Multi-apartment residential building in the city of Lipetsk

Contents

Introduction

Design Input

Architectural and planning solution

Constructive solution

Exterior and interior decoration of the building

About Engineering Equipment

List of literature

Appendix A Thermal engineering calculation of the external wall of the building

Appendix B Calculation of technical and economic indicators

Introduction

The development of apartment buildings using panel technology dates back to the time of the Soviet Union. In the late 50s of the 20th century, large-scale construction of panel plants began to provide housing for Soviet citizens. Such buildings "survived" to our years. The type of house is one of the main characteristics affecting the cost of apartments. The simplest and cheapest. However, panel house building, convenient for developers, is not so convenient for the consumer. In panel houses, the most important shortcomings are the impossibility of redevelopment, poor sound insulation and thermal insulation, as well as inter-panel seams. Thus, in the case of panel building, innovative technologies should be introduced in such areas as the treatment of seams, as well as in improving heat and sound insulation. According to experts, in the new series of panel apartment buildings that appear on the real estate market, these problems have already been partially solved. However, projects in which the seams and panels are non-standard are single. Thanks to the use of new technologies and modern materials in the construction of houses, it allows investors to increase the efficiency of the project, reduce its cost, accelerate the construction of buildings, significantly reduce costs for the operating company, as well as increase the profitability of the company that manages real estate. You can also create unique objects that will have a complex architecture. However, when constructing such high-class facilities, the use of their advantages will depend on how high-quality and fully designed design solutions have been developed. For example, the possible benefit of using construction innovations will be significantly reduced in the case of material overruns or delays, since the working documentation during construction will have to be amended accordingly.

Design Input

The course work "Multi-apartment residential building" was developed on the basis of a task issued by the department of TIarh.

The project is executed in accordance with the current norms and rules and ensures safe operation, when performing the measures provided by the project.

Characteristics of the natural and climatic conditions of the construction site:

The construction site is the city of Lipetsk.

Construction climatic area IIB [20, Appendix A, Figure A1Chematic map of climatic zoning].

The temperature of the coldest days with a security of 0.92 31 ° C [20, Table 3.1].

The temperature of the coldest five-day period with a security of 0.92 27 ° C [20, Table 3.1].

Period with average daily temperature not more than 8 ° C :

duration of period 190 days,

the average temperature of this period is -2.5 ° C [20, Table 3.1].

Snow district III,

the weight of the snow cover on 1m2 of the horizontal surface of the earth 1 kPa [14, chapter 10, table 1].

Wind district II,

standard wind pressure 0.38 [14, chapter 11.1, cart3].

Dominant direction of winds during the winter season of the NW [20, Table 3.1]

in the summer period PD [20, Table 4.1].

The normative depth of freezing of soils is 1.2 meters.

Seismicity of the construction area - 6 points [12, item 4 (maps) and Appendix B].

Brief description of the building:

The level of responsibility of the building is normal [6, Article 4; 4, section 9].

The approximate service life of the building is not less than 50 years [7, Table 1].

Degree of fire resistance - I [5, articles 2932].

Functional fire hazard class - F1.3 and F4.3 [5, articles 2932].

The structural hazard class of the building is C1 [5, articles 2932].

Design air temperature in residential premises:

living rooms - 2024 0С, kitchens - 1826 0С, bathrooms - 1826 0С,

Air temperature in public premises 22 ° С,

Air humidity in residential premises in the cold period of the year is not more than 60% (optimal 4530), in the warm period not more than 65% (optimal 6030).

Plot Planning Scheme

The site for the construction of an apartment building is located in Lipetsk. Location on the site is carried out in compliance with regulatory gaps from existing buildings and structures.

Taking into account the requirements of SP 59.13330.2010 "Accessibility of buildings and structures for people with limited mobility" in the territory of the site, the unhindered movement of disabled people of all categories is ensured both on foot and by means of vehicles.

On the courtyard of the site there are playgrounds for children of pre-school and primary school age, adult recreation, sports and economic playgrounds. Installation of appropriate equipment is planned at the sites. The installation of equipment on the playground is carried out in zones corresponding to the age of children.

The designed house is designed for 90 people. (60 adults and 30 children).

