Technology of erection of buildings and structures with explanations

Contents

Objectives and objectives of the course project

2. Space planning solution of the building

3. Selection of installation methods and methods

4. Composition and scope of installation works

5. Selection of main mounting devices and load grippers

6. Selection of installation cranes

7. Job Instruction for Installation of Building Structures

7.1. Scope of application of task list

7.2. Installation Process Technology and Organization

7.3. Technical - economic indicators

7.4. Logistical resources

7.5. Quality control of installation works

8. Summary Installation Schedule

9. Installation under extreme conditions

10. Occupational safety, fire safety and environmental protection

11. List of literature used

1. Objectives and objectives of the course project

Course design objectives:

- Mastering the basis of design of the technology of erection of building structures of full-assembly buildings;

- Familiarization with the procedure for development of the main documents of the work execution project: process charts for installation of building structures, process diagrams for installation of prefabricated elements, schedule of all types of installation works at the construction site.

Course Design Tasks:

- Study of the space-planning solution of the building;

- Study of structural features of prefabricated elements and their butt joints;

- Determination and substantiation of methods of building installation from precast reinforced concrete;

- Purpose of composition and scope of installation works;

- Calculation of standard expenses of machines operation time, labor costs of installers and their cost;

- Selection of main load-gripping devices and load-gripping devices;

- Selection of installation cranes;

- Development of Job Instruction for installation of structures of one of the flows;

- Preparation of the consolidated schedule of installation works.

2. Space planning solution of the building

The designed building is a nine-story rectangular office building, consisting of 2 longitudinal spans 12.0 m wide, 90 m long, with a pitch of external columns - 12.0 m, internal - 12.0 m. Height - 28 m.

Determination of material resources required is made in Table 1. Requirements for materials and semi-finished products for welding and grouting of mounting joints were determined according to ENiR 4-1.

3. Selection of installation methods and methods

The construction of brick buildings is carried out only in-line, since it provides a systematic and rhythmic production of finished products. It is based on the continuous and even operation of permanent brigades. The direction of development of the installation process is vertical, since the building has a length of 90m, then the division by gripping is floor-by-floor.

4. Composition and scope of installation works

Requirements for material, technical and labor resources for erection of the building under construction are given in Table 2. The scope and scope of installation works are determined on the basis of the plan, as well as Table 1.

The costs of machine time, the labor intensity of the installers and the cost of labor are determined for all processes performed during the installation of building structures.

Machine Time Costs (G6) in Machine Workers and Labor Costs

(gr. 11) in man-days are equal to the division of the corresponding costs (gr. 5 and 10) by 16h, since the installation is carried out in 2 shifts.

The cost of labor is determined according to ENIR 4-1.

7.2. Technology and organization of works performed. Work of the preparatory period.

- complete the zero cycle work and draw up an act for hidden work.

- provide a reserve of structures and materials for uninterrupted operation during no more than one shift.

- check the layout of the axes of the building and places of design position of the frame structures

- instruct workers on safety of acceptance of performed works

Installation of the building is conducted by the KB674A4 tower crane (Q=25t; L = 35m) by flow method.

Erection of the building is carried out in tiers.

The work is performed by 1 complex team, which includes:

Crane driver 6r1h; installers 5r1h, 4r-2h, 3r1h, 2r-2h; bricklayer 4r1h, 3p-1h, 2r1h; welder 5r2h, 4r-1h, 3r1h, rigger 2r1h, concrete-4r-1h; insulator 4r1h, 3p-1h.

The installation of the building is carried out in two streams :

The 1st flow includes installation of columns of the first tier in foundation sleeves for the entire length of the building, installation of girders, floor slabs.

2nd flow includes erection of walls, partitions, installation of lintels, staircases and staircases;

Masonry is carried out by the flow-ring method.

Material unloading and layout

Prior to installation of columns and girders, installation crane, stairs, necessary accessories, equipment and materials shall be delivered to the site and prepared for operation.

Delivery of columns and girders to the object is carried out by a unit load of a truck tractor type (MAZ 364229 gr. 20 t).

The columns and girders are unloaded and supplied to the warehouse, to the workplace. Concrete is supplied to the workplace by an inventory dispenser hopper with a volume of 1 m3.

Before the start of brickwork the walls shall be delivered to the site and the MV 1500/150 cargo mast construction lift, scaffolding, necessary accessories, equipment and materials shall be prepared for operation.

Brick delivery to the facility is carried out in packages in specially equipped on-board vehicles. Solution is prepared centrally in solution plants or solution units and transported to the place of use. The solution is delivered to the facility with solution mixers such as SB69, Sb-92, etc., and discharged to a solution mixing and dispensing unit (UB342 or MS353).

Brick is unloaded from cars and supplied to warehouse in packages on pallets, to workplace - in traverse case. The solution is fed to the workplace by an inventory dispenser hopper of 1m3 volume into metal boxes of 0.35m3 volume with filling of 0.25m3 of the solution using special crossarms for group lifting of the boxes.

Scaffolds are delivered to the construction site on special machines. It is mounted by means of mounting cranes .

Material elements delivered to the construction site are stored in acquired warehouses intended for their temporary storage - creation of production stock

The works are performed by riggers 2r1h.

Installation of columns

Columns are installed using wedge inserts and conductors. Installation of structures is started after installation and alignment of the conductor on the foundation. Installation is performed by "on weight" method. We carry out a strapping of columns traversy unified (Q=16t TsNIIOMTP RCh4556) with a remote rasstropovka. The columns raised by the crane are lowered into the foundation sleeve, combining axial hairlines in the lower part of the column with axial hairlines on the foundation. Column verticality is checked using two theodolites (2T30P).

Temporary attachment means are removed after final attachment and concrete reaches 70% of design strength.

