Layout of the microdistrict

Contents

Introduction

Design Input

Situation Plan

Characteristics of natural and climatic conditions of the area and the construction site

Calculation of the population and housing stock of the microdistrict

Preparation of preliminary balance of the territory of the microdistrict

5.1 Selection of residential building designs

5.2 Calculation of public service institutions and enterprises

5.3 Calculation of green spaces

5.4 Calculation of land plots for garages and car parks for permanent storage of cars

5.5 Calculation of the territory of the communal storage area

5.6 Preliminary balance of the territory of the microdistrict

General organization of the territory of the microdistrict

6.1 Functional area zoning diagram

6.2 Planning and development of the microdistrict

6.3 Formation of road network and pedestrian links

6.4 Landscaping of the territory of the microdistrict and development of the sports zone

Project balance of the territory of the microdistrict

Technical and economic indicators

Conclusion

Bibliographic list

Application

Introduction

The basis of the microdistrict is a residential zone together with a complex of service institutions. The microdistrict is the main structural unit of the yellow territory. It is organized on the principle of approaching the residential buildings of those service institutions that the population uses daily with a service radius of 300,500 m. The planning structure of the microdistrict consists of separate groups of residential buildings.

Residential development consists of residential buildings of various types, which are selected taking into account the housing stock of the microdistrict and the population.

The main purpose of the course project is to obtain practical skills in designing the planning structure of the microdistrict, in determining the position and composition of residential buildings, in transport and pedestrian traffic.

Design Input

Design location: in the area of St. Petersburg. [on assignment]

Parcel relief: by map. [on assignment]

Area in red lines: 30.5 hectares. [on assignment]

Urban planning value of the territory: high. [on assignment]

Housing supply: 20 m2/person. [on assignment]

Storey of residential buildings: 4 storeys - 13%, 10 ets. - 50%, 17 et. – 37%. [on assignment]

Exposition of the building site: in relief. [on assignment]

Situation Plan

The situation plan depicts the position of the projected microdistrict in terms of the city. The designed microdistrict is located in the southwestern part of the city. It is surrounded by streets: from the north and east - highway streets of microdistrict significance; from the south and west - a main street of citywide significance with unregulated traffic. The shape of the microdistrict is a polygon. The connection of the microdistrict with the city center is carried out through the streets of microdistrict and district significance. Industrial enterprises are located south of the microdistrict, and the recreation zone is west .

The situation plan is presented in the form of a diagram as part of the explanatory note in Appendix p.

General organization of the territory of the microdistrict

6.1 Functional area zoning diagram

Solving questions about the mutual location of zones in the territory of the microdistrict is called functional zoning. The functional zoning scheme of the territory of the microdistrict is carried out on a scale of 1:5000. It is the first approximate solution of the general plan and shows the mutual location of the main planning elements of the microdistrict.

The following main functional zones are displayed on the diagram in the form of schematic symbols:

- residential, where residential buildings and adjacent landscaped courtyards with a complex of internal platforms, sidewalks and driveways are located;

- Public centre and accommodation area for shops and catering establishments, areas of institutions and service enterprises, areas of car parks, neighbourhoods garden, alleys and squares;

- The area of schools and kindergartens;

- communal area, where warehouses and workshops of housing and operating offices (FEC) are located for the current repair of housing stock, premises for working with the population, heating points, distribution points of electric and gas supply, garages for motor vehicles of the population of the microdistrict, reception points of recyclables.

We have service institutions so that they are accessible to the entire population of the microdistrict.

The residential zone is located along the perimeter of the microdistrict. It is formed from residential groups consisting of four, ten and seventeen storey houses. Houses are located not only along highways, but also throughout the area of ​ ​ the microdistrict. The border of the residential zone is the red lines of streets that limit the microdistrict, along which protective green spaces are created during heavy traffic.

The community center with all shops and service enterprises is located almost in the core of the microdistrict, there is also a station wagon, which is located between the kindergarten and the school. The garden of the neighborhood is located in the northeastern part and is a resting place for people.

The school site is located west of the center of the microdistrict, and the complex of nursery-kindergartens is located south and north of the center, respectively, for the convenience of serving the population.

The communal and warehouse zone is combined with the zone of garages and parking lots and is located in the northeast of the microdistrict. This is the most convenient location based on natural and climatic conditions. The functional zoning scheme of the territory of the microdistrict is presented in the graphic part of the project on sheet 2.

6.2 Planning and development of the microdistrict [5]

The residential zone consists of residential buildings and landscaped courtyards. All residential buildings are selected taking into account the possibility of resettlement of families of different composition in them. Residential buildings are combined into residential groups, and in turn they form the residential zone of the microdistrict. The composition of residential buildings is determined by a one-time solution of two problems:

Participation of development in the formation of the street;

Create an integral interior space.

The boundaries of residential development are microdistrict streets and highways of citywide importance, the development of which forms the face of the city.

