Project of a motor transport enterprise with the development of an electrical section

Contents

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

1 INPUT DATA

2 CALCULATION OF PROCESS INDICATORS

3 CALCULATION OF PARAMETERS FOR DESIGNING PRODUCTION AREAS AND ATP AREAS

3.1 Organization of work of ATP structural subdivisions

3.1.1 Selection of the method of maintenance and maintenance of cars

3.1.2 Operation mode of maintenance and maintenance zones

3.2 Calculation of continuous flow lines

3.2.1 Indicators for EO area design with continuous flow lines with complete mechanization of cleaning and washing operations and car drying

3.3 Calculation of indicators for design of D-1 and D-1 dedicated posts

3.4 Calculation of indicators for design of TO-1 and TO-

with universal posts

3.5 Calculation of indicators for design of TO-1 and TO-2 zones with periodic flow lines

3.5.1 Indicators for the design of a periodic line at TO-

3.5.2 Indicators for the design of a periodic line at TO-

3.6 Calculation of indicators for TR post work area design

3.7 Calculation of production areas

3.8 Calculation of storage areas

3.9 Calculation of areas of domestic premises

3.10 Calculation of car storage area (parking area)

3.11 Calculation of resource requirements

4 Development of general and layout plans of ATP

5.Technological design of electrical section

5.1. Characteristics of the electrical section

5.2 Site Layout Development

5.3 Selection of process equipment and organizational equipment

5.4 Occupational and Safety Protection in the Electrical Section

6. CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LIST OF LITERATURE

APPLICATION

Introduction

The management of the production activities of a motor vehicle enterprise, improvement of working conditions, improvement of labor efficiency and use of fixed assets at rational resource costs is also one of the urgent tasks of technical operation of motor vehicles.

The most important areas of improvement of maintenance and repair of cars are: application of progressive technological processes; improving the organization and management of production activities; Improving the efficiency of fixed assets and reducing the material and labour intensity of the industry; application of new, more advanced technological and construction projects and reconstruction of existing car maintenance enterprises taking into account the actual need for the types of work, as well as the possibility of their further phased development; Improving the quality of services and developing material and moral incentives.

The task of the course project: to design the ATP based on the calculations of the production building, the electrical equipment repair area in accordance with the assignment for the course project.

Source Data

The designed enterprise is a complex ATP. This company carries out freight and passenger transportation, as well as storage, maintenance and repair of its rolling stock.

Rolling stock of road transport enterprise is represented by cars 

UAZ2206 in the amount of 175 units, the average daily mileage of each car is 475 km. Rolling stock is operated in cold climates. And GAZ322132 in the amount of 200 units, the average daily mileage of each car is 500 km. Rolling stock is operated in moderately cold climates. 

UAZ2206 - minibus and all-terrain vehicle (Figure 1). Designed for transporting passengers on all types of roads and off-road. Reliable frame design, all-metal body, easy maintenance, unpretentiousness and stunning performance - all this has been tested by entire generations. Now the car is equipped with a new design engine with a displacement of 2.89 liters and a capacity of 98 hp. (model UAZ22069). [1]

Engine: UMZ4178 76 (hp) 2.4 liters, gearbox: 4-speed.

The body is all-metal, open door rear safety.

Bridges: standard, suspension: front - spring. Spring suspension or on small leaf springs.

GAZ322132 - this minibus has become popular due to its use as a minibus. This quality best characterizes this model as the most resilient and spacious machine. 

The Gazelle 322132 model differs favorably from previous models in some innovations:

increased number of passenger seats (up to 12 seats);

improved heating system;

sliding windows appearing;

the presence of a hatch in the roof, which significantly improves the ventilation of the cabin;

the presence of an anti-lock brake system, which increases the safety of the car;

appearing open rear baggage doors. [2]

Calculation of parameters for manufacturing design

ATP zones and sections

Technological design of maintenance areas and repair areas is carried out on the basis of calculation of the annual production program and scope of work. The design tasks are to determine the number of posts and service lines, distribute workers by posts, calculate and select technological equipment, determine the areas of zones, sections and warehouses, develop planning solutions for maintenance and repair zones, and layout the production building.

Organization of work of ATP structural subdivisions

3.1.1 Selection of the method of maintenance and maintenance of cars

Maintenance of rolling stock is organized on separate posts or flow lines. The criterion for selecting the maintenance method is the daily program for each service type (RO, T1, TO-2).

The use of in-line service organization becomes advisable with minimum daily programs of the same type of car: EO with 100 cars served; TO-1 - 1214 cars; TO-2 - 5-6 or more cars.

Maintenance work stations by technological purpose can be divided into universal and specialized ones. At a universal post, all or most operations of this type of service are performed, and at a specialized one or more special operations. The usefulness of universal or specialized posts depends on the production program and production mode. According to the method of installation of rolling stock, the posts can be dead ends or travel.

Diagnostics of rolling stock on ATP can be carried out separately or combined with maintenance and maintenance. The forms of organization of diagnostics depend on the capacity of the enterprise, the type and variability of cars, the availability of diagnostic tools and the corresponding production space.

