Ten-story large-panel residential building of sectional type Chelyabinsk - AR

Contents

Introduction

1. Characteristics of natural and climatic conditions

2. Master Plan

3. Space Planning Solution

4. Architectural and structural solutions

5. Design part

a) Calculation of foundation deepening

b) Thermal design of enclosing structures

6. List of literature used

Introduction

Buildings of any type shall meet maximum, technical, economic and artistic requirements.

Requirements of functional feasibility of the design solution implies maximum compliance of the building premises with the functional processes taking place in them. The project should provide an optimal environment for a person in the course of performing the functions for which the building is intended. Environment parameters - dimensions of building premises in accordance with their purpose, state of air environment, light mode, sound mode - are set for each type of SNiP building - by construction codes and rules. Compliance with SNiP requirements is mandatory during design.

The requirement of technical feasibility of the design solution implies the implementation of its structures in full compliance with the laws of construction mechanics, construction physics and chemistry. To do this, the designer needs to identify and accurately take into account all external impacts on buildings.

The requirements of the economic feasibility of the design of the building relate to the functional and technical side. When solving functional problems - sizes, accommodations, the number of premises and their engineering improvement - it is necessary to proceed from the actual needs and capabilities of society.

The economic feasibility with regard to the structural part of the project is the assignment of the necessary reserves of strength and stability of structures during the design, as well as their durability and fire resistance in accordance with the purpose of the building and its design life.

Architectural and artistic requirements for the design solution are the need to correspond the appearance of the building to its purpose and to form the volume of the interiors of the building according to the laws of beauty.

4. Architectural and constructive solution.

The structural system is arceless (panel).

Structural diagram - with variable pitch of transverse structural walls.

Construction scheme: of large elements with reinforced concrete structures.

4.1. Foundations and foundations.

The foundations are designed in the following version: at permissible pressure on the ground from 0.15MPa (on the sand pad with a layer of 100mm), a tape prefabricated foundation is laid, consisting of two structural elements - foundation cushions and basement panels. Reinforced concrete cushions are connected to the surface by a reinforced seam with a thickness of 50 mm. Their binding to the axis of the external bearing walls - 650 and 550mm outside and inside, respectively, to the axis of the internal walls - 600mm on both sides. Panels of the interior walls of the basement are reinforced concrete with a thickness of 300mm and a height of 1800mm. External basement panels are ceramic concrete, 300mm thick and 1800mm high. Their binding to the axis of the external load-bearing walls is 200 and 100 mm outside and inside, respectively, to the axis of the internal walls - 150 mm on both sides.

Anti-capillary waterproofing from cement mortar of 1:2 composition is arranged in the level of support of floor slabs above the basement. The basement panels below the surface of the planned ground are coated with hot bitumen on the outside in 2 times, waterproofing from cement mortar is also arranged between them and the pillow.

4.2. Panels of external and internal walls.

For a system with a small pitch of transverse bearing walls, concrete panels are made with a thickness of 120 and 160 mm, respectively, for inter-room and inter-apartment fences. Panels of external walls - three-layer, 350mm thick. Thickness of external walls according to thermal engineering calculation is 350mm. Panels of non-bearing walls are supported by internal layer on floor panels, transferring load to internal bearing walls through them.

The panels of the external walls are mated with the internal walls by putting the latter into a joint for 30 mm and are fastened with steel bonds in two levels along the height of the floor and subsequent freezing with concrete, such a mating is called "dovetail." Steel links are installed in the zone of upper and lower support units of the panel and are made of reinforcement clamps. The faces of the panels entering at the mouth of the joint have corrugations, which creates a key structure of the joint after it is frozen .

Air-and-heat insulation of joints is solved by means of joint gluing from inside with roll waterproofing material and installation of inserts from effective insulators.

Internal structural wall panels are connected to each other in a horizontal plane at the same floor height level - at the top of the panels. Bonds - welded from reinforcement shorts - are welded to embedded parts in panels. The vertical joint of the panels is a concrete key, the keys are formed during freezing due to the corrugation of the joints of the faces of the panels. The joint of the panels of the internal walls with floors is platform.

4.3. Slabs.

Slabs of floors are reinforced concrete flat, 160mm thick, "per room" in size. They are laid in a slot of wall panels with a depth of 100 mm on a layer of cement mortar with a thickness of 15 mm. Plates are supported along the contour on three or four sides. Plates are reinforced with welded blocks installed in cassette in assembled form, including loop outlets, embedded parts and spatial frames-retainers.

Reinforcement elements are connected into spatial unit by contact electric welding. M200 concrete slabs are formed. In slabs with a thickness of 120 mm, additional soundproofing measures are provided for in the floor structure.

Rigidity of the slab disk is provided by welding of reinforcement outlets located on the side faces, and grouting of the joints with M100 cement mortar. Design position of plates is controlled by retainers in bearing walls.

4.4. Stair lift assembly.

The staircase and elevator unit combines all the elements of the building: a porch, a vestibule, a staircase, an elevator, a garbage duct with a garbage removal chamber and "pockets" connecting the entrance to the apartment with the staircase and individual elevator halls. Vertical shaft of ladder-lift unit makes passenger elevator shaft adjoining stairwell with lifting capacity of 320kg.

The main element of the vertical trunk of the staircase assembly of buildings up to 9 floors high is a staircase for everyday use, connecting the floors and having a direct exit to the street.

The staircase is assembled from railway flights with frieze steps and rib platforms. The basement march is shortened and rests with its cut end on the slab at the level of the entrance vestibule. Climbing to the eye to the roof is carried out along a steel ladder.

4.5. Roof.

The roof of a nine-story residential building is with a cold attic, an internal drainage and a roll roof with a slope of 5%. As a cold attic insulation, a semi-rigid min. plate with a thickness of 150mm laid on a pre-prepared vapor insulation is used. The roof is assembled from railway ribbed coating plates, which are supported by external walls and trays, and railway tray plates installed on attic panels.

4.6. Elevator shaft.

The elevator shaft, mounted from volumetric elements with a height of "on the floor," and the machine room does not directly adjoin the living rooms and is enclosed by non-burning walls with a fire resistance limit of 1 hour. The elevator machine room is located in the attic. For the purpose of soundproofing between the walls of the shaft and the structures of the building, gaps of 20 mm are provided, filled with a ground pack and covered with plastic plinths or linings.

4.7. Garbage truck.

The trash duct consists of: a barrel with intake valves located through the floor on interstage platforms; a ventilation shaft with a deflector and a garbage removal chamber that rises above them and goes to the attic.

4.8. Ventilation.

Separate sanitary cabins are located in volumetric railway elements of "sleeve" type. Ventilation ducts are included in their walls. Separate ventilation units are installed in kitchens. Ventilation risers are brought to the cold attic, and air is removed outside through the ventilation shafts without leaving the attic.

4.9. Heating system.

The heating system of the building is single-tube with lower wiring, risers are vertical, with an offset axial closing section. The layout and arrangement of risers in the rooms is closed. Heating devices - cast iron radiators NS14098. Heat is supplied to the house by the CHP, the central heat supply. Temperature condition of giving of heat of 70105 wasps.

4.10. Electrical support.

In the space of the staircase in the wall panel there are blocks with electrical equipment systems, television, radio and telephone cables with branches to each apartment.

4.11. Sewerage system.

The sewage system is vertical (pipe diameter is 200mm), with horizontal wiring (pipe diameter is 100mm).