Technology of erection of one-storey industrial building

Contents

1. Job (Source Data)

2. Definition of number of installation elements, quantities of works

3. Selection of slinging and mounting devices

4. Selection of installation cranes

4.1. Definition of mounting characteristics for column mounting

4.2. Definition of mounting characteristics for installation of coating beams

4.3. Definition of mounting characteristics for installation of coating plates

5. Calculation of labor costs and wages

6. Technical and economic indicators

7. Installation of single-storey industrial buildings

8. Safety precautions during installation works

Bibliographic list

8. Installation of single-storey industrial buildings

Single-storey industrial buildings are built in a certain technological sequence, which is established during the design of installation works depending on the volume-planning and structural solutions of the erected objects.

Installation of prefabricated structures of one-story industrial buildings is carried out by specialized flows, each of which is given a set of transport and installation machines and corresponding installation equipment .

From the structures, buildings can be equipped with crane-free and equipped with bridge or suspended cranes, without a lantern and with aeration, light-aeration or anti-aircraft lights, as well as having suspended ceilings, rolling or flat roof.

The columns are connected to the foundation by pinching it in the cup. Foundation top elevation is accepted equal to - 0.00 m.

The rigidity of the coating and the entire framework of the building is provided by the bonds and disk formed by slabs and rafters.

Installation of columns.

Columns are mounted by separate flow after preparation of bottom of foundation cup and their instrumental check in plan and vertical. The columns are delivered to the construction site by road, while light columns (weighing up to 8 tons) are mounted with preliminary laying at the installation sites in the area of ​ ​ the installation crane.

Columns of one-story industrial buildings are mounted entirely. Columns of large length, delivered to the construction site in separate parts, are previously enlarged .

Columns of one-story buildings are installed on glass-type foundations. Casting with concrete or mortar (depending on the thickness of the layer) is carried out in advance or immediately before installation of the columns. The thickness of the layer is determined not only by the deviation from the design elevation of the bottom of the cup, but also taking into account the length of the column intended for installation on this foundation, so that the deviations in the length of the column from the design can be extinguished by the thickness of this layer. The gravy made in advance by the time of installation of the columns shall have a strength of not less than 50% of the design .

In preparation for the installation of columns, the application of axial hairlines on four faces at the top and at the level of the top of the foundations is included.

The columns are laid out as follows: the support end is closer to the foundation, and the tip is directed into the span along the installation, providing that the place of slinging of the column and the center of the column support and the foundation are on the same circle described by a radius equal to the departure of the crane hook from the installation parking.

The crane lowers the column into the foundation sleeve, combining axial hairlines in the lower part of the column with axial hairlines applied on the upper surface of the foundation. Then, with the help of two theodolites installed in the slats of longitudinal and transverse laying axes, vertical installation of the column is checked by aligning the position of the lower and upper hairlines on the column with the vertical sighting axis of the theodolite.

Wedges and inventory wedge inserts are used for temporary fixation of columns in foundation cups until they are frozen with concrete. Wedges can be reinforced concrete, steel and wooden. It is advisable to use reinforced concrete wedges, which after soaking remain in the concrete of the joint.

Column positions relative to laying axes are straightened by means of special jacks resting against walls of foundation shell.

Until the concrete of the column sealing reaches 70% of the design strength, the following structures cannot be installed on the columns, except for design or installation links and spacers that ensure their stable position.

Installation of coating beams.

Coating structures are mounted by complex method, separate flow.

Beams with a span of 12 m are recommended to be mounted from vehicles. When slinging the beams, the crane lifting cable must not go beyond the previously installed trusses.

The coating beams shall be immediately installed in the design position (without release from the crane hook ).

Rafter beams are installed in design position with alignment of axial hairlines on their ends with hairlines on support surfaces of underlying structures, after which they are fixed by welding with embedded elements of these structures. Stability of the first two rafter structures is provided by braces fixed to movable inventory anchors and columns trapped in sleeves of foundations.

Stability of subsequent beams is ensured by means of inventory struts fixed to previously mounted beam.

Temporary spacers and braces are removed as the coating plates are installed and welded.

The beam is attached to the columns with anchor bolts and electric welding.

Installation of reinforced concrete slabs of prefabricated coatings.

The plates are installed immediately after installation and permanent fixation on the supports of the next truss. Installation is started by laying slabs between columns from additional stairs or hinged cradles. Subsequent slabs are laid from previously laid ones. Position of joints between plates is marked on trusses on the ground before their lifting.

Slings of slabs are either with a four-wind sling of the "spider" type, or with a group traverse. During lifting, the plate is held by the brace in position along the span.

Mounting plates are accepted and installed, fixed by carbines as safety rope, or as mounting loops of previously laid plates.

After the reconciliation is completed, the installers move the safety rope to the newly laid plate and begin to attach the plates by electric welding.

Coating plates are laid from one edge of span to another. The installers equip all extreme plates with a fence.

In order for the coating to function as a hard disk, the plate supports are welded to the supporting structures at all places available for welding. Gaps between slabs are made with cement mortar. A bundle of roll material is laid in the joint between the plates. The plates are stored in the area of the installation crane. Number of stacks of plates and their arrangement are determined from condition of cell covering between trusses from one crane parking lot.

Installation of external wall panels.

Foundation beams shall be installed prior to installation of external wall enclosures. Installation of external wall panels can be carried out only after the installation of the framework and coating plates on the grip is completed by independent flow in the cell to the entire height.

During installation of external wall panels in crane-free buildings at the pitch of columns of 6 m, the installed structures are checked and fixed from the inside of buildings with suspended self-lifting cradles with a length of 4.4 m, mobile towers.

Installation of wall fence structures shall be carried out in compliance with the following requirements:

correctness of basement panels installation is controlled by geodetic tool, and above lying panels - by plumbs and flexible level,

to perform welding of embedded parts for attachment of wall panels on the construction site, the part must first be welded to the column before its lifting, and then to the panel;

application of solution and sticker of sealing gaskets (on the upper horizontal face of the panel) is performed immediately before installation of the overlying panel. The label of the sealing gaskets on the vertical face of the installed panel is made by mastic of isoles simultaneously with the label of the horizontal gasket. The mastic is applied to the panel surface by the C562. The device is supplied with air by a compressor. Treatment of seams between panels and glazing of panel bindings is carried out from external spontaneous cradles and mobile towers. In order to comply with safety conditions, work on facade treatment should be at least 12 m behind the installation of wall fences.

Disassembly of the installed panel is performed only after complete fixation of structures. Panels, panel bindings to columns are attached by welding of attachment parts to embedded parts of columns and enclosing structures.