VKR Construction of a ten-story brick two-section residential building in St. Petersburg

Contents

CONTENTS

Introduction

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Architectural and construction section

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Technology and Organization Section

constructions

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Civil Defence Section

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Security Sections

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Economic section

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List of literature

Application

GRAPHIC MATERIAL LIST

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Master Plan. M 1:

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Building facades. M 1:

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Typical floor plan. M 1:50; Ground floor plan. M 1:

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Cut down stair M 1:

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Job Instruction for Roofing Arrangement

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Standard Floor Brickwork Routing

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Schedule. Work Movement Schedule

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Construction Master Plan. M 1:

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Technical and economic indicators of the facility

Introduction

Today, the issue of civil engineering is more important than ever before. With the growth of cities, the population and its need for new, modern and landscaped housing are growing.

The creation of a residential environment for comfortable living of people is inextricably connected with the urban planning situation, the presence of the necessary infrastructure and social and cultural facilities in the housing placement microdistrict.

Brick has long established itself as a reliable and relatively cheap building material. Back in Stalin's time, brick construction gained global proportions. However, it is foolish to compare the construction brick of those times with modern materials - the difference will be too large. Now brick is a very light ceramic product, which, despite its low weight, has rather high strength characteristics.

The construction of multi-family residential buildings meets the main modern requirements in construction, the emergence of new materials, technologies and methods that allow creating the most comfortable and favorable living conditions for all groups of the population, as well as improving the aesthetic perception of the residential environment.

1. architectural and construction section

1.1 Natural and climatic conditions

The average annual air temperature at the construction site in St. Petersburg is 5.4 ° C, in the western regions of the region 3.8-5 ° C, in the eastern regions 2.7-3.5 ° C. The annual temperature difference is 73.0 ° С. The maximum temperature is 37.1 ° C. The minimum temperature is 35.9 ° C. The average long-term number of days per year with an average daily temperature above 0 ° C in St. Petersburg is 232 days. The average date of the transition of the average daily air temperature through 0 ° C towards positive values ​ ​ in the spring is March 29 (in the region on April 4-9), towards negative values ​ ​ in the fall - November 17 (in the region on November 12-14). The coldest month is February with an average temperature of 8.0 ° C to 8.5 ° C. The warmest month is July with an average temperature of 17.4 ° C to 18.0 ° C. Air humidity is 78% (in summer - 60-70%, in winter - 83-88%).

The annual rainfall is 517-557 mm (with amendments to wetting and wind underestimation 637-666 mm). The daily maximum precipitation is 81.9 mm. The maximum precipitation in St. Petersburg usually falls on August (81 mm), and the minimum - on February (31 mm).

Snow cover - 4.3 months. Standard weight of snow cover - 180 kgf/m2. Standard wind speed at a height of 10 m - 30 kgf/m2. The average wind speed is 2.3 m/s.

The prevailing winds are southwestern with an average speed of up to 3 m/s, strong (up to 10 m/s) on average 1-2 times a year. Southerly winds are more constant, which can operate continuously for 4-5 days. The duration of northern winds usually does not exceed 2 days.

Master Plan

The master plan is designed in accordance with the requirements of fire protection, sanitary hygiene, and other building design standards.

The building is being built on a wasteland next to the road.

Projected driveways and sidewalks provide transport and pedestrian links between

Improvement, in addition to creating lawns and flower gardens, includes the organization of playgrounds for children's games, physical education, adult recreation and economic purposes.

The building is designed taking into account the requirements of SNiP 210197 "Fire safety of buildings and structures."

Technical and economic indicators by general plan:

The area of ​ ​ the site is 1337 m2;

The building area is 852 m2;

Landscaping area - 146 m2;

The area of ​ ​ driveways, passages, sites is -339 m2.;

Civil Defence Section

Civil defense is an integral part of the system of national measures carried out to protect the population and objects of the national economy in conditions of emergencies of peaceful and wartime. This goal can be achieved by undertaking organizational, engineering and other activities in advance aimed at minimizing the impact of damaging factors.

Engineering protection of workers and employees of the facility is protection using engineering structures: shelters, anti-radiation shelters. It is achieved by preliminary engineering measures for the construction and equipment of protective structures, taking into account the conditions of the location of the facility and the requirements of construction codes and rules.