In the west and south, along the highway of unregulated traffic, there are ten storey houses and seventeen storey houses, they protect the microdistrict from gas pollution and create a pleasant architectural composition of the district on the western and southern sides.

In the south and east, along the streets of microdistrict significance, there are nine and four storey houses. They provide the required protection against the wind of residential areas.

Since the construction site is located in the second climatic area, the houses are located in such a way as to ensure the protection of courtyard spaces .

The area of ​ ​ the public center includes a universal building with shops, a catering enterprise, a dairy kitchen distribution point, a pharmacy, a dry cleaner, a housing and operational organization, a reception point with hairdressers, a recycling reception point, a communications department, and a sberbank branch. Also included in this zone is a club with sports. lounge and bathhouse with laundry. It is close to the center of the microdistrict. Service radius is not more than 500 m. In the central part of the microdistrict, where the development is less dense, there is a station wagon. Service radius is not more than 200 m.

In the area of ​ ​ preschool institutions, two kindergartens have been designed. They are located south and north of the center of the microdistrict, where the density of development is higher. The area of ​ ​ the site is taken from the calculation of 35 m2 per place, which is 1.2ha, respectively [4]. The service radius is 300m [4].

In the area of ​ ​ school institutions, a school with a capacity of 1600 place is designed. We accept the area of ​ ​ plots according to [4] based on 17 m2 per 1 student, which is 2.5 ha. The school is located almost in the center of the microdistrict. The service radius is not more than 500 m [4], which allows covering the entire territory of the microdistrict.

The utility area includes a home unit, a heat station and a transformer substation, as well as selected garages and part of car parks. Garages are available both ground and underground, to preserve the territory of the microdistrict. We will take part of the parking lots for permanent storage of cars outside the microdistrict due to lack of space. The communal and economic zone is located on the territory of the microdistrict in its northeastern part and adjoins the microdistrict highway, since this is the most favorable place based on the predominant wind direction and the general terrain exposure. This zone is separated from others by protective green spaces.

6.3 Formation of street network and pedestrian links

The microdistrict is located within intermagrant territories and is delimited by streets of citywide and microdistrict significance. The location of internal driveways in the microdistrict is made based on the decision of the highway and street systems of the entire residential district as a whole, microdistrict driveways connect residential and trunk streets with separate groups of houses and other institutions. Pedestrian roads run from residential buildings to transport stops, children's institutions, garages, parking lots, green spaces. In this microdistrict, driveways are designed:

- basic - for access to groups of residential buildings and public buildings. The main microdistrict passage has two lanes, each of which has a width of 2.75m, on both sides of the passage there are sidewalks 1 m wide;

- secondary - for access to separate residential buildings;

- economic - for servicing household courtyards of public buildings. Utility driveways are designed 3.5m wide with one sidewalk 0.75 m wide.

When building above 5 floors (in this design of the house 10 and 17 floors), a two-lane passage 5.5m wide is provided. In the interior spaces of buildings, driveways with turning platforms and widening in the form of pockets for short-term parking are designed.

Pedestrian traffic inside the microdistrict is organized along the main and secondary driveways, along sidewalks and footpaths traced through sections of green spaces. On the main pedestrian streets, the width of the sidewalk lane is taken as 1.0 m, on the secondary streets - 0.75 m.

The system of the main microdistrict driveways is built according to the ring and dead end scheme.

6.4 Landscaping of the territory of the microdistrict and development of the sports zone

Wood-bush vegetation, lawns and flowers located in various zones make up the landscaping system of the microdistrict, which includes green spaces of the residential zone (house gardens and squares), sections of schools and children's institutions, a microdistrict garden, protective lanes near garages and along highways with heavy traffic.

The calculation of the area of ​ ​ green spaces of the microdistrict is made based on the normalized area per resident. According to regulatory documents [4], one person accounts for 6 m2, that is, for the designed microdistrict, with an estimated population of 11565 people, the area of ​ ​ green spaces will be 6.9 hectares. This area will include: green plantings of residential buildings, landscaping of schools and kindergartens, a microdistrict garden, landscaping of courtyards and landscaping along the streets.

Among the green spaces of the garden, sites with appropriate equipment and equipment are designed. They are adjacent to the alleys and paths of the garden. In the center of the garden is a decorative pool. The area of ​ ​ the garden is 2.3 hectares.

The sports area is located in the northwestern part of the center. Part of the sports grounds is located on the territory of the school.

Conclusion

This course project presents a microdistrict with an area of ​ ​ 32.3 hectares, the population was 11565 people. It is surrounded by streets: from the north and east - highway streets of microdistrict significance; from the south and west - a main street of citywide significance with unregulated traffic. The connection of the microdistrict with the city center is carried out through the streets of microdistrict and district significance. On the territory of the microdistrict there is one school and two kindergartens, a large public center, a sports complex, the garden of the microdistrict became a special decoration. Around the perimeter of the microdistrict there are residential buildings with various storeys: 4-, 10-, 17-storeys.