Water supply of a 6-storey residential building

Contents

Contents

Introduction

1. Internal water supply

1. Design of internal water supply and sewerage networks

1.2. Selection of the internal water supply system and diagram and check of the guaranteed head of the building

1.3. Plumbing materials and equipment

1.4. Selection of water metering unit inlet and location

1.5. Drawing of internal water line axonometric diagram

1.6. Hydraulic calculation of internal cold water supply

2. Internal sewer

2.1 Materials and Equipment

2.2 Calculation of yard sewage system with profiling

Specification

List of literature used

Applications

1. Basement and typical floor plans, Plot Plan, B1-1, K1-1, Yard sewer profile

On Water Supply and Sewerage

6-storey residential building "

Introduction

Future civil engineers should be able to design and build buildings for various purposes, taking into account the equipping of them with modern life support systems. The most important role among them is played by internal water supply and sewerage systems, as well as external courtyard drainage and water supply networks.

This project has developed water supply and drainage of a six-story two-section residential building. A domestic drinking water supply system with centralized hot water supply was designed, designed to provide consumers with drinking quality water that meets the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.55996 "Drinking water." Consumers spend water on drinking, household and sanitary and hygienic needs. A domestic sewerage system has been designed that removes contaminated water after washing dishes and products, washing laundry, sanitary and hygienic procedures (washing, taking a bath, etc.).

The project uses the most technically and economically feasible engineering solutions used in domestic and foreign practice. Standard and unified units, elements of factory-made systems corresponding to progressive industrial principles of building construction were used, which significantly reduce capital costs and reduce construction time.

Source Data:

Internal water supply

1.1. Design of internal water supply and sewerage networks

Internal water supply and sewerage networks are designed on the plans at the same time so that the design solutions of the schemes are the easiest, convenient to operate and interconnected. Moreover, the advantage in the design is given to the sewage system, since it is clogged during operation and requires cleaning. It is advisable to use industrial construction methods using sanitary and technical units and cabins of different types when designing, but individual installation is also possible.

In a project, you can deviate from the detail design so that you do not make two floor plans the same, plumbing and sewage networks are placed parallel to each other on the same drawing of the building plan.

The design is guided by the following provisions:

the nets shall strive to run parallel to the walls of buildings and column lines, as straight as possible, so that the length of the pipe is minimal;

Piping shall not cross beams, columns and other structural parts of the building;

To select cold water supply network laying taking into account joint laying with other networks (hot water supply, heating);

Network design should begin with the selection of riser locations for various purposes on floor plans.

Sewage risers are placed near sanitary devices with the most polluted wastewater so that they get into the risers in the shortest way, near the capital walls, and not at the partitions. In the bathrooms, sewage risers are located near the toilet or behind the toilet, in the canal of the wall or mine. You cannot place sewer risers near walls adjacent to living spaces.

Discharge pipelines from sanitary devices are laid along partitions and capital walls to the corresponding risers to which they are connected.

We place the water risers in the places of the largest water intake and taking into account the possibility of installing one shutoff valve to disconnect the entire supply from each riser. Do not place plumbing risers on walls adjacent to living rooms or on exterior walls.

The hearths from the water-supply risers are laid along the walls or partitions to the places of installation of the water-discharge valves of the corresponding sanitary device.

The water risers can be located together with the sewage risers, leaving for them openings in the floors and channels in the walls taking into account the length of the hoses 10, 15, 20 m, the height of the compact jet of at least 6 m and the number of simultaneously acting jets according to Table 1 [1].

All risers are numbered clockwise, respectively, water supply: domestic and drinking - StB11, St.B12, etc., sewage: household system - St. K11, St. K12, etc.

When placing risers, it is necessary to take into account the layout of the rooms so that they are located near the walls that allow fastening of pipelines.

After we have finished designing networks on floor plans, we proceed to designing networks on the basement plan, having previously transferred all the risers to the same places in the basement plan.

The main pipelines of the water pipeline are laid along the shortest distances near the inner walls, columns with a slope of at least 0.002 towards the water metering unit, for lowering water from the mudflats and removing air, they connect all the risers with the inlet.

Domestic sewage outlets are located on one side of the building perpendicular to the external walls.

When deciding on the number of releases from the building, it is necessary to proceed from the following conditions:

best operation in the future;

a specific layout of the building, so that when combining several risers for one outlet, the length of the network is the smallest and with fewer turns, bearing in mind that during operation at the points of rotation, clogging of pipelines is possible.