Shelters include facilities that provide the most reliable protection for people from all damaging factors of nuclear weapons - from shock waves, light radiation, penetrating radiation (including neutron flux) and from radioactive contamination. Shelters are also protected from toxic substances and bacterial agents, from high temperatures and harmful gases in fire zones and from collapses and debris from explosions.

People can stay in shelters for a long time, even in littered shelters, their safety is ensured for several days. Reliable protection in shelters is achieved due to the strength of enclosing structures and their floors, as well as due to the creation of sanitary and hygienic conditions that ensure the normal life of people in shelters in case of contamination of the environment on the surface with radioactive, toxic substances and bacterial agents or mass fires.

Built-in shelters are the most common. They usually use basement or semi-basement floors of industrial, public and residential buildings.

It is also silent to build shelters in the form of separate structures. Such shelters are completely or partially buried and sprinkled from above and from the sides with soil. Various underpasses and galleries, subways, and mining workings can be adapted for them.

Shelters should be located in places of greatest concentration of people for whose shelter they are intended.

The shelter consists of a main room designed to accommodate sheltered people, and auxiliary rooms for inlets, a filtering chamber, a sanitary unit, for a heating device, and in some cases rooms for a protected diesel plant, and an artesian well. In a large-capacity shelter, rooms can be allocated for a food pantry and a medical room.

A room designed to accommodate the sheltered is calculated for a certain number of people: per person there is at least 0.5 m2 of floor area and 1.5 m2 of internal volume. A large room in area is divided into compartments with a capacity of 5075 people. In the room (compartments), two or three-tier benches for seating and shelves for lying are equipped; seats are arranged with a size of 0.45x 0.45 m, and for lying 0.55x 1.8 m.

So that air contaminated with radioactive, poisonous substances and bacterial agents does not enter the premises where the sheltered ones are located, they are well sealed. This is achieved by the increased density of walls and floors of such rooms, the sealing of all kinds of cracks, holes, etc., as well as the corresponding equipment of the entrances.

The refuge usually has at least two entrances located on opposite sides. The built-in shelter must also have an emergency exit. In most cases, the entrances to the shelter are equipped in the form of two lock chambers (tambours), separated from the main room and fenced off by hermetic doors. A strong protective-sealing door is arranged outside the entrance, which can withstand the pressure of the shock wave of a nuclear explosion. The entrance may have a pretambour.

The emergency exit is an underground gallery with access to an independent area through a vertical shaft ending in a strong tip. The emergency exit shall be closed by protective and sealing shutters, doors or other opening devices for shockwave isolation.

In the filtering chamber there is a filtering unit providing ventilation of the shelter premises and cleaning the outside air from radioactive, toxic substances and bacterial agents.

A filtering unit is usually a VFA49, FVK unit. 1 or FVK2, consisting of filter absorbers, anti-dust filter and fan and included in the shelter filtering system. This system also includes an air intake device, air ducts, nuclear explosion shock wave valves, and control equipment.

The filtering system can operate in two modes: clean ventilation and filtering. In the first mode, air is cleaned from coarse radioactive dust (in the dust filter), in the second - from other radioactive and substances, as well as from toxic substances and bacterial agents (in absorber filters).

The amount of outdoor air supplied to the shelter, but to the clean ventilation mode, is set depending on the air temperature in the amount from 7 to 20 m/h, according to the filtering mode - from 2 to 8 m/h per person to be sheltered. Air is supplied via air ducts using a fan.

When the refuge is located in a place where a strong fire or gas content of the territory with potent poisonous substances is possible, a mode of complete isolation of the refuge premises with air regeneration in them may be provided.

Air duct networks located in the shelter are painted in distinctive colors: clean ventilation mode - in white, filtering mode - in red. Air recirculation pipes are also painted red.

If the shelter is sealed securely, the air pressure inside the shelter becomes slightly higher than atmospheric (the so-called overpressure is formed) after closing the doors, being installed and actuating the filtering unit.

Various engineering systems are equipped in the shelter: power supply (pipes with wiring painted black), water supply (pipes painted green), heating (pipes painted brown). It is also equipped with a radio broadcasting point (loudspeaker) and a telephone is installed (radio communication is organized if possible).

