5-storey 20-apartment private section

Contents

CONTENTS:

INTRODUCTION

GENERAL INFORMATION

1. INTERNAL PLUMBING DESIGN

1.1. SELECTION OF PLUMBING SCHEME

1.2. INTERNAL WATER PIPELINE ROUTING REQUIREMENTS

1.2.1. Enter. Water metering unit

1.2.2. Water supply network

1.2.3. Shut-off, water, control and safety valves

1.4. HYDRAULIC CALCULATION OF INTERNAL WATER PIPELINE

1.4.1. Select Calculation Area

1.4.2. Water consumption standards and design water consumption at the sites

1.4.3. Determination of diameters, speeds and losses at network sections

1.4.4. Determination of the required head at the input to the building

2. INTERNAL SEWER DESIGN

2.1. CHOICE OF SEWERAGE SYSTEM

2.2. SEWER NETWORK ROUTING REQUIREMENTS

2.2.1. Sanitary appliances and drain sewage pipes

2.2.2. Sewage risers

2.2.3. Sewage Network Releases

2.2.4. Pipes for internal sewer network

2.2.5. Hydraulic calculation of internal sewer network

3. DRAINS

3.1. GENERAL INFORMATION

3.2. INTERNAL DRAIN CALCULATION

4. WASTE REMOVAL SYSTEM

5. POWER SUPPLY AND ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

5.1. CALCULATION OF SECTION OF ELECTRIC CABINS FROM TP TO VRU OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

5.2. OUTDOOR LIGHTING OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

5.3. ELECTRICITY METERING

5.4. INPUT AND DISTRIBUTION CABINETS

5.5. DISTRIBUTION AND GROUP ELECTRICAL NETWORKS

5.6. ENSURING ELECTRICAL SAFETY

5.7. LOW-CURRENT STRUCTURED CABLE NETWORKS

SUMMARY SPECIFICATION OF WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE SYSTEMS

LIST OF LITERATURE

Introduction.

The supply of sufficient water to various consumers, the quality of which meets the high requirements of the current GOST, the disposal and treatment of contaminated water for the purpose of repeated or repeated use or discharge into the reservoir are of great economic, technical and social importance. Modern water supply and sewerage systems are complex engineering structures and devices that provide water supply to consumers, as well as waste water removal and treatment. The correct solution of engineering problems in water supply and sanitation largely determines the high level of improvement of settlements, residential, public and industrial buildings, as well as the rational use and reproduction of natural resources and the protection of the environment from pollution.

General information.

This project was developed in accordance with the assignment for the course work and standard design 1210147.13.87 and SNiP norms 2.08.0189 *.

The construction area is Kostroma. Ground freezing depth 1.6 m.

The coursework presents a residential 5-storey 20-apartment block section.

The height of the building floor is 2.8 m, the thickness of the floors is 0.16 m, the height of the basement is 2.2 m, the height of the technical floor is 2.1 m, the type of roof is rolling. The elevation of the floor level of the first floor is 97.0 m, the elevation of the pavement of the building is 96.0 m.

The drinking water supply of a residential building is designed from the existing urban drinking water supply.

• Design head at water pipeline tie-in.

• Design head at the base of risers.

Internal hot water supply is provided from the city network with design head at the base of the risers.

Domestic sewage is connected to the street network in accordance with the development plan of the territory.

The energy supply of the residential building is carried out from the existing TP. In addition, the residential building is connected to the city telephone networks laid in the telephone sewage system. The installation of a cable television network with the installation of a rack on the roof of the house is provided.

1. Internal water supply design.

1.1. Selects the plumbing scheme.

The choice of the water supply scheme is determined by economic considerations taking into account fire, sanitary and technological requirements. Simple, economical and easy to install and operate schemes should be chosen.

For residential buildings, it is preferable to adopt a bottom-wiring dead end circuit allowing water interruptions. This scheme is the most economical, it allows one water supply.

For a given building, a domestic drinking water supply is designed. Fire-fighting water supply for a 5-storey residential building is not required. For the primary fire extinguishing of apartments in the bathroom, a separate water discharge crane with a hose with a diameter of 15 mm and a length of 15 m with a diffuser is provided.

• Design head at water pipeline tie-in;

• Design head at the base of risers.

The required head is approximately determined by the formula:

, where is the number of floors of the building.

that is less than the specified head on the tie-in equal to 36 m, i.e. the specified head meets the requirements of this residential building and the design of additional booster pumps or installations is not required.

We finally accept the dead end water supply network with lower wiring. The main water supply network from the metering unit is laid open at a distance of 20 cm from the basement floor. According to the adopted water supply scheme, one water pipeline inlet with a diameter of 50mm was designed in a residential building according to SNiP 2.04.0185 *. To account for water flow rate, STV-50 turbine counter of 50 mm caliber is installed at the inlet. (GOST601983). The water supply is designed from steel gas pipelines (GOST 326275 *) Ø15, 20, 25, 32, 50 mm.