Cleaning or revision shall be established in places of change of direction of waste water movement, in straight areas through certain distances, according to Table 6 [6]. Audits and cleanings should be installed in locations convenient for their maintenance.

Installation of revisions and cleaning on the internal drain network is carried out similarly to the domestic sewage network.

Pipes plastic, metalpolymeric, from fibreglass, steel, pig-iron and asbestos-cement recommend to apply Construction Norms and Regulations to the device of water supply systems of cold water supply 2.04.0185 *. It is allowed to apply copper, bronze, brass pipes and shaped parts to them. Plastic pipes are used in this project.

Shaped (connecting) parts are used to change direction of pipeline, connection of side branches, connection of pipes of different diameter.

1.2. Selection of the internal water supply system and scheme and check of the guarantee head of the building.

Guided by the design standards [6], sections 4, 6, 9, we choose the system and scheme of the building water supply system and methods of its laying. In this project, we select a dead end scheme with lower line wiring, since we allow a break in the water supply in case of an accident.

We check the availability of the internal water supply with the head of the city network by comparing the Ngar warranty head. with normative free head Nsv. for a given storey, thereby solving the issue of increasing installations in the building's water supply system.

Free head, it is also normative (minimum) in the water supply network of a settlement with maximum household and drinking water consumption at the entrance to the building above the ground surface should be accepted with at least 10 m single-storey development, with a larger storey, 4 m should be added to each floor.

In accordance with item 2.26 [SNiP 2.04.0285 * Water supply. Outdoor networks and structures]

where is the n-number of floors in the building.

The warranty head is 28.5 m. It follows that it is necessary to design the water supply system of the building with a pumping unit. The internal water supply system shall include: inlet, water metering unit, pump unit, main water supply network, risers, supply to water disassembly devices, water disassembly, mixing, shut-off and control valves.

1.3. Plumbing materials and equipment.

For the device of a water supply system of cold water supply according to Construction Norms and Regulations 2.04.0185 * steel water gas pipelines (GOST 326275 *) which are less subject to corrosion are accepted. Steel pipes are connected using straight or transition connecting parts (fittings) made of steel (GOST 894375 *). In addition to connecting sleeves, elbows (GOST 894775), tees (GOST 894875) and crosses (GOST 895175), a disassembly joint called a burnout is used, which consists of a coupling and a lock nut screwed on the side of a long thread up to 85 mm long.

Shut-off valves intended for disconnection of separate sections of the water supply network are installed at the base of each of the risers of the network, on branches to each apartment, in front of the irrigation taps.

1.4. Selection of water metering unit inlet and location

The correct choice of the place of entry and the location of the water metering unit guarantee the cost-effective solution of the internal water supply system, the convenience of its installation and operation.

We design one entry into the building connecting the internal water supply networks with the external ones. The input is laid at right angles to the wall of the building with a slope of at least 0.003 towards the city water supply. On the external network of the water supply at the point of connection of the input, a water supply pit is designed, which serves to implement the method of tie-in of the input to the city network and to accommodate

Calculating Section Elevations by Input

The following marks were found from the general plan:

1 entry into the building

- ground elevation near GVK z 1GVK = 66.000 m;

- input length l = 16.0 m.

• depth of laying

1.5. Drawing of internal water line axonometric diagram

The axonometric diagram is performed in M 1:100 at an angle of 45 ° and dimensions 1:1 in all directions (Annex 4).

On the axonometric diagram, we clearly show all the designed elements of the internal water supply: inlet or inlet, water metering unit, pump units, main networks, all risers, all supplies to the water discharge valves, water discharge, shut-off and safety valves.

When drawing a water supply scheme, we solve the issues of laying the height of the main networks in the basement and feeding on the floors.

The main pipelines of the water pipeline are conveniently placed under the ceiling of the basement 30.40 cm below the ceiling with attachment to it on suspensions or to the capital wall on brackets. The maximum distance between the anchorages is taken depending on the diameter of 2.4 m.

The passages are laid at a height of 30.40 cm above the floor with a rise to the water discharge valves. For the possibility of water lowering, the supply is performed with a slope of at least 0.002 towards the tap riser.

Height of water discharge cranes above the floor is normalized:

1.1 m - sink valve, washes;

1.0 m - tap of washbasin, single mixer to bath and washbasin;

0.8 m - bath crane;

0.65m - ball valve of low flush tank;

1.20 m - tap - mixer to shower mesh;

On the axonometric diagram, we place all the necessary shutoff valves and place elevations: ground surface at the building, inlet, water metering unit, main line, floor of all floors, design instrument.