Site for economic purposes: 0.3 m ² * colv chel.50% = 13.5 m ²

Dog walking area: 0.3 m ² * colvo people = 27 m ²

Adult recreation area: 0.1 m ² * adult beds = 6 m ²

Playground for children: 0.7 m ² * colv of children = 21 m ²

Physical education area: 2 m ² * colvo people = 180 m ²

Calculation of cars for permanent and temporary storage of cars.

For 1000 people, 300 individual cars. (0,16)

38 * 0.16 = 4.8 (accept 5 parking spaces).

On the territory free from development and covering, lawns with planting of trees and shrubs are provided

Architectural and planning solution

Seven-story 1-section panel residential building for 30 apartments. The building is designed for permanent residence of people. In plan, it has a shape close to rectangular. Distances in axes 1-9 24 m, in axes A-G 12.6 m. The height of the building from the level of the ground planning elevation to the top of the parapet is -23.685 m. The height of residential floors is 2.8 m.

The elevation of the planning surface of the earth is minus one whole seven hundredths.

The building has 3 entrances, each of them is equipped with a double insulated tambour. A porch and a ramp with a slope of i = 10% are arranged in front of the entrance. The building provides for centralized garbage removal. The trash pipe passes behind the elevator shaft.

Communication between floors is carried out by means of one passenger elevator with a carrying capacity of 1000 kg, as well as a two-march staircase of type L1. The width of the march is 1.05 m, the distance between the marches is 120 mm. The stairwell has natural lighting and descending it clockwise. The second way to evacuate people in emergency cases is the hatches 0.8 * 0, 8m, starting from the 6th floor.

On each residential floor of the section there are 5 apartments (three one-room, two two-room), the entrance to which is carried out from the distribution platform of the stairwell. Each apartment is divided into two zones: common and individual. The common area includes an in-apartment corridor, a common room, a kitchen and a bathroom. Separate sanitary units are designed in all apartments. The individual area is represented by bedrooms. Each apartment has summer rooms in the form of loggia.

All living rooms and kitchen have natural lighting. The ratio of the area of ​ ​ light openings to the floor area of ​ ​ residential rooms and kitchens does not go beyond the norm .

The necessary level of insolation is provided in the premises. The kitchen and bathroom are equipped with ventilation through ventilation shafts. Natural ventilation is carried out due to the influx of air through the windows.

Constructive solution

Structural diagram with transverse and longitudinal walls with mixed pitch of transverse walls .

The stability of the building is ensured by the interaction of external and internal structures and floors.

Bases

The foundation is used as a pile. 3 layer waterproofing from ruberoid is laid between walls and foundation to prevent moisture penetration.

To protect the foundation from the penetration of meltwater and rainwater along the perimeter of the building, a pavement with a width of 1 meter is made.

Exterior walls

Walls are made of concrete slabs. The structural thickness of the wall is 300 mm and has a three-layer structure:

1 layer - 120 mm thick reinforced concrete;

2 layer - insulation 70 mm thick. To provide thermal protection, polystyrene foam is used;

3 layer - reinforced concrete 80 mm thick;

To protect the wall from external impact, cement sand mortar is used. [Annex A]

Selection of joints is performed from the basis of the construction area by humidity and external wall structure. Since in my project the construction zone is normal and the wall structure is three-layer, a drained joint is selected.

Drained joint allows for floor-by-floor removal of water penetrated into joint through external seal. This drainage device includes a decompression cavity in the vertical joint, drainage aprons and small openings in the sealing sealants at the intersection of the vertical and horizontal joints. The decompression cavity is a local widening of the joint gap behind the gap compensators in the form of a vertical cylindrical channel, and the drainage apron is laid in a horizontal joint under the decompression cavity and brought outside the joint seal. Water discharge aprons are made of aluminium alloys, foil isol or from acid and frost-resistant rubber. In the horizontal joint, its profile with a back-to-back ridge serves as an additional water protection device.

Internal walls

Internal walls are 160 mm thick with door premise.

Horizontal joints are the main structural units that ensure the strength of the building under power loads. The transmission of compression forces in the joints of the bearing internal walls is carried out using platform joints. In platform joints, load transfer from panel to panel occurs through support ends of floor elements. The thickness of the joints in the joints is 20 mm.