1.2. Requirements for routing of internal water supply.

The water supply of the residential building includes the following elements: inlet and water metering unit, water supply network, shut-off, water discharge, control and safety valves.

1.2.1. Enter. Water metering unit.

The input and water meter, which are usually combined into one unit, consists of the following elements:

• A street network connection unit in a well with a shut-off valve or gate valve;

On the street network of water supply at the point of connection there is a railway well. At a depth of about 3 meters, railway rings 1.5 m are installed, where shutoff valves and a fire hydrant are located. At the same time, shut-off valves are installed in all directions and branches of the water supply.

• pipeline connecting the well and water metering unit;

• water meter to determine the amount of water consumed by a residential building or part thereof.

The following requirements apply to the listed nodes:

the pipeline from the well to the building should be laid along the shortest path, preferably perpendicular to the external wall of the building;

the depth of the pipe is equal to the depth of the street network, which in turn is laid below the freezing depth by 0.5 m;

slope during laying is selected from 0.002 to 0.005 towards the street network;

the horizontal distance between the water pipeline inlet and the sewage outlet shall be not less than 1.5 m with the diameter of the inlet up to 200 mm and not less than 3 m with large diameters;

it is desirable to place the water metering unit at the centre of the load so that the water flow rates at all branches are approximately the same;

water metering unit includes shut-off valves before and after the counter, STV-50 counter, bypass line with sealed gate valve and control valve installed behind the meter in the course of water flow to empty the network during repair, accuracy check or meter replacement; the bypass line is used in case of repair or the need to pass fire expenses;

it is recommended to place the water metering unit in a separate room, preferably near staircases.

1.2.2. Plumbing network.

The water supply network consists of a main line, water risers, dilution pipelines and water collection devices. The main requirements for the water supply network are as follows:

• the main pipeline connecting the water metering unit with the risers is laid along the shortest route, bypassing the premises, where the temperature can be below 2 ° C with a slope of at least 0.002 towards the input;

• water risers supplying water upwards to apartments are placed, as a rule, in places of the largest water collection, that is, in places of accumulation of water collection valves: toilet, bathroom, kitchen;

• In order to save money, it is desirable to have water and sewage risers nearby;

• dilution pipelines shall be laid according to the minimum length condition according to one of three options:

a) above the floor at a height of 0.2... 0.3 m with vertical lifting of pipes to the water separation valves;

b) at the level of water discharge valves, at a height of about 1 m from the floor;

c) under the ceiling with vertical lowering of pipes to the water separation valves.

The first two options are preferable;

• laying of the riser pipelines is carried out with a slope of 0.002... 0.005 towards the risers, for the possibility of water discharge from them.

1.2.3. Shut-off, water, control and safety valves.

Shutoff valves include valves, valves and plug valves. Its main function is to disconnect individual sections of the network for repair, prevention or in the event of an accident. With sufficient head at the entrance to the building, only isolation valves are installed. Its installation is provided in the following places (except for the places previously designated for entry):

• at the base of risers in buildings with a height of 3 floors or more;

• on branches supplying five or more water discharge points;

• on branches of main water supply lines;

• on branches to each apartment;

• on connections to flush tanks, water heaters;

• in front of external watering cranes.

Water collection valves (in a residential building these are mixers or taps in the kitchen and in the bathroom, a flush tank in the toilet, a heating column, a shower grid and watering taps) are located according to the floor plan. It is allowed to change the arrangement of sled-container devices without redevelopment of buildings in order to reduce the number of risers, dilution pipelines and more convenient use of them.

Water discharge valves shall be installed at strictly normalized height above the floor:

1100mm - kitchen wash crane;

1100mm - washing or washbasin mixer;

2000 mm - ball valve of a highly located flush tank;

800 mm - ball valve of low flush tank;

250 mm - watering crane (above the pavement in the basement of the building );

1850 mm - shower net.

Along the perimeter of the building through 60... 70 m there are irrigation taps with a diameter of 25 mm, to which branches are laid directly from the main.

Control valves include pressure regulators and control valves

valves. They are used for response, water head in internal water supply networks, as a rule, in schemes with booster installations.

Safety valves include check and safety valves, diaphragms.

4. waste removal system.

Cleaning of buildings from solid waste is one of the most important measures in the field of sanitary improvement.

In the case of the MSW treatment system, the main quantitative indicator is the volume or weight amount of waste generated in the building.

A conventional waste line consists of the following parts:

1. intake valves;

2. vertical channel or trash pipe shaft;

3. garbage collection chamber;

4. upper chamber with ventilation device and device for cleaning channels.

Garbage ducts are placed at the internal capital walls of the building, not adjacent to living rooms. Channels shall be circular, smooth, with minimum number of joints.