1.6. Hydraulic calculation of internal cold water supply.

The calculation should be performed in the following order:

- select the dictating water sorting device on the diagram and divide the diagram into design sections;

- determine water consumption standards and estimated costs at the sites;

- perform hydraulic calculation of the network, that is, determine diameters, speeds and head losses in the sections;

- pick up the water meter and determine the head losses in it;

- calculate the required head in the water supply system and select the necessary equipment.

The designed water supply shall provide the required amount of water with the required free head to any point at any time.

The purpose of this calculation is to determine pipe diameters, water velocity and head losses in the chain sections and, as a result, to calculate the required head.

1) For calculation, we select the dictating point - the highest located and remote from the inlet tap.

If water is supplied to this point, then supply to other points will be guaranteed, since they are in more favorable conditions.

To do this, we select the design riser (the farthest from the input) and the design point on the top floor of this riser by comparing the free head values ​ ​ (Hf)

The dictating point of the shell, to which the following values ​ ​ correspond:

free head, m Hf = 3;

second flow rate of cold water, l/s qc0 = 0.2;

minimum diameter of conditional inlet passage, mm d = 25

Next, the scheme is divided into calculated sections, which we denote with numbers (beginning and end of the section). Within the design area the water flow rate shall not change

2) Probability of action of all devices simultaneously switched on:

where qtothr.u is the total rate of water consumption by the consumer per hour of the highest water consumption, l (annex 3 [3]);

qtot0 - total water flow by sanitary device, l/s

The diameters of the pipes of the internal water supply networks are assigned based on the maximum use of the warranty head of the external water supply network.

The speed of water movement in pipelines of internal water supply networks must be from 0.9 to 1.2m/s.

The value of the values: diameter, velocity and head loss per unit length are determined from the tables of Shevelev F.A. [4].

Pipe diameter d = 25 mm,

3) Determine head losses at each design area:

The result of the hydraulic calculation of the network is the determination of the total head losses along the length of the entire design direction - from the dictating point to the connection of the input to the external water supply network (∑i*L= Hl, tot)

4) We determine the head loss at the input to the NvV building

This value is equal to head loss in the last section of the network (VUVOD)

In our case, Hvv = 4.98

5) Determine the geometric height of water supply in the building

Geometric head is determined by formula

Where; ▼1etazha is the floor elevation of the first floor,

het - floor height

2-2.2 - height of installation of bath mixer shower mesh above floor level, m

▼p.z.uzd - ground elevation at the building

n - number of floors

6) Determine the hydraulic resistance of the water meter through the maximum daily water flow in the building:

From the maximum daily flow rate we determine hydraulic resistance -S = 1.3 (table value)

7) Calculation of required head.

The required head is determined by the formula

Substantiation of building water supply system selection by water supply method:

If the Hr≤Hsvuzd condition is met, the water supply system without pump is selected. In our case Hr = 40.49 m exceeds Nswusd = 26m

As a result, we determined that a system with a booster device - a pump - is needed in the building.

Internal sewer

2.1. Description of the internal sewage system.

The internal sewerage system consists of the following main elements: waste water receiver

(baths toilet washes, sinks), drain pipes, risers, transport waste water outlets

water to the wells of the street network. The system also includes cleaning and ventilation devices

networks.

By-pass pipes from the receiver of sewage are laid above a floor (0.250, Zm) join struts. Diameters of branch pipes from baths, washbasins and washes are designed with a diameter of 50 mm with a slope to the riser of 0.035; diameters of branch pipes

toilet bowls are accepted 100 mm-with slope to riser 0.02 (SNiP2.04.0185 *). The diameter of the riser is taken along the larger diameter of the connected branch pipe.

The extension is laid on the floor of the basement, if the basement is not operated - 0.6 m from the floor.

Depth of discharge depends on depth of ground freezing.

NLP = Nprom.0.3m = 1.90.3 = 1, 6m

To clean the risers, revisions are installed on them: on the lower and upper floors and one for every three floors (if the building has > 5 floors).

The distance from the floor to the revision center is 1.0 m. Cleaning shall be installed at the beginning of branch pipes if more than 3 instruments are attached to them; at the exit of the exhaust from the building and after the riser is attached to the exhaust; and in rectilinear areas.

