KV-TK-100 boiler unit - calculation, drawings

Introduction

Heating and heating-production boiler houses occupy one of the leading places among consumers of fuel resources, spending up to 50% of the fuel produced in the country. In the future, due to the industrialization of rural construction, the share of small and medium-sized boiler houses in the country's total heat and energy balance will also be quite large.

The technical operation of the "small energy" boiler houses is associated with labor-intensive processes and the involvement of a large number of maintenance personnel, including engineering and technical workers. Boiler house personnel of boiler operators (drivers), heat engineers, employees of the heating system, laboratory technicians are given high requirements for mastering the methods of regulating technological processes and knowledge in the field of fuel use, automation of boilers, safety, water treatment, etc.

Elements included in boiler plant

The boiler plant is a complex of devices located in special rooms and designed to convert the chemical energy of fuel into thermal energy of steam or hot water. The main elements of the heating boiler house are a boiler, a furnace, feed, make-up and traction devices. Auxiliary elements of heating boiler houses include devices for fuel supply, water heating, flue gas purification, thermal control devices and automation devices, water treatment.

A hot water boiler having a furnace heated by the products of the fuel burned therein, for heating water under pressure above atmospheric pressure and used as a heat carrier outside the apparatus itself.

A steam boiler is a device having a furnace heated by the products of the fuel burned therein and designed to produce steam under pressure above atmospheric pressure used outside the device itself.

The furnace device (furnace) serves to burn fuel and convert its chemical energy into heat of combustion products of gases. For gas combustion chamber furnace is arranged and gas burners are installed.

Feed and make-up devices (pumps, tanks, pipelines) are designed to supply water to the boiler or heat network (heating system).

Traction devices consist of blast fans, a system of air ducts, gas ducts, smoke pumps and a chimney, with the help of which the necessary amount of air is supplied to the furnace and combustion products (exhaust gases) move through the boiler gas ducts, as well as their removal into the atmosphere. The combustion products of the fuel, moving along the gas ducts of the boiler and contacting its heating surfaces, transfer heat to water.

Auxiliary elements of the boiler plant also include a water economizer for heating water, and feedwater treatment devices.

The furnace, boiler, water economizer together constitute a boiler unit. Distinguish boiler heating, heating and production and production.

Heating boiler houses are designed to supply hot water for heating, ventilation and hot water supply of residential .and public buildings. The water temperature of low-power heating boilers is 95-70 ° C (but not higher than 115 ° C), large boiler houses - 150-70 ° C.

Heating boilers are usually equipped with hot water boilers, but some still use steam boilers, since at the initial stage of the construction of these boilers water boilers were not produced by industry. The most common scheme of a heating boiler house is a boiler house with hot water and steam boilers. For example, large heating boilers, for which fuel oil serves as the main or reserve fuel supplied by rail in tanks, should include auxiliary steam boilers of low steam capacity (PCBP type) mainly to provide steam for fuel oil management (heating fuel oil). In the presence of such steam sources in the boiler house, they are usually used for other needs of boiler deaeration of feedwater, steam boilers, heating of raw and chemically purified water, gas suction by steam jet ejectors from vacuum deaerators of make-up water.

In hot water boilers, auxiliary steam boilers are not installed only if heated fuel oil is supplied from the refinery through pipelines.

In low-capacity heating boilers, when installing only hot water boilers, one group of boilers works only for heating according to the heating schedule. Another group of boilers provides a load of hot water supply: hot water from this group of boilers enters water heaters installed in the boiler room. Water circulation in both circuits (heating networks and water heater networks) is carried out by network pumps common to both groups. To heat the water in the hot water supply network to 65 C, the temperature of the coolant in the boilers is usually maintained at 95 C. These boiler houses, for example with cast iron boilers, were called boiler houses with a single coolant. In boiler houses with a single coolant, it is possible, if necessary, to switch boilers from the heating group to work in the hot water supply group.

KV-TK-100 boiler unit

The KVTK100 type hot water boiler with a heating capacity of 100 gcal/hour was made by the Barnaul Boiler Plant and is designed to burn solid fuel in a pulverized state.

The boiler is made in U-shaped layout and consists of:

• rising gas duct;

• rotary chamber;

• outlet gas duct.

In the ascending gas duct there is an open-type combustion chamber, completely shielded by pipes d = 60 × 4 mm with a pitch of S = 80 mm. Strips of 20 × 60 mm are welded between the pipes. Front and rear screens form cold funnel slabs, which determines dry removal of slag.

Furnace chamber screens consist of 12 vertical panels - blocks. In the upper part of the furnace chamber, the rear screen is divided into a four-row feston with steps S1 = 320 mm and S2 = 270 mm.

The rotary gas duct, as well as the furnace, is shielded with all-welded gas flow panels.

Packages of convective part are arranged in outlet gas duct. Coils of convective packages are made of pipes d = 32 × 3 mm and are staggered with steps S1 = 80 mm and S2 = 60 mm.

