Ten-stage large-panel residential building - AR

Contents

Introduction

1. Characteristics of natural and climatic conditions

2. Site Plot Plan

3. Volumetric planning solution

4. Structural solution of the building

4.1. Bases

4.2 Walls

4.3 Overlaps

4.4 Roof and coverings

4.5 Ladder and elevator unit

4.6 Windows and Doors

4.7 Floors

5. Heat Engineering Calculation of Enclosing Structures

6. Building engineering equipment

Bibliographic list

Introduction

Residential apartment buildings can be divided into sectional, corridor, gallery, hall, etc.

The most massive are sectional houses. The sectional system consists in the layout of the building from one or more single-character fragments (sections) with repeating floor plans, and the premises of all floors of each section are associated with common vertical communications - stairs and elevators. It is the basis in the design of apartment buildings of medium and large storeys.

Residential buildings can be multi-sectional and single-sectional. The latter are less economical, but create opportunities for more maneuverable placement in the urban development system and various architectural and compositional solutions.

Panel structures are used to erect residential buildings of various types. Panel construction system is used in designing buildings up to 30 floors high under normal soil conditions and up to 14 floors in seismic areas.

The introduction of the panel system in housing construction was started in the late 1940s. Currently, the panel house building in the whole country is about 70%, and in the largest cities it reaches 90% of the total housing construction.

1. Characteristics of natural and climatic conditions

The construction of a ten-story residential building will be carried out in the city of Ufa.

The following parameters are accepted for Ufa:

Ground freezing depth - 1.8 m (for loamy soils in the presence of a technical floor).

The average temperature of the coldest five-day period is -35 ° C.

The average temperature of the period with an average daily air temperature below 8 ° C is -5.9 ° C.

The heating period is 213 days.

3. Space-planning solution of the building

The designed building is a large-panel 10-story residential building.

The number of sections is one. According to the task variant, the typical floor of the building provides for the location of four apartments 1-2-2-3. Floor height 3.0 m.

The building in its space-planning structure is compact with a floor grouping of apartments around the staircase. The stairwell is illuminated through windows in the exterior walls of each floor.

Ventilation system - exhaust with natural impulse. Inflow is carried out through open windows or windows of rooms, and exhaust - through ventilation channels, which are located in kitchens and in the sun. nodes .

The safety of evacuation of people from the building in the event of a fire is achieved by the allocation of evacuation routes (stairs).

The building is designed taking into account SNiP. The apartments have the required number of rooms designed according to planning normals. All rooms have a functional relationship with each other in accordance with their life processes. All living rooms and kitchen apartments have direct natural lighting through windows and balcony doors. The dimensions of the lights and their placement in the external walls provide the necessary level of lighting for the rooms. In the sun. artificial lighting is used in nodes.

Kitchens and sun. units have special equipment. These rooms are ventilated by means of special ventilation channels.

4. Structural solution of building elements

The structural system is arceless (panel).

The construction system is a panel complete assembly with reinforced concrete structures.

Structural diagram - with small pitch of transverse and longitudinal bearing walls.

The designed building has the following structural elements:

4.1 Foundations:

Prefabricated reinforced concrete foundation is laid on compacted soil.

Depth of foundation laying is determined by formula:

N = Nprom.gr. + plan.otm. +0.10,

where Nprom.gr. - depth of ground freezing characteristic for the given area (city) is determined by formula

Nprom.gr = d0kh√Mt

where Mt is a dimensionless coefficient numerically equal to the sum of the absolute values ​ ​ of the average monthly negative temperatures for winter in a given area, taken according to SNiP in construction climatology and geophysics. Mt = 62,8.

d0 - value taken equal to, m, for:

loam and clay - 0.23;

sandy loam, small and dusty sands - 0.28;

gravelly, large and medium sands - 0.30;

coarse-breaking soils - 0.34.

kh is a coefficient taking into account the influence of the thermal mode of the structure, accepted for a building with a technical underground at a calculated average daily temperature in it of 10 ° С kh = 0.6.

Nprom.gr. = 0,6·0,3·√62,8 = 1,9

plan. elev. is the ground elevation to be determined according to the horizontal location of the building.

Since the terrain is flat, we accept the planning elevation of the ground is the same for the entire foundation.

Foundation laying depth:

Np.f. = -2.0 + (-1.05) + (-0.1) = -3.25 m

Foundation elements: foundation pad, block, basement panel.

We use foundation cushions:

F12-24 (width 1200mm, length 2380mm), F1212 (width 1200mm, length 1180mm), F128 (width 1200mm, length 780mm)

4.2 Walls

Transverse and longitudinal bearing walls from concrete panels are made 160 mm thick for inter-apartment and inter-room fences, panels of external walls are three-layer, 250 mm thick (see heat engineering calculation of the wall).

