Water Supply and Sanitation Concept

Contents

Introduction

1. Source Data

2. Water supply system

2.1. Selection of cold water supply system diagram

2.2. Cold Water Internal Water Supply Networks

2.3. Valves on cold water supply network

2.4. Selection of input site, water metering unit and their description

2.5. Hydraulic calculation of water supply system

2.6. Select and Calculate Counter

2.7. Determination of the required head at the input to the building

2.8. Determination of maximum water flow rate

2.9. Determination of daily water flow rate

3. Sewerage system

3.1. Selection of sewage system diagram

3.2. Determination of calculated waste water flow rate

3.3. Calculation of sewer riser

3.4. Calculation of issues

3.5. Calculation of yard sewage system

3.6. Determination of maximum wastewater flow rate

3.7. Determination of daily wastewater flow rate

3.8. Installation of sewage system

4. Equipment and Material Specification

Conclusion

List of used literature

Introduction

The sanitary-technical device and equipment of modern buildings is a complex of engineering equipment for cold and hot water supply, sewerage, heating, drains, garbage removal, gas supply. This complex is necessary for the life support of the population and determines the degree of improvement and comfort of buildings, as well as cities and settlements in general.

The cold water supply system of the building is called the internal water supply. The internal water supply is designed to supply water from the external water supply network to the water collection devices inside the building. System of internal water supply consists of inlet (one or several), water metering unit (one or several), main lines, risers, connections to water discharge valves, water discharge, shut-off and control valves .

Internal sewerage - a system of engineering devices and structures that provide reception, local treatment and transportation of contaminated effluents inside and outside the building to the sewerage network of the settlement. The internal sewerage system consists of the following main elements: sewage receivers (sanitary devices - washes, sinks, baths, toilets, etc.); sewage networks (risers, branch pipes, exhaust pipes and outlets, headers, etc.); Local wastewater transfer and treatment plants. A hydraulic gate is installed after each instrument.

The calculation of the sewage network consists in determining the total number of drains and selecting the diameters of the risers and the outlet.

The project is developed on the basis of the initial data corresponding to option 6.

Source Data

1. The purpose of the building is a residential building;

2. Floor plans and plot plan for the location of buildings on the site with indication of street network routes - see the graphic part of the project;

3. Number of floors - 6;

4. The height of the rooms in the floor is 3.0m;

5. The thickness of the intermediate floor is 0.3 m;

6. The height of the premises in the basement is 2.0m;

7. Absolute elevations, m:

7.1. 1st floor, 219.0;

7.2. ground surface at the building, 218.4 ;

7.3. the surface of the earth at the well of the city water supply, 218.2;

7.4. the surface of the earth at the well of the city sewage system, 218.0;

7.5. bottom of the city water supply pipe, 216.1;

7.6. urban sewage pipe tray, 214.8;

8. Pipe diameter, mm:

8.1. urban water supply system, 400mm;

8.2. urban sewage system, 500mm;

9. Free head in the city water supply, 34m;

10. Ground freezing depth, 1,4 m;

11. Distance from red line to building L1, 4m

12. Distance from building to yard sewer L2, 5m

Water supply system

2.1. Selection of cold water supply system diagram

The development of the internal water supply scheme includes solving the following issues: selection of the water supply system and scheme of the design object, selection of the location of the inlet, water metering unit, pumping and other units, hydraulic calculation of the network in case of maximum drinking and production water consumption, compilation of the specification. These tasks are solved based on the initial data.

In this course work, an internal water supply for a six-story residential building with a floor height of 3 m was designed. In the building, one input from cast-iron water pipes with a diameter of 50 mm from the existing water pit on the city water supply network is designed.

The system of domestic drinking water supply is dead-end with lower mains wiring under the ceiling of the basement, made of steel galvanized pipes. Pipe is attached by hooks to the basement capital wall.

The guaranteed head in the network is 34m.

2.2. Cold Water Internal Water Supply Networks

Main pipelines are laid in the basement in the shortest directions with attachment on suspensions, brackets, hooks. Laying of main pipelines is provided with slope of not less than 0.002 side of inlet.

The plumbing risers shall be arranged taking into account the possibility of providing the maximum number of plumbing points with water under the condition of minimum length of supply to these plumbing points. Each riser in the base has shut-off valves.

2.3. Valves on cold water supply network

The design provides for the installation of shutoff valves in the following places: at the inlet; on all branches from the main line; upstream of external watering cranes; on branches to each apartment; on connections to flush tanks. Pipeline valves of valve type are installed at pressure of 0.6 MPa.

Water separation valves are installed with each sanitary-technical device at a height that ensures its convenience of use.

Since the perimeter of the building is more than 70 m, we design two watering cranes, which are located in the niches of the external walls of the building at a height of 0.35 m from the pavement of the building.

2.4. Selection of input site, water metering unit and their description

Input is a section from the external network to the water metering unit.

At the point of connection of the inlet to the external network of the city water supply system, a well is arranged with a gate valve installed in it. The input is designed by the shortest distance from the city network at an elevation of 216.3m with a slope of 0.005 towards the existing well, at right angles to the building.