In addition, a set of means for reconnaissance (dosimetric devices, chemical reconnaissance devices, etc.), protective clothing, fire extinguishing equipment, emergency stock of tools, emergency lighting equipment, food and water supplies are located in the premises of the shelter.

The asylum must also have documents defining the characteristics and rules of its content, a passport, a plan, rules of content and a timesheet for equipping the asylum, a diagram of external and internal networks indicating disconnecting devices, a log of checking the status of the asylum, etc.

In peacetime, the main attention is paid to the issues of dispersed deployment of agribusiness facilities, taking into account the interests of civil defense. For example, it is impractical to build them near large cities, in the zone of possible destruction. All capital construction at the facilities should be carried out with compliance with the requirements of engineering and technical measures (ITM) of the GO.

To prevent an acute shortage of energy supply, inevitable in wartime, they determine the main production processes, production areas that will be the main consumers of energy, and develop energy-saving technologies and schedules for the supply of electricity from autonomous power sources for them, establish the minimum necessary requirements for the facility in electricity, fuel and lubricants, gas, water. They acquire autonomous sources of energy supply.

Develop measures to reduce the harmful effects of natural disasters and prevent accidents and disasters. The problem of reducing the danger and damage caused by a particular natural disaster has many aspects - scientific, engineering, economic, social, administrative, psychological, etc.

Reducing the impact of earthquakes is achieved by organizing predictive centers, earthquake-resistant construction, creating food supplies, medicines, developing evacuation plans, preparing formations and the population, and creating a clearly functioning warning system.

Early firefighting significantly reduces the potential for fires and reduces damage from fires. Such activities consist in extensive public awareness-raising among the population, forestry, peat farming, agro-industrial facilities; continuous monitoring of compliance with fire safety measures and requirements; Various special events. Of great importance for the prevention of forest and peat fires is the timely developed scientific forecast of the fire situation for the spring-summer and autumn periods. In order to timely detect the fire center, forest and peat management organizes air and ground patrols. The presence, degree of training and constant readiness of fire-fighting formations, their equipment with modern fire-fighting equipment and equipment are important for the quick localization and elimination of the fire center.

Measures to prevent accidents and disasters are a set of organizational and engineering measures aimed at identifying and eliminating the causes of these phenomena, minimizing possible destruction and losses if these causes cannot be completely eliminated, as well as creating favorable conditions for rescue and emergency recovery.

The most effective action is to lay in the projects of newly created objects planning, technical and technological solutions that minimize the likelihood of accidents or reduce material damage in case of an accident.

Requirements of labor protection, safety measures, the service regulation of power stations, the hoisting-and-transport equipment, tanks under high pressure, etc. are considered.

Life Safety Section

When performing construction and installation works, it is necessary to strictly observe the requirements of labor safety in accordance with SNiP 12032001 "Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General Requirements, "SNiP 12042002" Occupational Safety in Construction. Part 2. Construction Production, "POT RM 0122000" Intersectoral Rules for Labor Protection at Work at Altitude, "PPB0103" Fire Safety Rules in the Russian Federation, "PB 1038200" Rules for the Construction and Safe Operation of Lifting Cranes, and other regulatory documents for Labor Protection listed in Appendix "A" to S" S" 12032001. The composition and content of occupational safety decisions is determined in accordance with Appendix "K" SNiP 12.032001.

The main hazardous production factors during the works are:

operation of construction machines and mechanisms;

work with the power tool and near the electrical networks;

works on transportation and storage of construction cargoes;

fire risk;

harmful sanitary and hygienic factors (lack of illumination, chemically active or poisonous substances).

Before starting the work of the preparatory period, it is necessary to issue the certificate of admission in the form of Appendix "B" SNiP 12032001.

Orders for the organization shall appoint persons responsible for ensuring labor protection within the areas of work assigned to them in accordance with Clause 5.5 of SNiP 12032001, as well as a person responsible for safe crane work in accordance with PB 1038200.

The completion of preparatory work at the construction site shall be accepted according to the Act on the Implementation of Labor Safety Measures, drawn up in accordance with Appendix "I" of SNiP 12032001.

