Block section 9-storey 36-apartment private 2-2-3-3 -AP

Contents

Introduction

1 Architectural - structural part

1.1 Master Plan

1.1.1 Shape and dimensions of the site, its construction, orientation

1.1.2 Vertical alignment of the building on the ground

1.1.3 Landscaping and landscaping of the built-up area

1.1.4 Technical - Economic Indicators of the General Plan

1.2 Space-planning solutions of the building

1.2.1 Building configuration and parameters

1.2.2 Structural diagram of the building. Providing Spatial

rigidity

1.2.3 Basement

1.2.4 Ensuring evacuation of people from the building

1.2.5 Technical - economic parameters of the building

1.3 Calculations for Architectural and Structural Part

1.3.1 Heat Engineering Wall Calculation

1.3.2 Definition of EEC

1.4 Structural solution of the building

1.4.1 Foundations. Substantiation of foundation depth

1.4.2 Covering and covering

1.4.3 Walls. Partitions

1.4.4 Windows. Doors

1.4.5 Coating. Drainage. Protection

1.4.6 Floors

1.4.7 Ladder

1.5 Finishing of the building

1.5.1 Exterior Finishes

1.5.2 Interior Finishes

1.6 Engineering Equipment

1.6.1 Water supply

1.6.2 Heating

1.6.3 Sewerage

1.6.4 Power supply

1.6.5 Low current devices

1.6.6 Ventilation

1.6.7 Garbage line

1.7 Environmental Protection

1.8 List of sources used

Summary

The explanatory note contains 32 pages, including 4 figures, 11 tables, 12 sources. The graphic part is made on 2 sheets of A1 format.

In this work, the design of the block-section of the 9-storey 36quarter was carried out.

When designing a residential building, PROVEDAL plastic windows were used. In the work, external decoration with a facade system with metal panels Metal Kraspan Stone is used. As a floor coating, a laminate was used, the panels of which are connected to each other using a locking mechanism, as well as ceramic granite tiles. The inner lining of the walls is made of gypsum boards with a finish made of textile wallpaper. Laminated room doors were used. Suspended ceiling is used.

Introduction

The tasks solved at the present stage by Russian builders to accelerate the socio-economic development of the country are inextricably connected with the improvement of construction methods and the development of the construction industry.

The problem of providing each family with separate housing is still a problem in society. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to increase the construction of multi-storey buildings that meet current regulatory requirements. In rural and suburban areas, it is necessary to increase private construction on loans taken from public and private banks, which will also solve this problem faster. Joint-stock companies and private construction firms that carry out construction on the basis of a contractual system can also provide great assistance in resolving the issue.

Panel construction can be called one of the symbols of the middle of the last century and the volume of construction of this type of housing was also quite large. In 2000, new SNiPs were introduced in construction, from which consumers who received more comfortable apartments eventually benefited. The first to suffer from this were companies that produced components for panel house building: the produced range of products ceased to meet the requirements of heat engineering .

The situation by 20012002 of the panel manufacturing enterprises was very precarious. Production levels have declined. Many enterprises focused on large-panel house building invested in the modernization of equipment, but in terms of production volumes they clearly could not catch up with the leaders of the segment.

To raise panel construction to the level required by the introduced rules, it was necessary to switch to a three-layer panel, but because of this it would become much more difficult and more expensive. As a result, the construction of panel houses, in which people with relatively low incomes usually bought apartments, decreased sharply. Another significant drawback that has affected the reduction in the volume of panel house building: the size of the slabs limits the possibility of planning and redevelopment of apartments, unlike brick or monolithic construction, panel is too standard. In addition, you will not build a panel house in the city center, since it is very difficult to make an individual housing project of this type. Panel houses are built faster, and this also reduces the costs of developers. Such housing meets the requirements of social programs, the main of which are a small meter and a low cost per square meter. In order for this type of construction to develop, it is necessary to put the production of the corresponding components on the conveyor, and for this purpose the plant of reinforced concrete products must receive orders for at least 3040 houses per year. But in some cities, panel construction is slow, but developing.

The relevance of panel housing in different cities explains by the fact that here the overall living standard of the population is lower than in cities where consumers with wealth are focused on spacious apartments of high comfort and individual architecture. Therefore, more people are ready to improve their living conditions precisely due to cheaper apartments in panel houses .

