Plant for production of gas-concrete blocks

Introduction

Construction is one of the most important branches of material production, ensuring the creation and continuous improvement of fixed assets of enterprises and the state. Construction is characterized by the relative length of production of the cycle, as well as the fact that production is carried out, as a rule, in the open air and in various climatic conditions. A feature of construction production is the territorial fixation of products and the mobility of the active part of the production funds of construction and installation organizations .

Construction production - a set of production processes carried out directly on the construction site, including construction and installation and special processes during the preparatory and main construction periods. The end result of a combination of construction processes is construction products, which should mean individual parts of the objects under construction and beyond buildings and structures. Construction production, in turn, combines two subsystems - the technology of construction production and the organization of construction production.

The technology of construction production is the science of methods of performing construction processes that ensure the treatment of building materials, semi-finished products and structures with a qualitative change in their condition, physicochemical properties, geometric dimensions in order to obtain products of a given quality. I.e. construction production technology is a material and technical component of construction production and solves questions: how, and how to perform construction processes.

The purpose of technological design is to develop optimal technological and organizational conditions for the implementation of construction processes that ensure the production of construction products in the scheduled time frame with minimum use of all types of resources.

The optimal solution of the construction process is finding the best of all possible combinations of parameters and process options. To do this, make the necessary calculations, make specifications and calculations, perform drawings, diagrams, graphs, and make descriptions. The development of construction processes is executed in the form of process normals, process charts, maps of labor processes of construction production, which are an integral part of the work execution project (PDP). The PDP is developed by a contracting organization specialized in process design.

3. Characteristics of the main materials and structures used

The following materials and articles are used in the routing:

1) Concrete and reinforced concrete foundation blocks - STB 1076 - 97.

2) Construction concrete - STB 1544-2005, SNB 5.03.01, STB 103596.

3) Construction solutions - STB 1307 - 2002.

4) Formwork - STB 111098.

Materials and products subject to mandatory certification must have a certificate of conformity, and imported construction materials and products for which there is no experience in use and regulatory and technical documents in force in the territory of the Republic of Belarus must have a Technical Certificate of the Ministry of Construction and Architecture.

Storage of structure and materials is shown in the graphic part.

3.2 Job Instruction for Operation Columns Installation

Scope of Application

The process sheet was developed for the production of installation of frame columns at the plant for the production of aerated concrete blocks with a capacity of 550 m3 in Brest.

Dimensions in axes - 132.0x72.0m.

Span height - 9.6 m

Building height from ground level - 13.9 m

Structure Description:

Foundation - columnar, glass type.

External fence - panel sandwich.

Vertical bearing elements - columns 9.6 m high.

Coatings - by metal runs.

The roof is flat without an attic.

The total area of the building is 1863.75m2

Working area - 1797.63m2

Construction volume - 24302 m3

Perform works with a team of installers. Supply and unloading of material, perform installation operations with self-propelled crane MKG25. Perform work in one shift in the summer period with a working shift duration of 8 hours.

Regulatory References

TKP 451.01-159-2009 (02250) Technical documentation during construction and installation works. Composition, procedure of development, approval and approval of Job Instructions.

STB 4.25094 Construction; concrete and reinforced concrete structures and articles.

TKP 451.03-40-2006. (02250) Occupational safety in construction. General requirements.

STB 13192002 Reinforced concrete lintels for buildings and structures with brick walls

STB 15442005 Structural heavy concretes. Specification

SNB 5.03.01 Concrete and reinforced concrete building structures

STB1307-2002 Construction solutions

STB 103596 Concrete mixtures. Specifications.

TKP 455.03-130-2009 (02250) Prefabricated concrete and reinforced concrete structures. Installation Rules

STB 117899 reinforced concrete columns

STB 13832003 ribbed reinforced concrete covering slabs

STB 13182002 reinforced concrete crane beams

Characteristics of main building materials

Rectangular columns for a building with bridge cranes.

Scope. The columns are designed for single-story single-span and multi-span buildings with spans of 16 and 24 m. The height is from 8.4 to 10.8 m with lanterns and without lights, equipped with general purpose bridge cranes with a lifting capacity of 10-20 tons of medium and heavy operating modes.

Column spacing 6 and 12 m. Columns are designed for load from coating up to 700 daN/m2 (kgf/m2) from bridge cranes and wind.

For columns of outer rows with a pitch of 6 m, a zero reference is adopted, at a pitch of 12 m, the reference is 250 mm.

All columns are designed for use in conditions where the top of the foundations has an elevation of 0.150. Elevation of crane rail head is obtained based on height of crane rail (with gasket) 150 mm and height of reinforced concrete crane beams.