On small ATPs (up to 150 technologically compatible cars) and with a mixed fleet, all types of diagnostics are recommended to be carried out at a separate diagnostic site equipped with a combined diagnostic bench. Combination of diagnostics with TO and TP and use of figurative diagnostic units is possible.

For medium ATP, with a number of cars of 150200 or more, it is advisable to have D-1 and D-2 posts separate. At the same time, for large-sized rolling stock, during the reconstruction of ATP and limited production areas, as well as during the organization of TO-1 on flow lines, it is recommended to carry out D-1 diagnostics together with TO-1.

For large ATPs, with more than 400 cars, D-1 and D-2 work is carried out in separate specialized areas.

Car harvesting can be carried out both at individual posts and on flow lines. In small enterprises, these works are carried out at dead ends or travel posts.

If the number of cars on ATP is more than 50, it is advisable to carry out washing work in a mechanized way. Flow lines are usually used on medium and large ATPs, while using mechanized installations for washing and drying rolling stock.

TP post work can be performed at universal and specialized posts. Specialization of TR posts is carried out on the basis of the principle of technological homogeneity of operations with a sufficient number of posts (more than 5-6) and when loading the post for at least 80% of shift time.

3.1.2 Operation mode of maintenance and maintenance zones

This mode is characterized by the number of working days per year, the duration of work (the number of working shifts, the duration and time of the start and end of the shift), the distribution of the production program according to the time of its execution

Development of ATP master and layout plans

ATP layout refers to the layout and mutual location of production, storage and administrative-household premises on the plan of the building or separate buildings (structures) intended for TO, TR and storage of rolling stock.

The technological basis of the planning solution of the enterprise is the functional diagram and schedule of the production process of maintenance and maintenance of cars (Fig. 2).

The structural layout of the building, fire and sanitary requirements, environmental protection requirements and a number of others related to heating, lighting, ventilation, etc. have a significant impact on the planning of the enterprise.

Planning (layout) of production and storage facilities of the enterprise is carried out taking into account: requirements that condition rational arrangement of production zones, sections and warehouses; fire and sanitary requirements related to the location of explosions and fire hazardous industries; basic provisions for unification of space-planning solutions of buildings (configuration of the building in plan, grid of columns, direction of spans, etc.).

The development of the general and layout plan of ATP is carried out simultaneously.

The layout of the production building is carried out in a certain sequence.

In accordance with the general plan of the enterprise and the accepted scheme of organization of the technological process, the composition of production areas, workshops, sections and premises planned for placement in this building is determined.

The total area of the building is defined as the sum of the areas of all production areas, workshops, parcels and spaces planned for placement in the building.

Taking into account the peculiarities of the organization of production in the building, the grid of columns and the overall dimensions of the building are determined.

In accordance with the requirements of the organization of the technological process, as well as fire and sanitary requirements, the rational arrangement of workshops, areas, zones, etc. is determined.

For the selected column grid, the areas of production areas, workshops, zones, etc. are adjusted to take into account the possibility and expediency of arrangement of walls and partitions. It is worth noting that a slight increase in the total area of ​ ​ the building is possible due to the accepted grid of columns and the correction of the areas of the rooms located in the building.

Building layout plan variants are being developed.

The option that best corresponds to the accepted scheme of the technological process organization, fire and sanitary standards, as well as the requirements of ONTP and SNiP is selected.

The layout is executed on the A1 layout sheet. The layout of the production building is usually on a scale of 1:100 or 1:200.

When drawing up the plan, the main construction dimensions (spacing and spans of columns, overall dimensions of the building), marking of building axes, normalized technological distances at maintenance and maintenance posts between cars, as well as between cars and building elements, the angle of placement of posts, width of driveways, etc. Plan dimensions are in millimeters.

The numbering of spaces on the layout is through, from left to right clockwise in ascending order.

In the plan, the arrows indicate the paths of cars in accordance with the sequence of the process.

On the layout, a cross section of the building is schematically made. Elevations of height levels of structural elements are indicated in meters.

On the general layout of the production building there is an explication of the premises.

The enterprise master plan is one of the main parts of the project and represents the integrated technological and architectural solutions of the project. The master plan defines the procedure for using the land plot of the enterprise, rational placement of buildings and structures, effective organization of work and interaction of the main, auxiliary and maintenance production, placement of the storage area of ​ ​ cars, routes for laying engineering networks, etc.

When developing the master plan, it is necessary to take into account the accepted production process diagram and work execution technology; peculiarities of natural and climatic conditions of the enterprise location area; prevailing wind direction; the side of the world; terrain; area of production areas, workshops, areas of maintenance, repair and storage of cars in accordance with technological and optimization calculations.

Design areas of production and storage facilities shall be adjusted in accordance with construction codes and rules and requirements of unification of building structures. Engineering networks shall be provided in accordance with the conditions defined by the relevant municipal services when approving the project, production technology and economic feasibility.

The design of master plans is carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP II-89-80 "Master Plans of Industrial Enterprises."