The active development of panel construction is associated with the ability to conduct work quickly, and this advantage is of particular importance for this young city. In the absence of improved technology for the construction (manufacture) of large-span floor slabs and additional insulation of wall panels, this market will exist at the same low demand level.

Panel construction can develop as part of the construction of social housing. If the presidential program to double the number of housing introduced begins to operate, then without a panel type of houses it will be very difficult to implement. At all times, there will be people who do not have enough funds to buy brick housing. Panel housing will always be in demand as economy housing - class.

1Architectural - Design Part

1.1 Master Plan

1.1.1 Shape and size of the plot, its development

The site on which the designed rectangular building is located is 133.45 × 233.20 meters in size.

Absolute ground layout elevation H0 = 79.150 m.

On the site, in addition to the designed building, there are :

- 2 brick 5 storey residential buildings;

- 2 grocery stores;

- car park;

- dog walking area;

- platform for household needs;

- playground with carousels, swings and sandboxes;

- football field.

The site complies with all sanitary and fire safety standards based on SNiP II8980 *.

1.1.3 Landscaping and landscaping of the built-up area

The section is located near the transport highway, which provides free access. Entry to the courtyard is provided from a secondary street.

Utility networks are placed within the cross-section of the road: under sidewalks. The width of the main roads is accepted 12 m, inside-courtyard 4.0 m, sidewalks 1.5 m. Landscaping is provided along roads, passageways, around the building, as well as in free sections.

Shrubs are given various forms. The area of ​ ​ individual sections of the landscaped territory includes recreation grounds, children's games, pedestrian paths and passages 1.5 m wide. Sidewalks and passages are laid out with tiles with different colors. Drainage, irrigation and lighting systems are arranged. Carousels and swings, as well as sandboxes, are arranged for children. Fire hydrants are provided on the site, which are tied to the city water supply system. For the collection of household garbage, the installation of containers is provided. From the middle of the road in width, the roadway is designed with a slight slope so that rainwater and meltwater flow quickly. For a quiet rest in the courtyard territory, the arrangement of benches and arbors is provided, which are painted in light tones. Car parking is designed close to the main road.

1.2 Space Planning Solutions

1.2.1 Plan layout and parameters of the building

The designed building in the plan has a polygonal shape with dimensions in the axes "As" - "Ds" - 12000 mm, and in the axes "1s" - "7s" - 25200 mm.

The designed building is 9 storeys with a floor height of 2800 mm. The building is a block section. The residential part of the building is 9 floors, on each floor there are 2 two-room and 2 three-room apartments. Communication between floors takes place using a staircase.

The total height of the building from the level of the clean floor of the first floor is 31.400 m .

1.2.2 Structural diagram of the building. Provision of spatial stiffness.

The designed building is arceless, with longitudinal and transverse bearing walls. The building is based on a planar cellular system.

The building was built according to the 90 series. The spatial rigidity of the building is ensured by the mutual operation of the external and internal load-bearing walls, slabs and slabs, walls and a stair assembly. External and internal bearing walls are connected by welding embedded parts. Slabs and coverings are horizontal stiffening diaphragms. Sufficient rigidity is provided due to the area of support of the plate ends on the bearing walls to a depth of 100 mm, anchoring and creation of a hard disk by grouting the seams with cement-dried mortar of grade 100.

1.2.3 Basement

A basement is provided in the designed building. The basement height is 2.10 m. Communications are laid in the basement: the introduction of a power line with a device for a protective grounding loop, the introduction of a water pipeline with a device for a water metering unit, the withdrawal of sewage; laying of direct and return heat-system pipeline with control unit device. Warehouses can also be located in the basements, for this purpose in the basements there is a device for a waterproofing layer along the walls, a device for concrete floors of mosaic composition. The basement has both natural and artificial lighting. Heat and water supply pipes shall be laid in specially provided channels.

1.2.4 Ensuring evacuation of people from the building

Evacuation from residential floors is provided through staircases. There are also two exits to the roof from each stairwell. The width of the doors, corridors and passages on the escape routes is taken equal according to regulatory requirements. Doors on escape routes

1.4.5 Coating (roof), drainage, fencing

The roof according to the project is provided roll-free from reinforced concrete structures.

