equipment is carried out using a washing degreasing alkaline solution.

The following solutions are used for prophylactic disinfection:

- clarified solution of chlorine lime with content of 1-2% of active chlorine ;

- 2% chloramine solution;

- 2-4% hot solution of caustic potassium or sodium;

- hot composition: 0.5% sodium dichloroisocyanurate

- 1.0% synthamida5.

6.2 Selection of lubricants

Liquid mineral oils and greases are used for lubrication of units of commercial and technological equipment.

In this equipment, the spaces of bearing assemblies must be filled with plastic lubricant Litol42 GOST 2115080.

Petroleum oil with a viscosity of 6075 mm2/s at 50 ° C, thickened with lithium soap of 12hydroxystearic acid; contains antioxidant and viscous additives.

Application of Litol-24 lubricant:

Rolling and sliding bearings of all types, hinges, gear and other gears, friction surfaces of wheeled and tracked vehicles, industrial mechanisms, electric machines, etc.

Main performance characteristics:

- High colloidal, chemical and mechanical stability, water resistance even in boiling water, is not strengthened by heating.

- Operable at temperature − 40... + 120 ° С, remains operable for a short time at temperature + 130 ° С.

- Performed as per GOST 2115080.

PROPERTIES OF LITOL LUBRICATION 24 :

 High-performance lubrication for friction units of modern equipment and transport.

 Has high colloidal, chemical and mechanical stability.

 Water resistance to boiling water, does not harden when heated.

 Has good anticorrosion properties.

 Has exceptional tensile and shear strength, excellent sealing properties.

6.3 Structural measures to improve performance

To improve performance, the following changes have been made to the shredder design:

- Increased power of drive motor to 18.5 kW.

- Install a mesh of thicker steel sheet 5 mm thick on the grinder.

- Increase of drum speed.

- Use of knives with double-sided sharpening.

- Short-term heating of raw materials (3 s) at relatively low process temperature

Conclusion

The main characteristics of the AVZh-245 chopper were analyzed; rigging equipment and accessories are calculated and selected; calculated forces during movement and lifting of equipment; rigging equipment and equipment were selected; foundations for equipment are designed; the selection of lamps and their location was carried out; Commercial enterprise lighting is calculated; lubricants for commercial equipment were selected; the number of repairs and equipment downtime is calculated.