Erection of aboveground part of one-storey industrial building

Contents

Introduction

1. Initial data

2. Specification of prefabricated elements

3. Bill of Quantities

4. Justification and preliminary selection of the building installation method, principles and elements of the work organization and mechanization technology

5. Selection of load-gripping devices and devices for temporary fastening and installation of structures

6. Calculation of crane parameters

7. Feasibility Study for Selection of Installation Cranes

8. Evaluation of crane selection by lifting capacity

9. Selection of rational vehicles and calculation of their required quantity

10. Select Auxiliary Devices

10.1. Calculation of process equipment

10.2 Calculation of rigging

11. Organization of works

12. Preparation of foundations for installation

13. Installation of columns

14. Installation of trusses, beams and girders

15. Installation of slabs and coatings

16. Installation of wall panels

17. Termination of joints and seams

18. Gripping and Work Direction Design

19. Determination of cost-effectiveness

List of literature used

Introduction

Installation of building structures is a leading technological process, which largely determines the structure of object flows, the overall pace of construction of the facility, the procedure and methods of other construction work, including the installation of structures, should be linked into a single technological process, the final goal of which is to obtain finished products in the form of a building or structure.

In order to reduce the construction time, all types of work are combined in time, that is, they are carried out in an in-line method that allows more efficient use of machines and mechanisms, increase labor productivity and reduce the cost of construction.

The purpose of the building or structure, its volumetric-planning and structural characteristics play a decisive role in the development of process instructions for the execution of individual construction processes, the choice of the method of work execution.

At present, the issue of environmental protection is increasingly being raised in the world - therefore, planning and development of the territory by facilities must be carried out taking into account climatic conditions, the introduction of high-efficiency plants for cleaning industrial emissions, and the education of workers of responsibility for the careful use of land and its wealth.

Justification and preliminary selection of the building installation method, principles and elements of the work organization and mechanization technology

The justification of the method of erecting the above-ground part begins during the period of object design, PIC development, therefore, the building structures are adapted to the selected method.

The building is being built in four stages:

construction of underground structures;

erection of above-ground structures, including roofing;

special and finishing works;

installation of process equipment.

To install the above-ground part of a single-storey industrial building with a railway frame, we choose an element-by-element method.

To organize the processes of erecting a building, we explode it into sections. We take part of the span of the building within the temperature block as the site.

When parting into installation areas, we take into account the technology of the main production, for which the building is built, providing through movement of transport for supplying structures for installation. We take the direction of erection of the building along the spans, thus we use a longitudinal scheme.

Based on the layout of the building, we compose the installation formula:

- with the flow principle of work organization;

- by brigade contract;

- with mechanization of the main processes;

- with mixed principle of installation of elements and units in cells;

- according to the open principle of installation of columns, wall panels, according to the closed principle of installation of coating units;

- with installation along the span from bottom to top;

- with linear layout of columns, wall panels in cassettes;

- with installation of columns with braces, clamps, work platforms, stairs, wall panels - braces;

- gripping wall panels by loops, columns - by special grips;

- with remote disassembly of all mounting elements;

- with accuracy control of columns - instrumental;

- support during installation - on underlying structures.

Preparation of foundations for installation

On the bottom of the sleeves of prefabricated and monolithic foundations it is necessary to lay the leveling layer to the design (or actual) elevation of the bottom of the columns. It is laid just prior to the assembly of the column (not earlier than 3 hours prior to the installation) to ensure uniform settlement of the leveling layer under the weight of the column.

To form a leveling layer in foundation cups, a rigid concrete or mortar mixture of wet earth consistency should be used.

Mixture of leveling layer is compacted by manual ramming.

The level of the top of the leveling layer is checked with a leveller.

Installation of columns

The lifting of the columns is carried out by rotating from around the lower end in one of the following ways:

A) movement of the crane parallel to the position of the column towards its bottom, wherein the upper part of the column describes a circular arc;

B) lifting the upper end of the column with movement of the bottom of the column under the crane hook by sliding on the ground or rocks;

C) by turning the crane boom when the crane is parked on equal flights of the boom from the sling points and the lower end column, while the top of the column describes a spatial curve, the bottom of the column remains in place.

The lifting method is set by the design depending on the weight of the columns and the crane parameters.

When using the methods specified in subparagraphs (a) and (b), the columns are laid out parallel to the path of the cranes, in subparagraph (c) parallel to the angle.

The lifting of the columns shall be carried out in the plane of its greatest stiffness, i.e. in the rib position. Tilters are used to rotate the column "per edge."

In two-run columns, spacer jacks are used to avoid damage to the support branches.

The column is guided to the installation site by weight in a vertical position (in exceptional cases, the columns can be supplied in a slightly inclined position).

Column slinging is performed by one of the following methods:

A) by means of a remote-controlled grip from the crane cockpit;

B) semiautomatic grip with pin passed through hole in clone;

C) linking a semi-automatic sling.

In exceptional cases, lifting by the loops or "for removal" is allowed. With insufficient bending strength of the column (when it rises at one point), the string slinging is developed at two, three or four points.

Correct position of columns in the plan is ensured by alignment of axial hairlines on the column with risks on the foundation, verticality is checked by theodolite or plumb, and elevations of support surfaces - by leveling.

Temporary fixation of columns up to 12 m high in foundation cups is carried out using conductors or wedges.