The purpose of the "SINZATIM" paste is a device without a seam carpet on the roof and repair of soft roofs without the use of open fire.

Bitumen-emulsion paste "SINZATIM" is an aqueous dispersion of bitumen on solid emulsifiers, which includes only natural components and hydrophobic high-molecular hydrocarbons, which for many years retain their plastic qualities in temperature modes from 70 ° C to + 120 ° C.

Bitumen emulsion paste "SINZATIM" on solid emulsifiers is made according to TU 57750015230551301, complies with GOST 306932000 and is an environmentally friendly waterproofing and adhesive material.

In operation, the paste is a cold (ambient temperature) "sour cream" black mass consisting of bituminous balls with pulverized inclusion minerals, and a layer of water is located between the balls. After the finished mass is applied to the surface, the paste pours all microcracks and joints. Then water evaporates, the balls stick together, and an absolutely sealed, elastic, seamless carpet is formed.

Due to the efficient structural structure, the coating is practically free from aging and rotting.

Roll-free roofs made according to SINZATIM technology in comparison with traditional roll roofs have significant advantages:

- execution of large volumes in a short time;

- monolithic seamless carpet;

- laying can be carried out on a wet surface;

- improving the culture of production, labor protection, safety, fire safety (cold filling, absence of an open source of fire, burners, fire-explosive solvents);

- the upper layer (color of choice) is reserved against mechanical damages and atmospheric factors;

- flash point: + 368 С °;

- high technical and economic indicators in terms of durability - 1520 years.

1.5 Finishing of the building

1.5.1 Exterior Finishes

The ventilated facade is a structure consisting of cladding plate materials and a face-to-face structure. For additional insulation of the enclosing structure, a heat insulation layer is placed between the wall and the lining, and an air layer is left between the lining and the heat insulation.

The face-to-face structure is attached to both the load-bearing and self-supporting walls.

The use of hinged structures allows, on the one hand, to "dress" the facade in modern finishing materials, and on the other hand, to improve the thermal protective characteristics of the enclosing structure and protect it from harmful atmospheric effects .

The joint use of the hinged facade and the heat insulation layer significantly improves the sound insulation characteristics of the enclosing structure, since the facade panels and the heat insulation have sound absorbing properties in a wide frequency range.

The presence of an air layer in the ventilated facade fundamentally distinguishes it from other types of facades, since internal moisture is freely removed into the environment .

To ensure fire safety, the system of hinged facades includes materials and products belonging to the category of difficult to burn and non-burning, preventing the spread of fire.

Method of mounting "Kraspan" StonK: cassette. With this attachment, all fasteners are hidden.

A distinctive feature of this facade system: economy and low specific gravity.

Mounted ventilated facades have the following characteristics:

- durability, long term of repair-free operation of the facade;

- economy of curtain facades;

- installation of ventilated facades at any time of the year;

-Allows large wall irregularities and vertical deviations.

1.5.2 Interior Finishes

Toilet and shower rooms are lined with glazed ceramic tiles to maintain cleanliness. Tile lining is made for the entire height of the room. Tiles are laid on cement sand mortar of 50 grade, for which their rear part has corrugation. For each tile room, different colors, shapes, sizes are used, which gives the facing surfaces a very attractive appearance.

Decorative decoration of door canvases.

Liquid wallpaper is used as a modern finishing material. Among the modern finishing materials for interior decoration, Danish decorative plaster, known as "liquid wallpaper," occupies a strong place.

The living rooms of the wall are finished with gypsum cardboard sheets along a wooden frame. Joints of gypsum board sheets are plated. On top of the sheets, wallpaper of various colors is glued, and various decorative coatings are arranged .

In the designed house, tension ceilings are used. The most popular are French and German tension ceilings. Installation and technical requirements for installation of ceilings are extremely simple. Using the used ceilings in the house, a perfectly flat and smooth surface is obtained. Ceilings are a system of metal strips that are attached to floors using anchor screws. Weights are provided that serve to tighten the ceiling sheet. The inner walls of the winter garden are finished with a "wagon." To begin with, horizontal wooden strips are attached in order to align the surface with a height distance of 0.5 m. Wooden panels are nailed to them with the help of clammers with the simultaneous installation of a protruding rib of one panel into a slot of the other .