Administrative building - fire alarm, warning and evacuation control systems in case of fire

General Data

1.1. Job Description

Development of design documentation for fire alarm, warning and evacuation control systems in case of fire at the facility: Administrative building.

1.2. Basis for works

The basis for the works are

- architectural and planning solutions;

- regulatory and technical documentation in force at the time of works execution.

1.3. Purpose of designed systems

fire protection

1.3.1. Automatic fire alarm (APS) is designed to detect a fire and notify people in the building about it.

1.3.2. The Evacuation Warning and Control System (ESMS) is designed to inform people in a timely manner about the occurrence of fire, need and escape routes.

1.4. The main regulatory documents used in the development of this project.

1.4.1. Federal Law No. 123FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements."

1.4.2. Code of Rules SP 1.13130.2009 "Fire Protection Systems. Escape routes and exits. "

1.4.3. Code of Rules SP 5.13130.2009 "Fire Protection Systems. Fire alarm and fire extinguishing units are automatic. Design Codes and Regulations. "

1.4.4. Code of Rules SP 3.13130.2009 "Fire Protection Systems. Warning and management system for evacuation of people in case of fire. Fire safety requirements. "

1.4.5. Rules for arrangement of electrical installations (6 and 7 editions).

1.4.6. List of automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm equipment that have received certificates of conformity in GOST R Certification Systems and certification of products and services in the field of fire safety.

Characteristics of the object.

2.1. The building is 5 storeys, with a basement.

2.2. The height of the floors is: the first floor is 4.5m, the rest are 3 meters.

2.3. All equipment designed in this project has fire safety certificates and meets the requirements of regulatory documents, in particular, the provisions of section 13 of SP 5.13130.2009.

Main technical decisions made in the project.

3.1. Automatic fire alarm

3.1.1 Selection of fire detector types

In accordance with the provisions of SP 5.13130.2009, Appendix "A," an automatic fire alarm device is designed in the protected rooms.

The selection of fire detector types is determined in accordance with the provisions of Appendices "M" and "N" SP 5.13130.2009.

Fire detectors are included in independent fire alarm loops. The fire alarm unit is designed for round-the-clock, continuous operation.

The rooms listed in paragraph A.4 of SP 5.13130.2009 are not subject to the equipment of the APS.

The APS equipment includes:

With 2000M control panel.

Instrument "Signal 20M"

Fire smoke point detectors IP 21245.

Manual fire detectors IPR 3SU.

Heat fire detectors IP 1011A.

Main characteristics of the used equipment

The C2000M control panel unites the devices connected to it in one system, provides and controls their state, keeps minutes of the events arising in a system, indication of alarms at operation of announcers, provides control of automatic equipment.

Technical specifications:

The number of devices connected to the RS485 interface is up to 127;

The number of sections is up to 255 ;

Number of signaling loops that can be combined into

sections - up to 512;

The number of user passwords is up to 511;

Number of relay outputs controlled in automatic mode - up to 255;

The volume of the event buffer is 1023 messages;

RS485 interface line length - up to 4000 m;

The line length of the RS232 interface for communication with the printer is up to 20 m;

Supply voltage - from 10.2 to 28.4 V;

Typical current of consumption in standby mode is:

at power supply voltage of 12 V - 70 mA;

at 24V - 35 mA supply voltage.

The "Signal 20M" instrument is designed to protect objects from fires by monitoring the condition of up to 20 alarm loops.

Capabilities of the device:

- programming of SH types: fire smoke double-threshold (with detection of one and two detectors in SH); combined fire single-threshold (with the possibility of connection of heat and smoke detectors); two-threshold firefighter; security; security with detection of detector interlocking contact violation; security entrance; alarming; technological; programmable process;

- programming of user passwords using administrator password (64 passwords);

- control of loop group by user password (in group from 1 to 20 loops);

- protection of controls by means of password;

- possibility of resetting the device configuration to factory settings according to the operator password (tuner);

- custom user password length (2 to 6 digits)

- possibility of control of SB taking/removal under protection, output relays of the device via RS485 interface ;

- programmable control logic of five relays (37 local control tactics);

- built-in audio annunciator.

Technical specifications:

- Supply voltage - from 10.2 to 28 V;

- Current consumed by the device, in standby mode: at 12 V power supply - from 300 mA to 600 mA;

- Control of 5 relay outputs of "dry contact" type

- three relays 28 V 2A/80 V 0.1 A - for switching over ;

- two relays 28 V 10A - for short circuit ;

- Operating temperature range - from minus 30 to + 50 С;

- Overall dimensions - 247x150x48 mm.

Smoke fire detector "IP 21245 is designed to detect sunbathing in closed rooms of various buildings and structures, accompanied by the appearance of smoke and transmission of the" FIRE "signal to the receiving and control device.