The territory of the construction site on the side of nab. The bypass canal has an existing stone fence, on the side of Rybinskaya Street, as well as on the western and southwestern sides, the construction site has an existing concrete fence. In addition, the construction site is enclosed by temporary fencing from a profiler 2.5 m high according to GOST 2340778. To warn about the boundaries of the territory and areas with dangerous and harmful production factors, signal fences are arranged. Height of signal enclosures struts shall be 0.8 m. Safety signs as per GOST R 12.4.0262001 are installed on the enclosures.

To warn the public about the danger, inscriptions and signs are installed, as well as an information shield (at the gate of entry to the construction site). The construction site is equipped with the necessary safety signs and visual agitation.

Loading of soil on dump trucks is performed from the side of rear or side side. It is forbidden to carry an excavating ladle over the car cabin. When loading a car truck, its driver must be outside the danger zone. A loaded truck can start moving only after the permission signal of the excavator driver.

During the operation of the excavator, no strangers should be within the range of its action plus 5 m. Before starting work or moving the machine, a sound or light signal must be sent. Do not leave machines with a running engine without supervision.

Prior to the commencement of the work, the foreman must familiarize all workers with the most dangerous aspects of the work and must take all precautions to prevent accidents.

During operation of the crane it is necessary to comply with the requirements of SNiP 12032001, primarily sections 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2 concerning the requirements for crane operation and safety of loading and unloading operations, as well as the requirements of SNiP 12042002 and PB 1038200. In order to avoid access of unauthorized persons, hazardous areas of crane operation shall be protected by signal fencing as per GOST 2340778.

The operation of lifting machines at the facility should be organized in compliance with safety rules by a person from among the ITRs responsible for the safe performance of cargo movement by cranes, after checking knowledge and obtaining the corresponding certificate.

The distance between the swivel part of the boom crane in any position and the structures, stacks of goods and other objects shall be not less than 1 m. When moving goods by cranes, persons not connected with this process shall be outside the "danger zone." The rafters must leave the hazardous area before a signal is sent to the crane driver about the lifting and movement of the cargo. The rafter may be located near the load during its lifting or lowering, if the load is at a height of not more than 1 m from the level of the platform on which the rafter is located. The boundaries of hazardous areas near the moving parts and working bodies of cranes are 5 m. The boundaries of the hazardous area near the places of cargo movement by crane are 7 m.

It is not allowed to find people under a moving load. For horizontal movement, the load must be raised 0.5 m above the obstacles encountered in the path. All roads and sites shall have a slope of not more than 3 °.

Prior to the commencement of the work, the foreman must familiarize all workers with the most dangerous aspects of the work and must take all precautions to prevent accidents.

All persons located on the territory of the construction site (except for specified passages to household premises) are required to wear protective helmets as per GOST 12.4.08784 and overalls (shoes).

The mode of operation during construction and installation works is one-, two-, three-shift, the duration of the working shift is 8 hours with a break for eating (1 hour ).

In accordance with the requirements of SanPiN 2.2.3.138403, working, emergency, evacuation and security lighting can be organized at the facility. Working lighting is provided for all construction sites and areas where work is carried out at night and at twilight, and is carried out by general and combined lighting installations.

Emergency lighting should be provided in the places where concreting of structures is carried out in cases where, according to the requirements of the technology, a break in concrete laying is unacceptable.

Evacuation lighting should be provided at the main escape routes, as well as at passageways where there is a risk of injury. Evacuation lighting inside the building under construction is provided by lighting 0.5 lux, outside the building - 0.2 lux.

Take increased fire safety measures. The construction site is equipped with a set of primary fire extinguishing equipment - sand, shovels, crimps, fire extinguishers.

In order to comply with fire safety, officials (foreman, foreman) are obliged to:

Instruct all persons involved in the construction, with registration in a special journal;

to know and accurately perform the fire prevention measures envisaged by the project;

to know and accurately comply with fire safety rules, to monitor compliance with them by all those working in the construction industry;

ensure availability, serviceable maintenance and readiness to use fire extinguishing equipment;

ensure disconnection of the entire power supply system of the construction site after the end of the working shift, except for duty lighting, lighting of passageways, passageways of the construction site territory;

regularly check fire condition at least once per shift;

it is mandatory to know the fire hazard of materials and structures used in construction;

to establish a list of professions whose employees must undergo training in the fire minimum program;

establish by order or order of the officials responsible for the fire-fighting production of construction and installation works, with the organization of voluntary fire brigades;

The permit for fire operations shall be signed by the customer.