Ventilation of sewage risers is carried out through the exhaust part of sewage risers, which is brought out above the roof of the building to a height of: with a flat unused roof of 0,3m, with a sloping 0.5m, with an operated Sm.

The diameter of the riser exhaust part is equal to the diameter of its waste part.

The length of the exit from the building is considered from the cleaning or the nearest riser to the axis of the well. This length limits the maximum removal of the well from the wall; depends on pipe diameter (SNiP2.04.0185 *).

The flow rate of liquid in internal sewage systems shall be not less than 0.7l/s, and the filling of pipelines H/d shall be not less than 0.3m.

2.2. Calculation of yard sewage with profiling

Sewage releases are designed on the courtyard side of the building perpendicular to the walls of the building. Closely located risers are combined into one outlet. The outlets do not pass through the staircases, are laid along the shortest distances and with the least number of turns. 1.5 m before the red line (KL), a control sewer well (KKK) is arranged.

The minimum depth of the yard sewage pipeline tray at the first outlet is taken to be 0.3 m less than the depth of soil freezing, since the waste water is warm and determined by the formula, but it must always be at least 0.7 m to the top of the pipe.

Nzal input = hpr - 0.3 = 1.9 - 0.3 = 1.60 m ,

where hpr - ground freezing depth = 1.90 m.

For yard sewage we use polyethylene sewage pipes GOST 22689.289.

The slope of the pipes is assumed to be the same along the entire length of the yard network.

The slope of the yard sewer is determined depending on specific conditions: terrain, freezing depth, depth of laying of the street network, reducing the volume of earthworks and the possibility of all connections.

The slope can be set or calculated, but it must be within the permissible range for a diameter of 150mm imin = 0.008, the maximum slope must be no more than 0.15.

The elevation of the first sewer outlet tray is defined as the difference between the elevation of the layout or the ground surface at this point and the minimum sewer depth:

▼K1 = (99.5 (1.6)) 8.5 * 0.02 = 97.73 m

In the well, the exhaust pipe is connected to the yard pipe by the shelf-to-shelf method, so the elevation of the yard pipe tray in the well K1 will be

K1= ▼ K1-(ddv. page of dVYP) =97,73(0,1500,100)=97,68

Where ddv.s is the door network, dVP is the outlet diameter

Defining a Pipe Tray in Structure K2

We determine the elevations of the pipe tray of the yard network ▼DV.S in the well of the street sewage system (GCC)

DV. Page in GKK = ▼ GKK - (dgkk ddv. c) =95,8 (0,2000,150) =95,75

Where ▼GKK is the marking of the pipe tray of the street sewerage system, dgck is the diameter of the street network, ddv.s is the diameter of the courtyard network.

Determination of the second elevation of the pipe tray of the yard sewerage network in the control well ▼KK

▼KK=▼DV.S.v GCC + (1 group * idv.s) = 95.75 + (26.5 * 0,008) = 95.96

Where 1gun is the distance from the street structure to the control.

Thus, a differential is obtained in the control well. Its structural solution in our case is an open drop along the concrete drain in the tray

▼KK-▼KK<0.3m

The depth of structures is determined by the difference in the absolute elevations of the ground surface together with the structure arrangement and the elevations of their trays.

The depth of the structures is determined by the formulas:

Inspection well: hkk=▼pzuzd ▼KK=99,595,96=3,54m

1st well: hk1=▼pzuzd ▼K1 = 99.597.68 = 1,82m

2nd collector: hk2=▼pzuzd ▼K2 = 99,597,46 = 2, 04m

Ngck = ▼pzuzd ▼GKK = 99,595,75 = 3.75 m

Ceramic sewage pipes GOST 28682 are used for yard sewage.

The determination of waste water consumption in the yard network sections is carried out in the same way as the calculation of the internal sewage network.

The calculation results are entered in Table 2, according to which we build a yard sewer profile. You must build a network profile and populate table 2 at the same time.

List of literature:

1. SNiP 2.04.01-85. Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings/Gosstroy of the USSR. - M.: CITP Gosstroy of the USSR, 1986. – 56 pages.

2. SNiP 2.04.03-85. Sewerage. External networks and structures/Gosstroy of the USSR. - M.: CITP Gosstroy of the USSR, 1986. – 72 pages.

3. Methodological guidelines for the design of course, diploma projects and works on water supply and sanitation for students of specialties 270800Bacalauriat in the direction "Construction" Educational publication

I dare O.R.

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