Under the convective packages there is a double-furnace tubular air heater made of d = 40 × 1.5 mm pipes arranged in staggered order. Flue gases pass inside pipes of air heaters. Air washes the surface of the pipes from the outside.

The boiler combustion chamber is equipped with six vortex dust-coal burners installed on the side walls of the furnace according to the "triangle" scheme

In the central pipe of the burner there is a melt nozzle and a gas igniter with ionization sensors.

The boiler is provided with a continuous slag removal unit consisting of two transporters of transition slag hoppers and two single-shaft slag crushers.

Crushing is provided for cleaning convective heating surfaces. For cleaning of furnace screens respectively obduvochny OM 0.35 devices.

KVTK100 boilers can be operated in two modes:

• mainly when heating network water from 70 to 150 0С;

• peak, when heating network water from 110 to 150 0С.

In the main mode, the network water enters the rear screen of the convective shaft (exhaust gas duct). After the side screens, each stream is divided into two sub-streams, each of which passes through the side screens of the convective gas duct and through the inlet of the gas duct .

After the intermediate chamber, the substreams are again combined and already two streams of network water pass through the side screens of the furnace. After the side screens of the furnace, two network water flows parallel to the front and rear screens of the furnace, and then to the consumer.

Auxiliary equipment of KVTK100 boiler includes:

• hammer mill type MMT1500 250/735 (3 pcs)

• centrifugal separator of dust of SPU1500 type (3 pieces)

• raw coal feeder of SPU 750-8310 type (3 pcs)

• blast fan VDM20II (1 pcs)

• smoke pump of DN 24/2 - 062 type (1 pcs.)

• steam calorifers of KVB11 type (16 pcs)

Solid fuel

A fuel is a substance that, when burned, forms products heated to high temperatures due to the chemically bound energy contained in it.

Coal - a solid combustible sedimentary rock, formed mainly from dead plants through their biochemical, physicochemical and physical changes, is an irreparable, limited natural resource.

Indicators of coal metamorphism are yield of volatile substances, elemental composition, heat of combustion, sintering, and in its low stages - humidity. According to these indicators, all coals are divided into brown, stone and anthracites. In accordance with the all-Russian product classifier, the following codes are used:

03 2031 0 Stone coal

03 2035 2 Brown coal

Brown coals include grades: B1, B2, B3.

Coal differs from brown in its higher carbon content and higher density. Brands belong to coals: (Gas), (GF (gas fat), (GFO (gas fat otoshchenny), D (long-flame), (LFG (long-flame gas), (fat), (CSN (coke slabospekayushchiysya nizkometamorfizovanny), CC (slabospekayushchiysya), T (lean) which is LB (lean baking).

A separate brand of coal is anthracite (A), fossil humus coal of the highest degree of metamorphism. The lowest heat of combustion in brown coals. The most advantageous ratio of price and specific heat of combustion is coal.

Coal grades D, D and anthracites find their use, as a rule, in boiler houses, since they can burn without blowing. Carbon grades CC, OS, T are used to produce electric energy, since they have high combustion heat, but the combustion of this type of coal is associated with technological difficulties that are justified only if a large amount of coal is needed.

In the iron and steel industry, grades G, J. are usually used for the production of steels and cast iron.

Depending on the degree of enrichment, coals are divided into concentrates, industrial products and sludge. Concentrates are usually used in boiler houses and for generating electricity. Industrial products usually go to the needs of metallurgy. Slimes are used to make briquettes for retail sale to the public for personal use.

Alternative fuels - natural gas, oil refined products, including fuel oil, fossil fuels (shale, peat) - can be substitute products for energy coal, depending on the purpose of use.

Coal of individual grades can in some cases be replaced by coal of other grades that have thermal characteristics corresponding to the technological parameters of the equipment, which allows them to be used without reconstruction work without significantly reducing the efficiency of energy production and damaging the equipment.

At the same time, the overall assessment of interchangeability can be characterized as low, due to the uniqueness of the thermal technical characteristics of different grades of coal, for the combustion of which boiler equipment is designed, i.e. potentially interchangeable coals are not suitable for all consumers.

Irsha - Borodino coal field

Borodino, a city of regional subordination in the Rybinsk district. Located 184 km from Krasnoyarsk, 18 km southeast of the city of Zaozerny.

The emergence (1944), and then the development of the village (1949) and the city (1981) is obliged to the accelerated development of KATEK. The village was called "Borodino" on behalf of the nearby village. Borodino, one of the 22 state settlements, was founded in 1827-31 by Governor A.P. Stepanov. The village was named "Borodino" in honor of the famous Battle of Borodino in the Patriotic War of 1812. In the 1830s in with. Borodino during the digging of a well was discovered brown coal, and at the end of the XIX century. when laying the Trans-Siberian Railway and near the junction Irsha .