The following additional systems and devices are provided with new SNiPs:

1. internal lighting system, register of heating system for maintaining positive temperature in winter time, ladder in floor and sink, system of sprinkler fire extinguishing of garbage chambers are arranged in the room of the garbage receiving chamber.

2. system for washing the trash line barrel.

3. disinfection system.

4. natural ventilation system of the garbage chamber and barrel room.

5. power supply and electrical equipment.

A residential building by the degree of reliability of power supply belongs to the second category. Power supply of the residential building is provided from the external supply network via two mutually redundant cable lines. Cable laying is carried out in trenches 0.7m deep from the planned ground surface and 1.0 m from the asphalt pavement of roads, sites, etc. At the intersection with roads, at the entrance to the TP and in the residential building, cables are laid in sleeves made of asbestos-cement pipes with a diameter of 100 mm. To protect the cable from mechanical damage, the cables are bricked or a special signal polyethylene tape is laid. The cable section is calculated by the calculated load at the cable entry into the dwelling .

The input load is equal to the specific design load of electric receivers of apartments in the house. The specific design electric load of electric receivers of apartments is accepted according to Table 6.1 of SP 311102003 g. For 20 square meters. residential building it is equal to 1.57 kW/apartment. The total power consumption will be 1 .57· 20 = 31.4 kW .

5.2. Outdoor lighting of a residential building.

Outdoor lighting of a residential building is performed by LCD - 0.7 lamps installed on the facade of the house. Power supply and control of electric lighting is carried out from house control networks of residential buildings.

5.3. Electricity accounting.

It is carried out by an electric meter installed at the entrance to a residential building, as well as individual apartment electric meters located in floor electric cabinets.

5.4. Input and distribution cabinets.

The BRU (introductory switchboard) is installed in the basement of the house. The shield is equipped with an electric meter, a switch at the input, an automatic control unit for lighting staircases, lighting the license plate of the house and the entrance to the residential building.

The automatic lighting control unit is equipped with a photocell. In case of its failure, it is possible to switch on the lighting using a switch. Electric cabinets are installed vertically in the niches of corridors located in the capital walls on each floor. The cabinets house apartment electric meters, group line circuit breakers, protective disconnection devices.

5.5. Distribution and group power networks.

Distribution lines are made by wire in vinyl plastic pipes laid open along the ceiling, basement walls and in the bars of brick walls from the introductory device to electric cabinets located on each floor. There are three group lines in the apartments. The first is used to power the general lighting of the apartment, the second - to power the plug sockets in the living rooms, the third - to power the plug sockets of the corridor electric receivers, kitchen and bathroom. Wiring is hidden in bars or under plaster. For each apartment, a call with a button is provided. The height of installation of lighting fixtures in the bathroom shall be not less than 2.25 m from the floor, lighting fixtures of the second class of protection (with double insulation) are installed. In apartments, switches are installed at a height of 0.8 m from the floor. Plug sockets above the plinth, and in kitchens at a height of 1-1.1 m from the floor.

Lighting of technical equipment and basement is performed by electric cable laid in vinyl-plastic pipes from control panel of BRU. Lighting is switched on and off by local switches.

The lighting of the stairs, the entrance to the house, the license plate of the house is carried out by a separate electric cable, laid from the circuit breaker with a photocell, located in the distribution board of the BRU to the lighting fixtures.

Emergency lighting of stairs at night is not switched off.

5.6. Ensuring electrical safety.

All metal non-current-carrying parts of electrical equipment (electrical panel frames, steel wiring boxes, etc.) shall be occupied with zero network wire. The lines of the group network, laid from the electric panels, are made three-wire (phase wire, zero and zero protective conductor). All wiring is done by a double insulated cable. Pipes of water supply, sewerage, bath are grounded by metal conductors and connected to zero protective conductor of group electric network.

At the entrance of the residential building, protective grounding is performed, which is connected to the BRU frame. In addition, for the protection of electrical circuits in electrical panels, it is provided for the installation of circuit breakers with electromagnetic disconnectors, in which for protection, when indirectly touched, the time for disconnecting the power of electrical receivers is not more than 0.4 s.

Lightning protection of a five-storey residential building according to the requirements of SP 3111003 is not required (performed for high-rise buildings), however, grounding of television and radio racks is performed by laying a conductor from the reinforcement along the facade of the house and connecting it to the grounding loop.

5.7. Low-current structured cable networks.

The residential building is connected to city telephone, radio, as well as cable television networks.

Telephone cables are laid in cable channels from telephone pits to cabinets located in boards on each floor. Along the basement and up to the floor panels, the cable is laid in vinyl plastic pipes. From the storey shield to the entrance hall of the apartment are laid hidden under plaster.

Radio and television networks from city networks are laid by overhead lines along posts located on the roof of the house. A cable is laid through the technical floor in vinyl plastic pipes passing in bars to the floor boards.

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