Potato seeding machine

Introduction

In modern production of crop production, machine technologies are widely used. Technology in agricultural production means the system of production, storage, processing and sale of products with specific quantitative and qualitative indicators at the lowest cost of labor, funds and energy. All technology is the result of many years of scientific research and field experiments. New technologies can be recommended for introduction into production after comprehensive verification under economic conditions and obtaining a positive economic effect.

High-intensity technologies provide not only the optimal level of mineral nutrition of plants and their protection from weeds, pests, diseases, but also qualitatively excellent methods of pre-treatment of soil with the help of combined machines, sowing seeds to the same depth by seeders of accurate sowing, an adequate system of crop care using precision sprayers, harvesting by high-tech means with minimal losses and non-waste harvesting.

For the implementation of technologies make up a complex of machines. includes power, process, transport, loading, control and information machines. Any machine is a mechanical device that performs work for converting energy, materials and information.

1. substantiation of parameters and development of potato etcher design.

1.1 Justification of course design relevance.

In the course project, additional equipment is being developed for a potato seeding machine with an etcher for tubers of planted potatoes. This development will reduce the energy consumption for pre-treatment of potato tubers. This is achieved by combining two operations: planting potatoes with a potato seeding machine and simultaneously treating potato tubers with chemical preparations .

The equipment is fully mounted on the basis of a potato seeding machine. The etcher is based on the units and the principle of operation of sprayers with recalculation of the operating parameters of the pump, valves, distributor and sprayers .

1.2 Device and characteristic of etching device.

Etching device is intended for treatment of potato tubers during planting with working solutions of preparations and surface application of liquid mineral fertilizers. The etcher can work with all types of chemicals allowed in agriculture in the form of solutions and emulsions. Aggregated with tractors of traction class 1.4.

Etching device consists of tank; pump; suction, delivery and filling filters; hydraulic stirrer; distributor with valves; manifold with sprayers; connecting pipeline.

Workflow. Filling of the tank is carried out by supply filling means through a neck with a filter. The working fluid solution poured into the tank is sucked by the pump through the suction communication, including the suction filter. Then the solution is supplied by the pump via the delivery communication with the pressure filter to the regulator-distributor and the flow control valve is directed to the working header and the hydraulic mixer or to the overflow into the solution preparation tank, as well as its intensive mixing. During etching, the main volume of the solution is supplied to the manifold sections through separate hoses through the manifold sections and through the sprayers to the objects to be treated. Part of the solution is directed through one of the valve switches of the regulator-distributor to the stirrer. Excess liquid from the regulator-distributor through the hose is merged into the tank, which contributes to additional mixing of the solution.

Before preparing the sprayer for operation, the completeness of its units and assemblies is checked. Working manifold is assembled and installed in brackets by means of spring retainers. Connectors of hoses of valve switches of regulator-distributor are connected to tees of corresponding sections of working manifold and fixed with clamps. Correctness of assembly of suction and delivery pipes of sprayer is checked.

Handle of flow regulator is set to position of full drain, and handle of pressure control flywheel is set to position of minimum pressure. In this position, the solution supply to the sucker rod pressure communication is switched off, the liquid is completely drained to the tank. The pump is smoothly turned on. Machine operation is checked without liquid supply through sprayers.

Flow control handle is switched to supply solution to delivery communication. The valve levers open the liquid supply to the bar manifold. The pump is smoothly turned on. Pressure in the delivery line equal to 0.4 MPa is set and sprayer systems are rolled up during 2... 3 min. After making sure that there are no leaks of liquid in the connections, the pump is turned off.

1.3.3 Selection of pump and sprayers.

One ploughshare has two slot-type sprayers located opposite each other with a slight displacement in the vertical plane. The sprayer has a liquid flow rate of 0.9l/min at an operating pressure of 0.3MPa.

It is advisable to use a small pump. For considerable simplification of design, a membrane piston pump with electric drive from the on-board electric system of a tractor 12B or 24B can be used. Pump operating pressure - 0.4MPa, pump capacity - 11.7l/min.

Conclusions

During the course project, work was carried out to combine two agricultural operations into one: planting potatoes with a potato seeding machine and simultaneously etching tubers during planting. This will reduce the processing time of seed potato tubers, as well as labor and cash costs.

In this design, the hydraulic part of the unit was calculated, the tank, pump, distributor and sprayers were selected. Verification calculations of the traction and power balance of the machine-tractor unit were also carried out.

Conversion of the potato seeding machine does not require expensive equipment and can be carried out on the basis of the material and technical base of the farm.