Instructions, warning signs and posters on fire safety measures shall be displayed in all fire hazardous rooms, taking into account the peculiarities of these rooms, means of extinguishing measures and evacuation of people. Smoking on the territory of the construction site is allowed only in specially designated places with the inscription: "Place for smoking."

Basic requirements of safety rules during excavation by excavators

1. Pits and trenches developed in places where people or vehicles are moving should be fenced before their development. Warning signs and signs shall be installed on the fence, and signal lighting shall be installed at night.

2. During operation, measures must be taken to prevent overturning or spontaneous movement of the excavator under the influence of wind.

3. Movement, installation and operation of the excavator near trenches and pits with loose slopes is permitted only outside the prism of soil collapse at a distance not exceeding the values specified in table SNiP 3.02.0187 "Earthworks. Foundations and foundations. " It is forbidden to be between the excavator and the vehicle during loading. Loading of soil on the dump trucks shall be carried out from the rear or side side.

Basic requirements of safety rules during insulation works

When performing insulation works (waterproofing, heat insulation, anticorrosion), it is necessary to provide measures to prevent exposure of employees to the following hazardous and harmful production factors related to the nature of the work:

increased dust and gas content of the working zone air;

increased or decreased temperature of equipment surfaces, materials and air of the working zone;

location of the workplace near the difference in height of 1.3 m or more;

sharp edges, burrs and roughness on surfaces of equipment and materials.

In the presence of hazardous and harmful industrial factors, the safety of insulation works should be ensured on the basis of the following labor protection decisions:

organization of workplaces with indication of methods and means for provision of ventilation, fire extinguishing, protection against thermal burns, lighting, performance of works at height;

special safety measures when performing works in closed rooms, apparatuses and tanks;

safety measures during preparation and transportation of hot mastic and materials.

In the areas of work, in the premises where insulation work is carried out with the release of harmful and fire hazardous substances, it is not allowed to perform other work and find unauthorized persons.

Insulation works on process equipment and pipelines shall be performed, as a rule, before their installation or after permanent fixation in accordance with the design.

When performing anticorrosive works, in addition to the requirements of these norms and regulations, the requirements of state standards should be met.

When performing heat insulation works using asbestos products and asbestos-containing materials, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of POT PM010.

Organization of workplaces

Workplaces during hot mastic preparation, insulation works with release of fire hazardous substances shall be equipped with primary fire extinguishing equipment according to PPB 01.

During insulation works inside closed rooms, workplaces shall be provided with ventilation (ventilation) and local lighting from the electrical network with voltage not exceeding 12 V with valves in explosion-proof design.

Workplaces for performing insulation works at height shall be equipped with scavenging facilities with fences and ladders for lifting on them, which meet the requirements of SNiP 1203.

When performing insulation works using hot bitumen, employees must use special suits with trousers issued on top of boots.

Bitumen mastic should be delivered to workplaces, usually by bitumen pipeline or in tanks using a crane.

When moving hot bitumen manually at workplaces, metal tanks should be used, having the shape of a truncated cone, facing a wide part down, with tightly closing covers and locking devices.

When lowering hot bitumen into the pit or lifting it to a scaffold or floor, it is necessary to use tanks with closed covers, moved inside a box closed on all sides.

Do not climb (descend) on stairs with tanks with hot bitumen.

Basic requirements of safety rules during finishing works

When performing finishing works (plaster, paint, facing, glass), it is necessary to provide measures to prevent the following hazardous and harmful production factors related to the nature of the work:

increased dust and gas content of the working zone air;

location of the workplace near the difference in height of 1.3 m or more;

sharp edges, burrs and roughness on surfaces of finishing materials and structures;

insufficient illumination of the working area.

In the presence of hazardous and harmful production factors, the safety of finishing works should be ensured by organizing workplaces, providing them with the necessary scavenging means and other means of small mechanization necessary for the performance of work.

When using compositions containing harmful and fire hazardous substances, ventilation and fire safety solutions shall be provided.