Technical specifications:

The range of supply voltages is 7.5 - 30 V;

Current of consumption in standby mode - not more than 0.05 mA;

Range of operating temperatures - from-25 to +55os;

Mean time between failures - not less than 60,000 h;

Sensitivity - 0.050.2 dB/m.

Manual fire detector IPR3SU is designed to send an alarm signal to the receiver-control device by the person who detected the ignition.

Technical specifications:

Current consumption in standby mode - not more than 0.1 mA;

Supply voltage - from 9 to 28 V;

Operating temperature range - from -40 to + 50 ° С;

Overall dimensions - 90x90x45 mm.

Thermal fire detector IP1011A is designed to detect a fire accompanied by the appearance of a hotbed of elevated temperature.

Technical specifications:

• Trigger threshold + 70 ° С;

• 1025V supply voltage;

• Current consumption in standby mode is not more than 50 μA;

• Temperature measurement frequency 1-5 seconds;

• Protected area 25 m2;

• Operating temperature range from -30 to + 100 ° С;

• Weight not more than 0.1 kg;

• Average service life not less than 10 years.

Operation Procedure

When a fire occurs, fire detectors installed in the protected room are triggered; in the loop, "attention" and "fire" notifications are generated sequentially. The system generates an alarm signal only when at least two detectors are triggered at the same time, with its transmission first to the "Signal 20M" receiver-control device, and then to the "S 2000M" CCP, with simultaneous light and sound display of the activated fire alarm loop on the "S 2000M" CCP and "Signal 20M" CCP.

If a fire is detected before the automatic fire detectors are activated, the fire signal is transmitted to the "20M Signal" PKI using manual fire detectors. When manual fire detectors are triggered, the system operates in the same way as described above.

At malfunction in the system of protection and receipt a signal "Malfunction" is given a disturbing signal for PPK "Signal 20M", and then for PKU "With 2000M".

The alerting system is turned on automatically (taking into account the set delay - the recommended time is 20 seconds).

The alert order is general.

Location of fire detectors and APS instruments

The number of fire detectors in the protected rooms is chosen taking into account the height of the rooms and the presence of structural features in them that affect the size of the protected area by detectors, including protruding parts of building structures. The number of fire detectors in each protected room (area) is selected taking into account the provisions of item 13.3.113.3.2 of SP 5.13130.2009.

Location of point smoke detectors

Smoke fire detectors in the premises are mounted on the floor, taking into account the maximum distance from them to the walls - not more than 4.5 meters, between detectors - not more than 9 meters. The distance from these detectors to the ventilation holes must be at least 1 m. On the plans for the placement of detectors, VTN are indicated .

Location of manual detectors

Manual fire detectors are installed at a height of 1.5 m near evacuation exits, on evacuation routes, taking into account the distance between these detectors, but not more than 50 m. On the plans, these detectors are indicated - VTM.

Arrangement of thermal fire detectors

Thermal fire detectors in the rooms are mounted on the floor, taking into account the maximum distance from them to the walls - not more than 2 m, between detectors - not more than 5 m. The distance from these detectors to the vents shall be at least 1m. On the plans for the placement of detectors, TTK are indicated.

Arrangement of APS monitoring and control devices

The With 2000M control panel is installed on a reception, the device reception and control "the Signal 20M" and the RIP12 stand-by power supply are established in a case with the lock in switchboard, in the place protected from impact of mechanical damages on designs from nonflammable materials.

Height to operational controls of this panel shall be within 0.8 - 1.5 meters.

3.1.5. Installation of detectors and APS devices

Before installation of fire detectors, control and monitoring devices of the automatic control system, it is necessary to:

- prepare the workstation, open the package, check completeness, refer to the certificate .

Check date of manufacture, presence of signs of GOST R and fire safety certificates.

- if detectors, annunciators, devices were in negative temperature conditions before opening the package, hold them at room temperature for at least 4 hours.

- perform external inspection of detectors, devices and equipment, make sure that the seals of the CTC are safe and that there are no visible mechanical damages (cracks, chips, dents).

Install, install, control and receiving devices, equipment of the automatic control system when the power supply of the devices is off.

All devices and equipment of the automatic fire alarm system shall be connected in accordance with the diagrams given in the "Operating Manuals," "Certificates" for the devices and equipment used.

Installation of APS instruments and equipment should be carried out by an organization licensed by the Ministry of Emergencies of the Russian Federation for this type of work.

3.1.6. Installation of fire alarm loops

1. Wires and cables shall be laid in accordance with PUE, 13.15 SP 5.13130.2009.

2. Cable entries to the APS equipment shall provide strong and permanent cable sealing.

3. Cable entries shall be without sharp edges. When bending the cable along the insertion axis in any direction up to 90 °, the radius of the insertion fillet shall be such that the radius of the cable bending at the entry point is not less than ¼ the maximum allowable cable diameter for that insertion .