Vertical joints of inner bearing wall panels between each other and with outer walls perceive shear, tension and compression forces.

Overlappings

Intermediate slabs of slab type with thickness of 160 mm. This type of overlap serves as reliable horizontal stiffening diaphragms.

Attic floors separate the residential floor from the attic. The thickness of the reinforced concrete slab is 160 mm.

Roof

In the residential building, a roof with a cold attic and a roll roof is designed. Slope of roof and tray panels is 5%. The drainage of rain and meltwater is carried out using an internal drain.

Roofs with a cold attic contain insulated attic cover, insulated thin-walled ribbed reinforced concrete roofing, tray and frieze panels, in which there are holes for ventilation of the attic space.

Roof

For roofs made of rolled materials, roof panels with a smooth upper surface and tray panels with longitudinal support ribs are used as bearing elements of the coating. Ribbed roof panels have bearing longitudinal and auxiliary transverse ribs; holes for passage of ventilation units are located outside bearing ribs. Holes for installation of water intake funnels are provided in the center of tray panels.

For the organization of the internal drainage in the center of the tray panels, holes are provided for the installation of water intake funnels with a diameter of 100 mm, which are connected to risers passing inside the building (as a rule, near one of the walls of the staircase); From the risers, water enters the storm or general sewer network .

Along the panels, the coatings are laid sequentially: cement sand brace, 3 layers of ruberoid, protective layer - gravy crumb.

Stairs

In the building there is a staircase L1. The number of steps is 8. On the stairwell there are window openings for natural lighting. For traffic safety, the staircase is equipped with vertical fences with a height of 900mm.

Dimensions:

Tread - 300 mm;

Riser - 150 mm;

The width of the march is 1200 mm;

Floor area - 1900 * 2200 mm;

The intermediate site is 1900 * 2200 mm.

Elevator

Periodic elevators used in residential buildings consist of a cab,

suspended on several steel ropes and connected with counterweight. Elevator

driven by a winch located in the engine room. Cabin and

counterweight slides along guides. In the lower part of the shaft there is a pit with

damping device. The machine room is placed above the

mine. Counterweight in the shaft is located at the rear of the cabin.

The house has a passenger elevator with a carrying capacity of 1000 kg. The width of the doorway is 1200 mm, the height of the cabin is 2100 mm, the height of the doorway is 2000 mm. The platform in front of the elevator is 1600 mm.

Partitions

Partitions are made of 120 mm thick gypsum concrete panels.

Partitions are subjected to power effects from their own mass within one floor, as well as accidental loads during the operation of rooms. To

partitions do not have high requirements for strength, fire resistance, since

their damage will not affect the load-bearing capacity of the building.

Soundproofing capacity of partitions is provided according to the principle

acoustically uniform enclosing structure.

Exterior and interior decoration of the building

Paint the external walls of the building and the fences of the balconies with facade colors. External tambour is made of face silicate brick with roof made of profoil with polymer coating. White PVC windows. Paint metal fences with enamel for external works in two times.

Internal decoration is performed in compliance with sanitary and fire standards.

In apartments, in public rooms (entrance halls, elevator halls, stairs), improved decoration is provided, in technical rooms - simple. Modern building materials are used in the decoration.

Wall - mashing, plaster, wallpaper, water emulsion painting, facing with ceramic tiles.

Ceilings - mashing, water emulsion painting.

Engineering equipment

Water supply - drinking water from the external network.

Hot water supply - centralized from the external network.

Sewerage - domestic with release into the external network; internal drain with outlet to underground storm network.

Internal waste line with replaceable container.

Heating - centralized water.

Power supply - from external network with voltage of 380/220 V.

Lighting - energy-saving bulbs.

Communication devices - telephone distribution network, antenna receiving network of television and radio broadcasting, intercom communication system, security alarm system, wired broadcasting network.

Ventilation - exhaust with a natural urge.

Elevator - carrying capacity 1000 kg.

Bathrooms and bathrooms are equipped with a bath with a mixer and shower mesh, a washbasin with a mixer, a toilet.

Kitchen equipment - washing with mixer, electric cooker, refrigerator .