Finishing compositions and mastic should be prepared, as a rule, centrally. When preparing them at the construction site, it is necessary to use for these purposes rooms equipped with ventilation, which does not allow exceeding the maximum permissible concentration of harmful substances in the air of the working area. Rooms shall be provided with harmless detergents and warm water.

Operation of mobile paint stations for the preparation of paint compositions not equipped with forced ventilation is not allowed.

List of minimum mandatory requirements to ensure anti-terrorism protection of the construction site

availability of security measures and engineering and technical facilities providing protection against unauthorized penetration of unauthorized persons and vehicles into the construction site, including organization of a checkpoint and internal facility regime with stay control and access restriction system;

verification of personal data of employees during employment;

restriction of parking of vehicles near the construction site;

restricting the location and construction of foreign objects in close proximity;

organization of protection of information on anti-terrorist security of the facility;

involvement in construction and installation work on the construction site of organizations licensed to carry out this type of activity and citizens with registration;

instructing the personnel of the facility to increase vigilance and actions in the context of a terrorist threat;

The availability of means of communication that ensure timely information to law enforcement authorities about possible signs of a terrorist threat;

availability of loudspeaker communication systems.

Economic section

The estimated cost of construction is calculated on the basis of the statement of work presented in the section of technology and organization of construction .

Calculation of estimated cost of construction is performed according to MDS 8125.2001 "Methodological instructions for determination of estimated profit value in construction."

The cost of work is determined in current prices of October 2017, using the base-index method of calculation. Local estimates for all types of work are compiled in the estimate base "Territorial Unit Rates" - TER-2017 St. Petersburg, using the recommended indices for recalculating the estimated cost of construction for transition to current prices for the month of October 2017 for the remuneration of construction workers and machine operators k = 11.263; for the operation of construction machines and mechanisms k = 7.202; based on materials k = 5.166 according to letter No. 20108and dated 13.08.2010. The factor k = 1.15 for constriction is taken into account in local estimates .

The object estimate calculation summarizes all costs for the construction of buildings and structures:

- to perform all types of construction works (civil, sanitary, special);

- purchase of equipment and its installation;

- Purchase of production equipment, tools, appliances;

- for public buildings - household equipment and interior decoration.

An object estimate is drawn up in the current price level according to the standard form by combining data from the corresponding local estimates. At the same time, costs are grouped into columns by elements of estimated cost: "construction work," "installation work," "equipment, furniture, inventory," "other costs."

When compiling an object estimate calculation, the results are summed up for all graphs of the form and as a result, the unit cost per design meter of the building is calculated: 1 m3 of construction volume.

harmful sanitary and hygienic factors (lack of illumination, chemically active or poisonous substances).

Before starting the work of the preparatory period, it is necessary to issue the certificate of admission in the form of Appendix "B" SNiP 12032001.

Orders for the organization shall appoint persons responsible for ensuring labor protection within the areas of work assigned to them in accordance with Clause 5.5 of SNiP 12032001, as well as a person responsible for safe crane work in accordance with PB 1038200.

The completion of preparatory work at the construction site shall be accepted according to the Act on the Implementation of Labor Safety Measures, drawn up in accordance with Appendix "I" of SNiP 12032001.

The territory of the construction site on the side of nab. The bypass canal has an existing stone fence, on the side of Rybinskaya Street, as well as on the western and southwestern sides, the construction site has an existing concrete fence. In addition, the construction site is enclosed by temporary fencing from a profiler 2.5 m high according to GOST 2340778. To warn about the boundaries of the territory and areas with dangerous and harmful production factors, signal fences are arranged. Height of signal enclosures struts shall be 0.8 m. Safety signs as per GOST R 12.4.0262001 are installed on the enclosures.

To warn the public about the danger, inscriptions and signs are installed, as well as an information shield (at the gate of entry to the construction site). The construction site is equipped with the necessary safety signs and visual agitation.

Loading of soil on dump trucks is performed from the side of rear or side side. It is forbidden to carry an excavating ladle over the car cabin. When loading a car truck, its driver must be outside the danger zone. A loaded truck can start moving only after the permission signal of the excavator driver.

During the operation of the excavator, no strangers should be within the range of its action plus 5 m. Before starting work or moving the machine, a sound or light signal must be sent. Do not leave machines with a running engine without supervision.

Prior to the commencement of the work, the foreman must familiarize all workers with the most dangerous aspects of the work and must take all precautions to prevent accidents.