4. In all cases of wires and cables passing through walls, wire or cable shall be laid in pipes, with non-combustible material covering the entire thickness of the construction structure.

5. Distance between fire alarm loops and electrical wires and cables of lighting and power networks of buildings and premises shall be not less than 0.5 m.

6. During joint laying of fire alarm loops and air ducts of ventilation systems, fire detectors shall be placed in such a way that the distance from the ventilation holes to the detector is not less than 1 meter.

7. When laying cables to connect equipment, keep reserves of lengths of at least 10 cm.

8. For fire alarm loops, use a cable with insulation that does not propagate the 2x0.5 KPSVV combustion. This cable shall be laid in cable channels (for manual fire detectors) and in corrugated sleeve (in the space behind the suspended ceiling).

9. Branch boxes of UK2P are used as connection points of fire alarm loops.

10. Communication of PSK "Signal 20M" with PCL "С 2000M" is performed by cable of twisted pair of FFCW.

11. Within the room where PKU "C2000M" and PPK "Signal 20M" are established all loops of the FPÖ are laid in addition in a cable - the channel (40kh60mm).

3.2. Fire Evacuation Warning and Control System

3.2.1. Justification and selection of fire warning system type

In accordance with the requirements of paragraph 16 of Table No. 2 of SP 3.13130.2009, it is provided for notifying people about a fire of the 2nd type.

This type, according to table No. 1 of the above regulatory document, provides for the following methods of notification:

- audio (siren, tinted signal);

- light ("Exit" light annunciators).

1. "Exit" light annunciators "NBO - 12V."

2. "Mayak12Z" sound annunciators.

Sound fire annunciators, do not have volume controls and are connected to the network without detachable devices. Audible annunciators operate for the time required to complete the evacuation of people in the building. These alerts on the alert network plans are designated by BIAS.

3.2.2. Main characteristics of the used equipment

Light indicators "Exit" - "NBO-12" are designed to indicate evacuation exits from the building. On the plans of the fire warning network, these light indicators are indicated by BIAL.

Technical specifications:

supply voltage - 12V;

current consumed by the device - not more than 20 mA;

weight - not more than 0.3 kg

operating temperature range - from - 40 to + 50 ° С;

overall dimensions - 300х100х14 mm.

Fire sound annunciators - "Mayak-12-Z" - are designed for sound alarm (warning people) about the fire and the need for evacuation.

Technical specifications:

Supply voltage - 12 V;

current consumed by the device - not more than 50 mA;

Sound signal volume level - not less than 95 dB;

Range of operating temperatures - from - 30 wasps to + 55 wasps;

Overall dimensions - 80x80x40 mm.

Operation of ECSS

When fire detectors are activated and they issue a "Fire" notification to the "20M Signal" and "S 2000M" receiver-control device, the personnel and people in the offices (sound and light signal) are alerted.

The alert system is turned on automatically, simultaneously in the entire building, all at the same time.

When automatic fire alarm is triggered, the annunciators are switched off. On the plans of the fire warning network, light indicators are indicated by BIAL.

The audible warning system is activated when the automatic fire alarm is triggered, with a programmable start delay (not more than 30 seconds).

The operation of these alerts is carried out within the time required to complete the evacuation of people in the building and is accepted, taking into account the reserve, 10 minutes. These alerts on the alert network plans are designated by BIAS.

Arrangement of EMSS equipment

Light fire annunciators "Exit" are installed above doors openings of escape exits from the building (see equipment arrangement diagram).

Sound fire annunciators are installed on the walls, near the evacuation exits (see the layout of the annunciators).

Installation of fire warning lines

Wires and cables shall be laid in accordance with Electrical Installation Regulations (PUE), SP 3.13130.2009.

Distance between fire warning lines and electrical wires and cables of power and lighting networks of the building shall be not less than 0.5 m.

In all cases of cables passing through the walls, lay it in the PCB tube with sealing of the places of passage with non-combustible materials for the entire thickness of the structure.

Cable entries to ECSS equipment shall ensure strong cable sealing. Cable entries shall be without sharp edges.

Junction boxes of UK2P are used as connection points of warning system lines.

When laying cables for connection of equipment, keep reserves of lengths not less than 10 cm .

To lay warning lines, a cable with a cladding of 2x0.5 non-propagating combustion of FPSVV is used. This cable is laid in corrugated sleeve and in channel cable (on open surfaces).

Taking into account the brand of the selected cable, it ensures the operability of fire warning lines for the time required for the complete evacuation of people from the building.