Interface of panels of external walls with internal walls is carried out by putting the latter into the joint at the containment mm with steel bonds in two levels along the height of the floor and subsequent grouting with concrete. Steel links are installed in the zone of upper and lower support units of panels, made of reinforcement clamps .

Air and heat insulation of conjugates is solved by means of lining from inside with roll waterproofing material and installation of inserts from effective insulators.

Internal structural wall panels are connected to each other in a horizontal plane at the same floor height level - at the top of the panels. Links - prefabricated from rebar - are welded to embedded parts in panels. The vertical joint of the panels is a concrete key, the keys are formed during freezing due to the corrugation of the joints of the faces of the panels. The joint of the panels of the internal walls with floors is platform.

4.3 Overlaps

Slabs of floors are reinforced concrete flat, 160 mm thick. They are laid in a slot of wall panels on a 15 mm thick layer of cement mortar. Plates are supported on 3 or 4 sides. The plate is reinforced with welded blocks installed in the cassette in assembled form, including loop outlets, embedded parts and spatial frames - retainers. Reinforcement elements are connected into spatial unit by contact electric welding.

The dimensions of the slabs correspond to the dimensions of the rooms taken according to the planning normals. One plate covers the corresponding room .

In stoves covering kitchens and sun. units are provided with holes for ventilation channels.

Loggia and balconies are overlapped by balcony slabs with support on two and three sides.

4.4 Roof and coverings

The roof of a ten-story residential building is with a cold attic, an internal drainage and a roll-free roof with a slope of 3%. The roof is assembled from railway coating plates, which are supported by external walls and trays from railway tray plates installed on attic panels. Attic height = 2.5 m. Water drain is internal, organized with water discharge through water intake funnels, risers with outlet to storm sewer.

4.5 Ladder lift unit

The staircase and elevator unit combines all the elements of the building: a vestibule, a porch, a stairwell, an elevator, a garbage duct with a garbage collector. The shaft of the stair lift unit is a passenger elevator shaft adjacent to the stairwell with a carrying capacity of 500 kg.

The main element of the vertical trunk of the staircase assembly of buildings up to 9 floors high is a staircase for everyday use.

The staircase is assembled from railway marches and platforms of the pebpucmoy structure with a frieze stage .

The upper half-site of the last march is located at the level of the attic floor. Climbing to the roof is carried out by a steel staircase. Stairwell platforms rest on internal transverse walls.

4.6. Windows and doors

Windows and balcony doors are made with double glazing.

Tambour doors are thickened from hard wood. Entrance doors to apartments are made of hard wood only without thickening. In-apartment doors are made lightweight. In bedrooms and bathrooms - solid, in kitchens and in shared rooms - with glazing.

4.7. Floors

In all living rooms and in the kitchen, the floors are linoleum. Tile floors made of ceramic tiles with waterproofing coating are arranged in bathrooms.

2. Site Plot Plan

The location of the site is the housing estate of the city of Ufa. The orientation of the building is latitudinal.

The building is located parallel to the residential street of the microdistrict, along which local traffic is carried out. Next to the designed building are other residential buildings.

Between the buildings there are driveways for cars and other vehicles. Near the designed house there are two parking lots for cars of residents of the microdistrict.

The entire territory of the residential zone is landscaped and landscaped. To ensure the rest and stay of children, children's playgrounds, as well as adult recreation grounds, a sports ground and a platform for household needs are arranged.

All elements of improvement are interconnected by sidewalks and footpaths.

Landscaping of the territory is achieved by planting various species of coniferous and deciduous trees, as well as shrubs and flower beds.

6. Building engineering equipment

1. Building heating system.

The heating system of the building is single-tube with upper wiring, risers are vertical, with an offset axial closing section. The layout and arrangement of risers in the rooms is closed. Heating devices - cast iron radiators NS - 140-98. Heat is supplied to the house by the CHP, the central heat supply. Temperature mode of heat supply 10570 ° С.

2. Ventilation system.

Ventilation system includes ventilation risers consisting of transit channels of collectors of increased cross section, and channels supplying air removed from apartments. Ventilation risers end with diffusers on the roof. The ventilation riser is assembled from reinforced concrete blocks designed specifically for the ventilation device. They pass through bathrooms and kitchens. Venting thrust occurs as a result of the temperature difference in the atmosphere and in apartments.

3. Elevator equipment

The elevator shaft is made of prefabricated volumetric reinforced concrete blocks with a height of one floor, rests on a monolithic section of the foundation, laid at an elevation of 2.950 m. And ends with the engine room at its floor level. The elevator shaft is enclosed by non-combustible structures with a fire resistance rating of > 1 h., as well as sound-insulating materials in places of abutment to wall panels.

4. Garbage removal system.

The garbage duct is installed directly behind the elevator shaft on the side of the main facade. It consists of a barrel with receivers through one floor, ending in a ventilation door.

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