Before the development of the general plan, the list of main buildings and structures on the territory of enterprises, the areas of their development and the overall dimensions in the plan are specified. Building areas of single-storey buildings are set according to their calculated values. Final values of building areas based on developed space-planning solutions of buildings, sites for storage of rolling stock and other structures.

When developing the general plan, it is necessary to provide for the improvement of the territory, the construction of sports grounds, landscaping. The area of landscaping should be at least 15% of the area of ​ ​ the enterprise with a density of more than 50%. The territory of the enterprise along the perimeter should be fenced. It is recommended to place the entrance and entrance, as well as exit and exit in one place, and the reserve exit on the other side (the width of the gate is at least 4.5 m).

The area of ​ ​ the administrative building is taken approximately equal to 20% of the area of ​ ​ the production building.

The master plan is executed on the A1 layout sheet.

In the plan, the arrows indicate the paths of cars in accordance with the sequence of the process. In the upper left corner there is a rose of winds indicating the predominant direction of the wind, an explication of buildings and structures and accepted conventions are given.

Electrical Section Process Design

5.1. Characteristics of the electrical area.

In the electrical section, generators, starters, ignition devices, control and measurement devices and other equipment are repaired and monitored. Disassembly-assembly of electrical equipment units is performed mainly on verses using universal tools and special devices. Repair of motors and units includes replacement of windings and insulation, soldering of wires, locksmithing.

Reliability of electric equipment operation is ensured by performance of certain works at specified intervals. For electrical equipment there is a certain list of works performed at the corresponding maintenance.

During the OU, the operation of lighting devices, wipers, ventilation and heating systems, and instrumentation is monitored. In addition, all lighting and light signalling devices are cleaned of dirt and dust.

At TO-1, first of all, EO operations are performed. Then the battery surface is cleaned of contaminants and its condition is checked. Electrolyte level in banks of accumulator battery is controlled and distilled water is added if necessary.

At TO-2 surely carry out all operations TO-1. Then electrolyte density is checked and adjusted in accumulator battery, if necessary, the battery is charged. Check the condition and attachment of electrical equipment and electrical wires. Tension of drive belts of generator and operation of relay-regulator are checked and adjusted. After turning out spark plugs, their condition is monitored, clearance between electrodes is cleaned and adjusted. Inner surface of interrupter distributor cover is cleaned, clearance between contacts is checked and adjusted (if necessary). Correct installation of headlamps is checked and adjustment is performed if necessary.

During CO, all TO-2 operations are performed. Control relay is adjusted for voltage, electrolyte density in accumulator battery is checked and corrected in accordance with year time.

Located in the eastern part of the production building;

The area of ​ ​ the plot is - 186 m2

The site works 305 days a year. A 8 hour work shift is provided.

The site employs 20 people.

Production process of the electrical section.

Reliability of electric equipment operation is ensured by performance of certain works at specified intervals. For electrical equipment there is a certain list of works performed at the corresponding maintenance.

During the OU, the operation of lighting devices, wipers, ventilation and heating systems, and instrumentation is monitored. In addition, all lighting and light signalling devices are cleaned of dirt and dust.

At TO-1, first of all, EO operations are performed. Then the battery surface is cleaned of contaminants and its condition is checked. Electrolyte level in banks of accumulator battery is controlled and distilled water is distilled if necessary.

At TO-2 surely carry out all operations TO-1. Then electrolyte density is checked and adjusted in accumulator battery, if necessary, the battery is charged. Check the condition and attachment of electrical equipment and electrical wires. Tension of drive belts of generator and operation of relay-regulator are checked and adjusted. After turning out spark plugs, their condition is monitored, clearance between electrodes is cleaned and adjusted. Inner surface of interrupter distributor cover is cleaned, clearance between contacts is checked and adjusted (if necessary). Correct installation of headlamps is checked and adjustment is performed if necessary.

During CO, all TO-2 operations are performed. Control relay is adjusted for voltage, electrolyte density in accumulator battery is checked and corrected in accordance with year time.

After running 25... 30 thousand km in preparation for winter operation, the following are performed:

- remove the generator, check the condition of the manifold (contact rings), brushes, bearings; checking generator operation at the stand; eliminate the detected faults and install the generator in place;

- remove the starter from the engine; check the condition of its manifold, brushes, contacts of traction relay, bearings and other parts; check the starter operation on the bench; eliminate the detected faults; adjust the drive gear travel (if necessary) and install the starter in place;

- remove the interrupter-distributor from the engine; checking the condition of the movable disk bearing, the breaker lever, the roller and the cam; check on the bench the angle of closed state of contacts of the interrupter, angle of alternating sparking, uninterrupted sparking, operation of vacuum and centrifugal ignition advance regulators; removal of detected malfunctions; interrupter-distributor is installed in place. 

Conclusion

During the course project, the following calculations were made:

1. The program of maintenance and repair of UAZ2206 and GAZ322132 buses is defined.

2. Technical impact volumes are calculated;

3. The number of production workers has been calculated

4. Selection of process equipment for the electrical section was made, the graphic part is represented by A1planing formats of the main housing, as well as A2 format of the electrical section zone.