During operation of the crane it is necessary to comply with the requirements of SNiP 12032001, primarily sections 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2 concerning the requirements for crane operation and safety of loading and unloading operations, as well as the requirements of SNiP 12042002 and PB 1038200. In order to avoid access of unauthorized persons, hazardous areas of crane operation shall be protected by signal fencing as per GOST 2340778.

The operation of lifting machines at the facility should be organized in compliance with safety rules by a person from among the ITRs responsible for the safe performance of cargo movement by cranes, after checking knowledge and obtaining the corresponding certificate.

The distance between the swivel part of the boom crane in any position and the structures, stacks of goods and other objects shall be not less than 1 m. When moving goods by cranes, persons not connected with this process shall be outside the "danger zone." The rafters must leave the hazardous area before a signal is sent to the crane driver about the lifting and movement of the cargo. The rafter may be located near the load during its lifting or lowering, if the load is at a height of not more than 1 m from the level of the platform on which the rafter is located. The boundaries of hazardous areas near the moving parts and working bodies of cranes are 5 m. The boundaries of the hazardous area near the places of cargo movement by crane are 7 m.

It is not allowed to find people under a moving load. For horizontal movement, the load must be raised 0.5 m above the obstacles encountered in the path. All roads and sites shall have a slope of not more than 3 °.

Prior to the commencement of the work, the foreman must familiarize all workers with the most dangerous aspects of the work and must take all precautions to prevent accidents.

All persons located on the territory of the construction site (except for specified passages to household premises) are required to wear protective helmets as per GOST 12.4.08784 and overalls (shoes).

The mode of operation during construction and installation works is one-, two-, three-shift, the duration of the working shift is 8 hours with a break for eating (1 hour ).

In accordance with the requirements of SanPiN 2.2.3.138403, working, emergency, evacuation and security lighting can be organized at the facility. Working lighting is provided for all construction sites and areas where work is carried out at night and at twilight, and is carried out by general and combined lighting installations.

Emergency lighting should be provided in the places where concreting of structures is carried out in cases where, according to the requirements of the technology, a break in concrete laying is unacceptable.

Evacuation lighting should be provided at the main escape routes, as well as at passageways where there is a risk of injury. Evacuation lighting inside the building under construction is provided by lighting 0.5 lux, outside the building - 0.2 lux.

Take increased fire safety measures. The construction site is equipped with a set of primary fire extinguishing equipment - sand, shovels, crimps, fire extinguishers.

In order to comply with fire safety, officials (foreman, foreman) are obliged to:

Instruct all persons involved in the construction, with registration in a special journal;

to know and accurately perform the fire prevention measures envisaged by the project;

to know and accurately comply with fire safety rules, to monitor compliance with them by all those working in the construction industry;

ensure availability, serviceable maintenance and readiness to use fire extinguishing equipment;

ensure disconnection of the entire power supply system of the construction site after the end of the working shift, except for duty lighting, lighting of passageways, passageways of the construction site territory;

regularly check fire condition at least once per shift;

it is mandatory to know the fire hazard of materials and structures used in construction;

to establish a list of professions whose employees must undergo training in the fire minimum program;

establish by order or order of the officials responsible for the fire-fighting production of construction and installation works, with the organization of voluntary fire brigades;

The permit for fire operations shall be signed by the customer.

Instructions, warning signs and posters on fire safety measures shall be displayed in all fire hazardous rooms, taking into account the peculiarities of these rooms, means of extinguishing measures and evacuation of people. Smoking on the territory of the construction site is allowed only in specially designated places with the inscription: "Place for smoking."

Basic requirements of safety rules during excavation by excavators

1. Pits and trenches developed in places where people or vehicles are moving should be fenced before their development. Warning signs and signs shall be installed on the fence, and signal lighting shall be installed at night.

2. During operation, measures must be taken to prevent overturning or spontaneous movement of the excavator under the influence of wind.

3. Movement, installation and operation of the excavator near trenches and pits with loose slopes is permitted only outside the prism of soil collapse at a distance not exceeding the values specified in table SNiP 3.02.0187 "Earthworks. Foundations and foundations. " It is forbidden to be between the excavator and the vehicle during loading. Loading of soil on the dump trucks shall be carried out from the rear or side side.