Column markings. The designation of the column brand consists of CP letters (straight-coal column), Roman numeral - issue number of a series of working drawings and Arabic numeral - column number by bearing capacity.

Description of the design. The columns have a rectangular cross section in both the upper (above-crane) and lower (below-crane) parts.

The columns have embedded parts of the following purpose:

sheet M-1 with anchor bolts for support and attachment of reinforced concrete coating structures; in the middle columns designed to support the substructures, sheet M1a does not have the same purpose of anchor bolts;

parts M-2 in the form of paired shorts of rolling angle for attachment of longitudinal walls; M3 sheets, to which tables are welded, which serve to support non-bearing walls. The number of M-2 and M-3 parts and their location by column height are determined depending on the wall design;

M-4 through tubes for separating the columns from the tray during their manufacture, for loading and unloading the columns and M-5 for lifting the columns during installation;

sheets M-6 with anchor bolts for installation and fastening of subcrane beams low;

sheet M-7 for fastening of subcrane beams to columns on top.

Support embedded parts M1, M-6 are designed for the use of reinforced concrete rafter structures and crane beams.

When resting on the columns of steel crane beams or rafter trusses, reinforced embedded support parts are changed to ensure a better distribution of concentrated loads from steel structures.

Columns of internal and external rows, installed in places of vertical connections location, shall have embedded flyovers for attachment of connections, and located at end walls shall have additional embedded parts for attachment of fore-column poles.

Columns are reinforced with knitted frames.

Materials. Columns are made of concrete of grades M 200, M 300. Main working reinforcement rod made of hot-rolled steel of periodic profile class AIII.

Composition, purpose, design of PPM

The main purpose of the development of the PPR is to detail and refine the decisions made in the PIC to ensure the entire range of works with high technical and economic indicators.

The following shall be specified and detailed in the PPM:

- duration, order and terms of construction of each individual building and execution of each individual type of work;

- structure of specialized, object and complex flows;

- methods of basic construction and installation works;

- construction or reconstruction of facilities in material and technical labor resources;

- construction master plans of individual buildings and structures in relation to the main stages of their construction.

The starting materials for the work execution design are:

- Development task issued by the construction organization as the client of the PPR;

- construction organization project;

- working documentation necessary for the development of the PWP;

- conditions of supply of material and technical resources, provision of working personnel for the main professions;

-the results of the material and technical survey of existing enterprises, buildings and structures during their reconstruction, as well as enterprises, buildings and structures during their reconstruction, as well as the requirements for the performance of construction, installation and special construction works in the conditions of the current production.

The procedure for the development of PIC is close to the procedure inherent in the development of PIC, with the difference that the development of PIC is carried out from general to private, and the development of PIC from private to general.

The following procedure for the development of a work design may be recommended.

1. On the basis of working drawings, information on specific conditions of construction or reconstruction of the facility, the scope and methods of work are determined or specified.

2. Based on working drawings and information on the capacity and mechanical armament of brigades, the general front of work is divided into private ones.

3. On the basis of production standards, information on the volume of work, the sequence, labor intensity and duration of work on each private front are established.

Process charts and maps of labor processes are developed for complex works and works performed in new ways, and for other works - work organization diagrams with a description of the sequence and methods of their production with a list of the needs of labor costs, machines and mechanisms.

4. In accordance with the flow structure adopted in the PIC, the conditions of the work organization variant.

At the same time, the development of the organization of work is carried out in relation to the flow method: with the continuous use of resources, with the continuous development of the fronts of work.

5. Scheduling plans for the performance of work on the object or network schedules for the construction or reconstruction of objects are drawn up.

6. It clarifies the need for construction in temporary structures and engineering networks and develops a construction master plan of the facility for various stages of its construction.

7. Requirements are specified, deadlines are determined and planning schedules are drawn up to provide construction with the necessary material and technical resources.

During installation with transport equipment, hourly schedules are drawn up for delivery of the necessary building structures, parts, products and materials to the places of work.

8. An explanatory note containing the necessary justifications for the decisions taken is being prepared.

1Processing Instruction Application Area

The design object is the underground part of the industrial building, a span 30 m wide in the amount of 2 pcs. And 84 m long. The foundation is prefabricated for a brick wall 2.4 m high, monolithic for columns - 2.1 m.

The work sequence is as follows.

Development of soil in transport is conducted by the excavator with the replaceable equipment the return shovel of the E04121A brand. The soil is refined, the bottom of the pit is cleaned by excavators manually. Monolithic foundations are performed by MKG25, installation of tape foundations is performed by KS3574 crane. Backfilling of pit sinuses is performed by excavator E10011D with bucket. Sinus backfilling is leveled and compacted by IE-4502 electric rammers and PVT3 suspended vibration ramming.