Wedges can be reinforced concrete, steel or wooden. With wooden wedges, the sealing of joints with concrete is complicated, so they are used for small volumes of work. Wedges shall be 25... 30 cm long with no more than 1/10 depending on the depth of the foundation cup.

To secure the column, it is necessary to install one wedge at each face of the column up to 400 mm wide, and at least two wedges at the faces of greater width.

Temporary fixation of columns with a height of more than 12 m in the foundation cups in the plane of least stiffness is additionally carried out by bracing. Braces are attached to the nearest foundations or anchors.

Temporary fixing of columns of monolithic buildings at a grid of columns 6x6, 6x9 is carried out with application:

A) spatial conductors of RNIS type - 04 indicator of 04 single conductors;

B) bracing with carbines or wedge clamps.

Final fixing of the columns in the foundations according to the project (grouting) should be carried out immediately after installation of the columns.

Installation of trusses, beams and girders

Beams, girders and trusses with span of 18 m or more shall be installed by means of crossbars. Lifting of trusses in order to avoid loss of stability of the upper belt leads to two or four points specified in the design (certificate) of the structure.

Suspension of element to crossbeam is performed by one of the following methods:

A) using mechanisms with remote control from the crane cockpit;

B) by holes in the element or in the girth by semi-automatic slings.

The use of manual slinging leads to additional construction of structures (racks, safety cable, cradles) to ensure safety. [5]

Aiming of trusses, beams and girders on design axes is carried out along axial elevations previously applied on mounted elements and columns.

For temporary fixation of elements in the absence or insufficient strength of fasteners on supports, temporary spacers, wing conductors installed at the level of the upper belt and fixed on the previously firmly installed coating elements should be adopted, at the same time the first pair of beams, trusses are fastened with braces.

Installation of slabs and coatings

When installing slabs of coatings of multi-storey frame buildings, first lay slabs that ensure the stability of the frame, then row slabs. This procedure is reflected in the work design.

The procedure for installation of coating plates between each two trusses with side coatings should ensure the stability of the mounted building, the ability to weld the plates to load-bearing structures at least in three points and ensure the safety of work.

If these requirements are met, it is recommended to lay slabs:

A) on metal rafter trusses - from the end of the coating to the edges alternately from right to left;

B) on reinforced concrete rafter trusses with a lamp-free coating, in single-span buildings - from one edge of the coating to another, in spans adjacent to previously installed spans - from the mounted coating to the free end;

C) along reinforced concrete rafter trusses with a canopy in the direction from the edge of the coating to the canopy and on the canopy - from one edge of the canopy to another.

Installation locations shall be marked in advance on each rafter structure.

Each slab shall be welded to the rafter structure by the seams specified in the design immediately after installation. The application of tacks to these places is not allowed.

Coating structures can be installed from vehicles or most often when pre-laid in the area of ​ ​ the crane.

Coating structures are mounted by longitudinal or transverse walkers. During longitudinal movement, the crane is outside the limits of the mounted cell, and the coating plates mount the previously mounted structure (trusses, beams), and the point of suspension of the crane hook is extended half the length of the plate beyond the mounted truss or beam. In case of transverse movement (in the absence of adjustment structures), the mounting crane sets the coating plates, being inside the mounted cell, at the same time the crane boom is located across the largest side of the mounted plate, and the point of suspension of the crane hook is extended half the width of the plate. This allows lighter faucets to be used for mounting coatings.

Installation of wall panels

Installation of wall panels of each floor of a multi-storey building or span of a single-storey building can be started only after the complete completion of the installation of the frame, welding, sealing of joints and acceptance of these works.

The order of installation of panels is established in the project of work in connection with the installation of window fillers.

The panel is supplied in the design position to the canopy by the crane and after checking the correct position, fixed with permanent fasteners, and then slings are removed.

The external wall panels shall be reconciled to the external faces of the building.

Flexible synthetic gaskets should be put into horizontal seams before installation of the next panel with fixation of their compression with the help of.

Fill vertical seams with mortar or hemp them with elastic gaskets should be immediately after installation of panels adjacent to previously mounted panels before installation of panels of the overlying row.

Seaming with mortar or sealing of seams with mastic can be performed later at any time. [8]

Termination of joints and seams

Termination of joints and joints shall be carried out carefully and ensure the following provided in the design:

A) strength of concrete (mortar) in joints;

B) structural stiffness;

C) monolithicity of concrete (mortar) in joints and seams;

D) resistance of joints against corrosion;

E) frost resistance;

F) required resistance of seams to heat transfer, air and moisture permeability;

G) required sound insulation of the premises.

It is recommended to use the following three process diagrams to perform work on grouting of conjugation units with mortar and fine-grained or sandy concrete:

grouting of column conjugation units with foundation with fine-grained concrete;

slabs of slabs with sandy concrete;

also wall panels and various units with mortar.

The process diagram of sealing of coupling units is developed on the basis of application of non-hardening mastic UMS50, MPS, etc. Joints are sealed as a rule from the outside of the building upon completion of installation of panels of external walls.

Dlagermetisation of conjugation units with non-hardening mastic and gaskets is used pneumatic piston, mastic sleeves, mastic whitening unit, thermostat for mastic heating, gas burner complete with propanbutane cylinder, reduction gear and hoses.

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