Feed Feed Mill Project with Calculations and Explanations

Contents

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

1 PROCESS PART

1.1 Current status of dairy and meat cattle breeding and

technical equipment of cattle farms

1.2 Development of feed preparation process diagram

1.3 Choice of animal feeding diet

1.4 Calculation of the required amount of feed

1.5 Calculation of fodder storage quantity

1.6 Development of the technological scheme of the ZAV zernoochistitelny unit -

1.7 Calculation of transportation and auxiliary quantity

Equipment

2 DESIGN PART

2.1 Description of the developed structure

2.2. Design Design Calculation

3 ECONOMIC PART

Conclusion

List of literature used

Application

Introduction

Over the past 10 years, in Russia, the number of cattle has decreased by 25.5 million golos/11/. Per capita meat consumption has decreased to 45 kg, a factor of 2. Economic indicators of livestock production in all types of farms in Russia during this period decreased by 2530% and 3-8 times or more worse than those of foreign countries.

In recent years, in many regions of Russia, significant funds have begun to be allocated for the development of the livestock industry. But large problems arose with mechanization tools, the wear of which exceeds 90%. In addition, previously used technologies and manufactured machines did not fully ensure the competitiveness of domestic animal husbandry. Traditional animal feeding technologies have practically exhausted themselves and cannot give a significant jump in increasing volumes and improving the quality of products. The multidimensional nature of the economy has further expanded the variety of conditions for the functioning of technology. Therefore, it is necessary to change generations of equipment, providing for the replacement of the principle of work and working organs of machines, to ensure an individual approach to the consumer by creating oriented modifications of machines of the desired performance and functional purpose.

The nodal issues determining the efficiency of livestock production are: full realization of the genetic potential of livestock on the basis of full-fledged feeding with balanced diets, improved preparation of feed for feeding, provision of detailed norms for feeding animals, reduction of material and energy costs due to the use of multi-operation block modular combined units.

Process Part

1.1 Current status of dairy and meat cattle breeding and

technical equipment of cattle farms

In the agro-industrial complex, about a third of the country's national income is created. The economic and political potential of the state depends to a large extent on its effectiveness. The most difficult issue in solving the global food problem in our country is the supply of livestock products to the population.

In terms of meat, milk and wool production, Russia is at the level of the sixties. The number of cattle in 19901998 decreased by 45, and dairy herds - by 23%. Over the years, milk production decreased by 39, beef meat - by 38%. The weight of the delivery carcasses decreased from 204 to 132 kg [11]. This reduction in livestock is commensurate with its reduction in extreme years - 19291933 and 19411945, the restoration of which took 1619 and 910 years, respectively. Not the best position with the provision of public livestock feed. The production of feedstuffs in 19941996 in comparison with 1990 decreased by more than three times. Meat production per capita in 1998 decreased to 37 kg, while in 19881989. It amounted to 70 kg in the USSR, in the USA - 115, in Hungary - 161, in Canada - 108, in France - 1.12, in FRG96 kg.

Economic indicators of livestock production in all types of farms in Russia are 3-8 times or more lower than similar indicators of foreign countries. In terms of direct living labor costs for obtaining a unit of livestock production, Russia surpasses Western countries in 1522, energy - in 2.53.0, feed - in 2.53.5, and in using the potential of animals is inferior in 2.03.5 times.

The economic crisis of the second half of 1998 created the prerequisites for the revival of animal husbandry. In many regions, they began to allocate significant funds for the purchase of breeding stock, including abroad. But the greatest problems arise with mechanization, the wear of which exceeds 90%, and where animal husbandry has been eliminated, they are put into scrap metal. Therefore, the technical equipment of the farms must be carried out almost again.

An analysis of literary sources showed that the largest amount of time on dairy farms is spent on three main processes - milking - 37, distribution of feed - 28, manure harvesting - 16% [11]. In terms of energy costs, personnel receive the greatest load when loading, transporting and distributing feed - more than 32%. In these processes, the main physical load falls on the loading and transportation of feed (82%) and only 18% on their distribution among feeders. At feed farms of young cattle, up to 50% of all labor costs come from processes related to animal feeding, and up to 25% from manure harvesting.

To mechanize the distribution of feed on KPC farms by the USSR industry, until 1989, a large number of feed distributors were produced annually: KTU10 - 45, RMM5 - 12, RSP10 - up to 3, APS10 -0.5, RK50 - 0.45, TVK80 - 5 thousand sht. However, the level of complex mechanization of feed distribution continued to be very low and did not exceed 30%, while the level of mechanization of animal feeding, milking cows and manure harvesting exceeded 80%. Due to the fact that the processes associated with animal feeding are the most energy-intensive and least mechanized, the main reduction in labor costs in the production of livestock products can be obtained in the coming years by reducing the labor costs for animal feeding.

The most important problem in animal husbandry is the problem of rational use of feed resources, since up to 50% of the nutritional value of silted feed is lost due to the use of unsustainable technologies for harvesting, storing and feeding animals, up to 25% of feed is not absorbed by animals due to inefficient processing technologies. The following causes occur in corn silage:

- field losses during mowing;

- fermentation losses (04%);

- fermentation losses resulting in acid formation (717%);

- slow filling (up to 10%);

- insufficient fodder compaction (up to 5%);

- leakage of silos (up to 5%);

- secondary fermentation during unloading (up to 4%);

- losses due to top layer damage (up to 1%);

- losses through undigested non-milled grains (up to 10%), etc.

Conclusion

This project proposes a new feeding technology taking into account the daily diet.

Feed distribution is carried out by a developed universal mobile grinder-feed distributor-mixer.

The calculated economic indicators from the introduction of this design demonstrate a decrease in the cost of distributing feed, obtaining additional profit due to an increase in animal productivity, while the annual economic efficiency is 1015 thousand rubles.