External water supply and sewerage networks - exchange rate

Contents

1. Source Data

2. Key provisions and milestones of the course project

3. Bridge Options

4. Span Layout and Beam Section Assignment

5. Design of riding canvas

6. Movable vertical loads

7. Maximum Load Calculation

8. Define the geometric parameters of the crossbar and support

9. Purpose of support type

10. Definition of loads acting on the support

11. Load Combination

12. Construction of bridges, necessary equipment for construction

1. Initial data.

1. Type of structure: J.B. bridge

2. The value of adjacent spans: 24 × 24 m

3. Size: G10.0 m

4. Sidewalk width: 0.5 m

5. Temporary movable loads: A14; H14

6. Intersecting obstacles:

River: UMB214.0; UVV-217.0; UVL215.0;

Flow rate 0.5 m/s;

Ice thickness 0.2 m, washing 1.0 m, UD213.0

7. Support type: wall

8. Soils: Well No.: No.3

Thickness Option No. 1

9. Special conditions: carcass

Key provisions and milestones of the course project

1 The goal of the course project is to master the practical skills of bridge design. At the same time, the task is not only to enrich the student with knowledge, but to develop his creative abilities. The student must learn to find for specific conditions the most rational scheme and design of the bridge, be able to analyze the dependence of parts of the bridge on one another, and the entire bridge on terrain conditions and the state of technology; be able to analyze bridges from a construction, operational and aesthetic point of view.

1.2. Composition of the course design of the reinforced concrete bridge should be carried out in the following sequence: study of the assignment and local conditions, development of bridge variants for the given conditions, technical and economic comparison of bridge variants and selection of the most rational bridge layout, calculation of bridge elements, development of bridge structures, preparation of a work flow chart, preparation of an explanatory note to the course design,

1.Z. When designing bridges, as well as any structures, the designer must be guided by a number of provisions and requirements that take into account the accumulated experience in bridge construction and provide the strength, durability and usability necessary for "growth. These provisions and requirements are set out in SNiP 2.05.0384. " Bridges and pipes [1].

Layout of span structure and purpose of beams section.

Beam span structures can have different number of beams in cross section, determined by the size of the maet and the width of the sidewalks (Fig. 1, a),

Distance between axes of beams is taken within 1, 802.50 m, width of monolithic joint C = 0.300.40 m,

In the first approximation, the dimensions of the actual cross-section of the beam are set (Fig. 1.6): height h = 90 cm with the full length of the span esound= 1215 m, h = 120 cm, with esound= 1824 m, h = 150 cm with esound= 2733 m, h = 180 cm with esound= 3639 m, h = 210cm, with esound= 42 m; width

plates bf = d; plate height hf = 15 cm; rib thickness in the middle of beam b = 16 cm; at end sections b = 26 cm; width of the lower belt

bf = 62 cm; size a15 cm at ep < 24 cm a = 20 cm at ep 2733 m a = 25 cm at ep 36 m.

Beams up to 30 m long, as a rule, are made all-transported with tension of reinforcement before concreting on stops. With a long length, composite beams are used along the length with reinforcement tension on concrete and subsequent design of channels.

My data: e.p = 24 m, so the height of the beam will be equal to h = 1.5 m,

and =0.25 m, bf of =0.62 m

12 Construction of bridges part: Necessary special equipment and equipment

The main works on the construction of the bridge include:

1) earthworks;

2) work on the immersion of tongue and piles;

3) drainage works;

4) procurement;

5) concrete;

6) assembly and installation works;

7) delivery of materials and equipment to the place of work.

Classification of special equipment used in the construction of bridges:

1 special equipment for earthworks;

2 lifting and transportation mechanisms;

3 special equipment for drilling;

4 special equipment for piling and other piling works;

5 special equipment for concreting and reinforced concrete works;

6 welding special equipment for welding of steel structures;

7 special equipment for waterproofing;

8 special equipment and devices for finishing works;

9 manual mechanized tools.

Earthworks. This class includes earth-moving (single-bucket excavators) and earth-moving vehicles (bulldozers), as well as means of hydromechanization and earthworks (earth-moving shells, airlifts, hydroelevators).

The bulldozer - the self-propelled digging machine which is the caterpillar or wheel tractor, the tractor, etc. with hinged working body - a curvilinear dump (board) in section located out of base of a running gear of the car. It is used for layer-by-layer digging, planning and movement (at a distance of 60300 m) of soils, minerals, road construction and other materials during the construction and repair of roads, canals, hydraulic structures, etc. Also, the bulldozer is used in the development of placers, on dumps, during reclamation, as an auxiliary machine in quarries. In addition, the bulldozer is used in the construction and repair of roads, as well as as a pusher (for example, when filling self-propelled scrapers), etc.

Species of bulldozers

with a non-rotating dump mounted perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the base machine;

a rotatable spoil which may be mounted in a horizontal plane at an angle both sides of or perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the machine;

universal with a dump of two articulated halves installed in a horizontal plane at various angles to the longitudinal axis of the machine or perpendicular to it (waybill).

Dumps of all types of bulldozers are equipped with mechanisms with a hydraulic, cable or electromechanical drive for lifting - lowering, turning in plan, skewing in the transverse plane, tilting forward and backward. Bulldozers are supplied with replaceable equipment (rippers, slopes, wideners, openers, etc.), expanding the scope of their application and increasing efficiency in individual works.

Characteristics of bulldozers

dump length - up to 5.550 mm

dump weight - up to 10 t

dump dimensions: width - up to 6100 mm, height - up to 2200 mm

height with visor - 2300 mm

dump lifting - 1780 mm

dump deepening - 800 mm

rock movement distance - up to 200 m

engine power - up to 386 kW

weight - up to 58 t