Works are performed: installer 5r1h, 4r-1h, 3r1h, 2r-1h.

Installation of girders

Girders rest on reinforced concrete pillows embedded in brick walls or laid on brick pillars in the course of masonry. Support cushions are installed so that the difference in their top elevations within the section of the house is not more than 10 mm. Prior to installation of girders (runs) horizontal of support cushions is adjusted by leveling. Girders are stroked for two loops, fed to the installation site and lowered to the bed from the solution dispersed on the supports. Girders are brought to design position by mounting slices. Work center of installers - on inventory scaffolding. After horizontal alignment (by level and by sighting on previously installed girders) and vertical alignment (by plumb), the girder is attached to previously installed structures (the method of attachment is indicated in the design) and then slings are removed.

Operations are performed by installer 5r1h, 4r-1h, 3r2h, 2r-1h.

Installation of floors

Slabs. In brick and large-block buildings, the installation of floor slabs begins after all elements of the external and internal walls within the floor or grips have been erected to the design elevation. Prior to installation of floors, the position of the upper support parts of the masonry and runs, which should be in the same plane, should be checked, the difference in elevations within the floor should not exceed 15 mm. After laying each plate, the horizontal level of the ceiling is checked by sighting along its plane; and, if necessary, the rule. If it is found that the planes of the plates installed and adjacent to it do not coincide by more than 4 mm, the panel is lifted with a crane, the solution bed is corrected and re-installed. Slabs are fixed after alignment in accordance with instructions in working drawings: mounting loops of slabs are welded to anchors embedded during wall laying, adjacent slabs are fixed to each other by anchors for mounting loops. Longitudinal seams (joints) between the plates are sealed with a solution, tightly cutting the seam to the entire depth. Joints of floor slabs with walls are closed after installation of floor .

Operations are performed by installer 4r1h, 3r-2h, 2r1h.

Erection of brick walls

According to the requirements for the construction of stone structures, masonry of all sections of stone structures located at the same level, including places of mutual intersections and abutments, is carried out simultaneously.

Brickwork:

The main production unit is a link of 2 people, which leads brickwork throughout the thickness of the wall.

In the "deuce" link, the mason of the VI category sets up the berth, places the brick and checks the masonry, and the mason of the III category shovels the mortar in the box, feeds and spreads it, feeds and spreads the brick, helps to conduct masonry clogging. At the end of the working day, masons do not level the masonry, but leave it for shift workers. The next shift immediately "pours" into the normal production rhythm, continuing the temporarily interrupted flow cycle.

When producing brickwork, use hinged-panel scaffolds.

Nail the shields for the transition between the scaffolds and make them in place with a width of at least 0.6 m.

Use individual scaffolds for brickwork walls in staircases (made of softwood material).

In case of forced breaks, masonry of walls is performed in these places in the form of an inclined or vertical stroke. If the masonry is broken with a vertical stroke, then reinforcement (at least 3 rods with a diameter of not more than 8 mm) is laid in the masonry seams in this place in one level and at a distance of about 2 m in masonry height .

Masonry of brick basements of buildings must be made of full ceramic brick. Silicate bricks shall not be used for these purposes. The thickness of horizontal brick masonry seams shall be 12mm, vertical seams - 10mm.

At the end of the working day, the brickwork break along the height of the longitudinal walls and abutments should be made in the form of an inclined or vertical stroke.

Erection of walls along the perimeter of the building should be carried out evenly, preventing breaks in height by more than 1/2 of the floor.

The work is carried out: bricklayer 4r1h, 3p-1h.

Organization of installation processes

Loading and unloading of building elements and structures is performed by means of mounting crane and universal load-gripping devices.

Workers who perform a separate assembly process are reduced to a link. The links during installation of crane beams of the coating plates coincide, since these processes are separated. The composition of the links for each installation process, the number of workers, their rank is assigned according to ENiR sb. 4, ex.1 "Buildings and industrial structures" or according to the process execution technology and is given in Table 2. All links of a particular assembly stream constitute a crew on that stream.

Based on the accepted technology and organization of the installation process, a schedule has been drawn up for the execution of a set of installation works.

Organization of labor and workplace of installers.

During the installation of column links and rafter trusses, mounted mounting platforms with suspended stairs according to the design are used to ensure that the installers are located near the truss support units (see Table 4.1). Installation and rearrangement of them is performed by means of installation crane.

Temporary inventory fences according to the project are used for installation of coating plates.

Organization of work and workplace of masons

The work center consists of three zones - the work center; materials and transport The work area - a strip 0.6-0.7 m wide between the wall and the materials - is diverted for the work of masons. A strip with a width of 1-1.1 m is taken for the material location zone (brick packs, mortar boxes, etc.), and 0.8 m for the transport and worker passage zone. The total width of the masons link workplace is 2.5-2.6 m.

If there are openings in the walls, the brick is placed against the spacers, and the solution against the openings. For masonry of pillars, brick is placed on one side of the pillar, and mortar on the other. When laying walls of lightweight construction, the location of the brick must be alternated with packages of lightweight concrete inserts. Building walls simultaneously with their facing, the width of the material zone is increased to 1.5 m, since the materials should be located in two rows: in the first brick and mortar, in the second - facing material.

Before the start of any kind of masonry, bricks are prepared for 2-4 hours of work, and the solution is supplied just before the start of work. The productivity of masons depends to a large extent on the height of the masonry level. Masons achieve the greatest productivity when laying bricks at a height of 0.5-0.6 m from the level of the workplace. At the beginning of masonry and as its height increases, productivity decreases. Given this, the masonry tier in height is accepted with a wall thickness of up to 2.5 bricks - 1.2 m, and with a thickness of 3 bricks - 0.9 m.