The water metering unit is used to measure the volume of water supplied to the building. It is placed at the entrance behind the first capital wall of the building at a height of 0.5-1.0 m from the floor in a convenient and easily accessible room with artificial or natural lighting and air temperature not lower than 5 ° С.

In course work, one water supply inlet is designed, on which a water metering unit with a bypass line is located. A gate valve is provided on the bypass line, which is sealed in the closed position during normal operation. The water metering unit consists of a water meter, shutoff valves - gate valves or valves (depending on the gauge of the water meter), installed on each side of the meter, a control valve with a diameter of 20 mm, connecting shaped parts and branch pipes.

The water metering unit at the entrance to the building is designed as a detail of the project and is shown in an enlarged scale of 1:20 in the graphic part .

Sewerage system

3.1. Selection of sewage system diagram

The internal domestic sewage system is designed to drain waste water from the building to the external sewage system. The internal sewerage network consists of discharge pipes from sanitary devices, risers with ventilation parts and outlets.

Discharge pipelines are located mainly above the floor rectilinear with slope of 0.03 towards risers. Risers are located open near the walls .

On the internal sewerage network, inspections and cleaning are provided, which are installed on risers no less than 3 floors, but necessarily on the upper and lower. Revisions are located at a height of 1 m from the floor .

For sewage ventilation, risers are brought above the roof of the building to a height of 0.5 m. Diameter of riser exhaust part is taken equal to diameter of riser drain part.

Cast iron pipes are used for internal sewerage.

Sewage from the designed residential building is discharged into the external sewage network in two outlets. Prefabricated reinforced concrete wells with a diameter of 1 m are installed at the outlets. The minimum depth of the outlet (at the building) is determined taking into account ensuring the mechanical strength of the pipes from the impact of ground transport and preventing network freezing. Depth of discharge tray (bottom) laying is taken to be less than maximum depth of ground freezing by 0.3 m, but not less than 0.7 m from pipe top .

A yard sewage network made of ceramic pipes with a diameter of 150mm has been designed for waste water removal. On the network there are 3 wells - two at the outlets and one control, which is located 1.5 m from the red line towards the courtyard.

The effluents are discharged to the existing sewage pit on the street sewage network.

3.8. Installation of sewage system

The internal sewerage network, consisting of branch pipes, risers, exhaust part, horizontal lines, outlets and cleaning devices, is installed from cast-iron sewage pipes with a diameter of 50 and 100 mm according to GOST 694280. Cast iron pipes are connected by means of funnels.

Slot between bell and smooth end of pipe is filled with tow made of resin strand with cement. To change the direction of the pipeline, connect side branches, connect pipes of various diameters, shaped parts are used: elbows, branches, crosses, tees, indents, branch pipes.

On the sewer risers there are revisions that allow cleaning the pipe in all directions. They are made in the form of hatches on the pipe, closed by a cover with a rubber gasket, which are attracted to the body by two or four bolts.

Cleaners are installed on outlets, they are made from oblique tee and tap. The bell is closed with a plug from above. Sewage is collected by sanitary devices - toilets, washes, washbasins, baths.

Equipment and Material Specification

The specification is the basis for carrying out the estimate and, therefore, determining the cost of the construction site. Therefore, it should best reflect the need for materials and equipment laid down in the project.

In the course design, the specification is drawn up only for internal networks of cold water supply and sewerage. The specification includes pipes, isolation valves, water metering units, as well as sanitary devices measured in sets. The set includes fastening parts of the sanitary device, siphon revision, etc.

To compensate for possible errors in finding the lengths of network sections and converting from scale to natural value, the obtained result in the length of pipes increases by 10%.

Conclusion

In this course work, the design of internal water supply and sewerage networks for a six-story residential building with a number of 180chel residents was carried out. City water supply and sewerage networks are located in the immediate vicinity of the designed facility. Guaranteed head in the street water supply network 34m.

The internal water supply system of the building is dead end with lower wiring. The conduit entry is below the freezing depth. When the basement wall passes, the pipeline is laid in the case. A water metering unit with a bypass line is provided at the inlet with a diameter of 50mm. To take into account the amount of water consumed, a meter with a diameter of 50 mm is installed. The water supply system operates under the pressure of the city network .

Main pipelines from steel water and gas pipes are laid in the basement room along the inner walls at a distance of 20 cm from the basement ceiling on hooks or brackets. Each branch from the main line is provided with isolation valves.

On the water supply network there is a device for watering cranes with a diameter of 25mm, which are located in the niches of the external walls, the distance between them along the perimeter of the building does not exceed 60m.

The design does not provide for a centralized hot water supply. In the apartments there are fast-acting gas water heaters with multi-point water collection.

The building has designed a network of household sewage from cast iron pipes. Branch lines from plumbing appliances are laid in an open way, above the floor of domestic premises with a slope of 0.03 towards the risers.

As shaped parts, oblique tees and taps at an angle of 45 degrees are used. Drains from all apartments along the main line located under the basement ceiling are transported to the exit from the building. The initial discharge depth of the sewer network is 0.3m above the freezing depth. The project provides for the construction of a yard network with a diameter of 150mm from ceramic pipes.

Thus, the building has developed a set of sanitary and technical measures to provide a comfortable habitat for residents.