Basic requirements of safety rules during insulation works

When performing insulation works (waterproofing, heat insulation, anticorrosion), it is necessary to provide measures to prevent exposure of employees to the following hazardous and harmful production factors related to the nature of the work:

increased dust and gas content of the working zone air;

increased or decreased temperature of equipment surfaces, materials and air of the working zone;

location of the workplace near the difference in height of 1.3 m or more;

sharp edges, burrs and roughness on surfaces of equipment and materials.

In the presence of hazardous and harmful industrial factors, the safety of insulation works should be ensured on the basis of the following labor protection decisions:

organization of workplaces with indication of methods and means for provision of ventilation, fire extinguishing, protection against thermal burns, lighting, performance of works at height;

special safety measures when performing works in closed rooms, apparatuses and tanks;

safety measures during preparation and transportation of hot mastic and materials.

In the areas of work, in the premises where insulation work is carried out with the release of harmful and fire hazardous substances, it is not allowed to perform other work and find unauthorized persons.

Insulation works on process equipment and pipelines shall be performed, as a rule, before their installation or after permanent fixation in accordance with the design.

When performing anticorrosive works, in addition to the requirements of these norms and regulations, the requirements of state standards should be met.

When performing heat insulation works using asbestos products and asbestos-containing materials, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of POT PM010.

Organization of workplaces

Workplaces during hot mastic preparation, insulation works with release of fire hazardous substances shall be equipped with primary fire extinguishing equipment according to PPB 01.

During insulation works inside closed rooms, workplaces shall be provided with ventilation (ventilation) and local lighting from the electrical network with voltage not exceeding 12 V with valves in explosion-proof design.

Workplaces for performing insulation works at height shall be equipped with scavenging facilities with fences and ladders for lifting on them, which meet the requirements of SNiP 1203.

When performing insulation works using hot bitumen, employees must use special suits with trousers issued on top of boots.

Bitumen mastic should be delivered to workplaces, usually by bitumen pipeline or in tanks using a crane.

When moving hot bitumen manually at workplaces, metal tanks should be used, having the shape of a truncated cone, facing a wide part down, with tightly closing covers and locking devices.

When lowering hot bitumen into the pit or lifting it to a scaffold or floor, it is necessary to use tanks with closed covers, moved inside a box closed on all sides.

Do not climb (descend) on stairs with tanks with hot bitumen.

Basic requirements of safety rules during finishing works

When performing finishing works (plaster, paint, facing, glass), it is necessary to provide measures to prevent the following hazardous and harmful production factors related to the nature of the work:

increased dust and gas content of the working zone air;

location of the workplace near the difference in height of 1.3 m or more;

sharp edges, burrs and roughness on surfaces of finishing materials and structures;

insufficient illumination of the working area.

In the presence of hazardous and harmful production factors, the safety of finishing works should be ensured by organizing workplaces, providing them with the necessary scavenging means and other means of small mechanization necessary for the performance of work.

When using compositions containing harmful and fire hazardous substances, ventilation and fire safety solutions shall be provided.

Finishing compositions and mastic should be prepared, as a rule, centrally. When preparing them at the construction site, it is necessary to use for these purposes rooms equipped with ventilation, which does not allow exceeding the maximum permissible concentration of harmful substances in the air of the working area. Rooms shall be provided with harmless detergents and warm water.

Operation of mobile paint stations for the preparation of paint compositions not equipped with forced ventilation is not allowed.

List of minimum mandatory requirements to ensure anti-terrorism protection of the construction site

availability of security measures and engineering and technical facilities providing protection against unauthorized penetration of unauthorized persons and vehicles into the construction site, including organization of a checkpoint and internal facility regime with stay control and access restriction system;

verification of personal data of employees during employment;

restriction of parking of vehicles near the construction site;

restricting the location and construction of foreign objects in close proximity;

organization of protection of information on anti-terrorist security of the facility;

involvement in construction and installation work on the construction site of organizations licensed to carry out this type of activity and citizens with registration;

instructing the personnel of the facility to increase vigilance and actions in the context of a terrorist threat;

The availability of means of communication that ensure timely information to law enforcement authorities about possible signs of a terrorist threat;

availability of loudspeaker communication systems.