In 1884, the IrshaBorodinsky coal field was widely publicized. For the exploration of the deposit, mountain tenants were sent, who also inspected coal on the river. Irsha. In 1895 in ss. Borodino and Zaozernom carried out mining and geological work by the Ural engineer Fedoseyev. In 1905, exploration and mapping of coal deposits and taps was carried out by mining technician V.P. Kosovanov. He staked 8 mountain taps of coal areas in the Irsha district. The main formation was identified - Borodinsky with a capacity of 20 m. Capital exploration of the IrshaBorodinsky coal field was carried out in 1929-53. The beginning of development was accelerated by the Great Patriotic War, when due to the loss of the coal industry

there was an acute shortage of fuel in the western regions of the country. GKO on the proposal of the Krasnoyarsk Committee of the CPSU (b) decides to create

Irsha-Borodino coal mine. In 1944 - the survey of the territory where the village of coal miners was to be located, in March 1945 a construction department was formed. After the Victory, the influx of workers - demobilized soldiers - intensified at the construction site. In August 1949, the 1st coal seam was opened by explosion-release; on December 29, the operation of the mine began. In the 1st year, 350 thousand tons of coal were mined. In 1950, one excavator worked on the section, and production for the year amounted to only 349 thousand tons. In 1978, a rotary complex entered into operation.

the giant ERSHRD is 5000, and in the early 1980s the cut became the largest in Russia, and its coal is the cheapest in the country. Production reached 30 million tons per year in 1992. In the complex with a section there is an extensive network of construction, repair, energy, etc., services of this complex production, social infrastructure. At the beginning of 1995, 9 enterprises functioned in Borodino, and in terms of production it owned 9th place in the region. Due to changing socio-economic conditions, coal production decreased in 1995 to 19 million tons. At the same time, objective prerequisites allow producing up to 350 million tons of coal per year here. The development of Borodino and his "heart" - incision - is associated with the country's general economic prospects.

Technical documentation

Each boiler house shall have the following documents:

Acts of land removal;

geological and hydrogeological data on the territory with the results of samples testing and soil analysis;

acts of foundation laying;

acts of acceptance of hidden works;

acts on the settlement of buildings, structures and foundations under the boiler room;

acts of testing, elimination and ensuring of explosion safety, fire safety, lightning protection, anti-corrosion protection of the structure;

acts of testing of internal and external water supply, gas supply, heat supply, heating and ventilation systems;

acts of individual testing of equipment testing;

acts of state and working acceptance commissions;

approved project documentation;

technical passports of buildings, structures, technical units;

as-built detailed drawings of equipment and structures, drawings

the entire underground economy;

actuating working circuits of primary and secondary electric conductors;

executive operating process diagrams;

instructions for maintenance of equipment and facilities;

Job descriptions for each workplace;

operational fire-fighting plan;

Occupational Safety Instruction.

The complete set of documentation shall be stored in the boiler room archive with the documents stamp. Each boiler house shall have a list of necessary instructions and process diagrams for each workshop, site, laboratory. The list shall be approved by the boiler house chief engineer. The list of instructions and documentation shall be reviewed at least once every 3 years. Nameplates with nominal data according to GOST shall be installed on the main and auxiliary equipment of the boiler house and substation.

All main and auxiliary equipment, including pipelines, systems and sections of tyres, as well as valves, shabers, gas and air pipelines shall be numbered.

In the case of an electoral management system (IMS), the numbering of valves in place and on election schemes should be double with the indication of the number corresponding to the operational scheme and the number according to IMS.

The main equipment must have serial numbers, and the auxiliary number the same number as the main one with the addition of letters (a, b, c...). Symbols and numbers in diagrams shall correspond to symbols and numbers in kind. All changes in the installations made during operation shall be made to the diagram immediately signed by the official. Technical diagrams shall be checked for their compliance with the actual one at least once every 2 years with the check mark. Information about changes in schemes should be communicated to all employees. All workplaces shall be provided with the necessary instructions and signed by the head of the respective division and approved by the boiler house chief engineer. The operating instructions of the equipment shall contain:

• brief description of the equipment;

• Safety criteria and limits of the relevant work;

• preparation procedure for start-up;

• start-up procedure;

• shutdown and maintenance of equipment during normal operation and in emergency modes;

• procedure for admission to inspection, repair and testing of equipment;

• occupational safety, explosion and fire safety requirements.

The job descriptions for each workplace shall include:

o List of equipment maintenance instructions and other technical and regulatory documents;

o Equipment and device diagrams;

o Knowledge required for work in this field

o Rights and obligations and responsibilities of the employee;

o Relationship with a superior subordinate and other work-related personnel.

The safety instruction shall include:

o general safety requirements;

o safety requirements prior to start of operation, during operation, in emergency situations and upon completion of operation.

The instruction shall be revised at least once every 3 years. In cases of changes in the composition or operating conditions of the equipment, the relevant assumptions should be made in the instruction and communicated to the employees. What should be recorded in the order log.

The duty personnel shall maintain operational documentation. This documentation should be viewed daily by administrative and technical personnel and take measures to eliminate defects and irregularities in the work of equipment and personnel. Operational documentation, diagrams, registration of instrumentation, magnetic records relate to strict accounting documents and are to be stored in accordance with the established procedure.