Comprehensive course project on the theme "Three-storey 9-apartment residential building in Armavir"

Contents

Section 1. Engineering training

Contents:

1.1. Introduction

1.2. Construction Site Engineering Preparation

1.2.1. Essence and importance of engineering training

1.2.2.Onsite and onsite works

1.2.3.Geodetic layout as a way of transferring the main axes of the building to the terrain

1.3. Classification and Assignment of Utility Networks

1.4. Utility Routing Features

1.4.1. Water supply system

1.4.2. Sewerage system

1.4.3. Gas supply system

1.4.4. Power supply system

1.5. Commissioning of networks, technical supervision

1.6.Plan of Communications

1.7.Used Literature

Section 2. Architectural - construction

Contents:

2.1. Space Planning Solution

2.1.1. Space Planning Solution Description

2.1.2. Technical and economic indicators of space-planning solution

2.2. Structural diagram

2.2.1.Structural diagram

2.2.2. Bases

2.2.3. Walls

2.2.4. Partitions

2.2.5. Crossing points

2.2.6. Overlappings

2.2.7. Roof

2.2.8. Ladders

2.2.9. Doors

2.2.10. Windows

2.2.11. Floors

2.3. Specification

2.3.1. Specification of Opening Infill Features

2.3.2. Part Layout Schedule

2.3.3. Floor Explication

2.4. Building Finishes

2.4.1. Exterior decoration

2.4.2. Interior decoration

2.5. Heat Engineering Calculation of External Brick Wall

2.6. Seismic protection measures

2.7. Literature used

Section 3. Construction structures

Contents:

3.1. Load collection

3.1.1. Source Data

3.1.2. Load collection on 1m2 horizontal projection

3.2. Sizing the Foundation Floor

3.2.1. Source Data

3.2.2. Determination of load per 1 meter of foundation length

3.2.3. Define the width of the foundation floor for the exterior wall

3.2.4. Define the width of the foundation floor for the inner wall

3.3. Calculation and design of ladder flight of ribbed structure of LM 28- grade

3.3.1.The initial data

3.3.2. Calculation diagram

3.3.4. Definition of design loads

3.3.5. calculation of the normal section march

3.3.6. Calculation of Slanted Section Flight

3.3.7. Calculation of march stages

3.3.8.Compute the flight of stairs for installation loads

3.4. Literature used

Introduction

One of the important stages of building construction is the preparation of construction production. It lays the foundation for the systematic deployment of construction and installation works and the interconnected activities of all construction participants.

During this period, the issues of providing construction with design and estimate documentation, removing the site for construction, providing construction by bypass routes, electro, water, heat supply, organizing the supply of equipment, structures, materials and concluding contract and subcontract agreements, issuing permits and permits for the performance of work are resolved.

Construction Site Engineering Preparation

The essence and importance of engineering training.

Engineering training is one of the most important elements of landscaping. the development and implementation of measures for the engineering preparation of territories are inextricably linked with solving various architectural and planning tasks of construction, as well as with issues of nature protection and environmental improvement.

Any construction (facility or complex) is preceded by site preparation aimed at ensuring the necessary conditions of quality and within the established terms of erection of buildings and structures, including engineering training and engineering support.

During engineering preparation, a set of processes (works) is carried out, in the general case the most characteristic of which in the technology of construction production are the creation of a geodetic breakdown base, clearing and planning of the territory, removal of surface and ground water.

In each particular case, the composition of these processes and the methods of their implementation are regulated by natural and climatic conditions, the features of the construction site, the specifics of the buildings and structures being built, the features of the object - new construction, expansion or reconstruction, etc.

Engineering support of the construction site provides for the installation of temporary buildings, roads and networks of water, electricity, etc. The construction site will be equipped with locker rooms, a dining room, a work manufacturer's office, showers, bathrooms, warehouses for storing building materials, tools, temporary workshops, canopies, etc. For these structures, it is advisable to use part of the demolished buildings if they do not fall into the dimensions of the erected structure and will not interfere with the normal implementation of construction work, as well as inventory buildings of the wagon or block type.

For the transport of goods, the existing road network should be used as much as possible and only temporary roads should be provided if necessary.

In the preparatory period, temporary water supply lines are laid, including fire water supply, and power supply with energy supply to all consumers and places of installation of electrical mechanisms. The service room shall be provided with telephone and dispatch communications. On the construction site, a place is equipped for the repair and parking of earth-moving and other cars and cars. The site is necessarily protected or marked with appropriate signs and inscriptions.

Off-site and on-site work.

Work on preparing the facility for construction can be divided into off-site and on-site.

Off-site preparatory work includes the construction of access roads, power lines with transformer substations, water supply networks with water intake facilities, sewage collectors with treatment facilities, residential settlements for builders, necessary structures and communication devices for construction management.

On-site preparatory works include delivery and acceptance of geodetic basis for construction and geodetic survey works for laying of engineering networks, roads and erection of buildings and structures, arrangement of fencing of construction site areas during construction of an object in a settlement or on the territory of an organization, release of a construction site for construction of an object (clearing of territories, demolition of buildings, cutting and storage of plant soil, etc.), planning of territories, drainage (if it is necessary to lower the level of groundwater) and shifting of existing communications, arrangement of temporary roads, laying of networks of temporary power supply, lighting, water supply, delivery and placement on the territory of the construction site or beyond its boundaries of inventory sanitary, industrial and administrative buildings and structures, arrangement of crane tracks, places of storage of materials and structures.

Classification and assignment of utility networks.

Engineering networks are external and internal.

External utility networks include those that are not located inside the object. If we are talking about power supply systems, then external can include power lines and transformer booths, traction substations, etc. As for heat supply systems, external heating networks will be urban and intra-apartment, as well as heat points. External drainage and water supply systems are sources, hydraulic engineering stations, water supply and treatment facilities, pumps and headers, as well as intra-apartment networks. There are also outdoor lighting systems designed for streets, showcases, stands, etc., and in addition external communication networks. External gas supply systems are water pipelines and gas distribution points, pressure regulators, etc.

Internal power supply systems include house networks, the voltage of which does not exceed 380 V. Engineering systems of hot water supply and heating of buildings can also be internal, as well as drainage systems. Inside the facilities there are also air exchange and air conditioning systems for residential and public buildings. Among the internal communication engineering systems are such types as telephone network, visualization system, structured cable system, access control system and automated control system.

Features of laying utility networks.

Water supply system.

One of the necessary conditions for urban improvement is water supply. All structures of settlements located in sewer areas or having local sewers are equipped with cold and, increasingly, hot water supply systems. Building water supply systems shall provide all network facilities with the required quantity, quality and pressure. The quality of the supplied water depends on the purpose of the water supply systems. The water supply system takes into account the number of consumers and the norm of water consumption. For different categories of consumers there are their own standards.

The water supply system is a complex of engineering facilities for the intake, purification and supply of water to consumers. It includes water sources, pump stations, treatment stations, tanks, reservoirs and piping networks. Since the house will be provided with water from the city water supply, water intake and treatment facilities are not satisfied .

When laying water pipes, it is very important to provide for the preservation of the necessary water temperature in them - the water should not be too cooled and heated. Therefore, in SNiP 3.05.04 it is recommended to lay water supply networks underground. But other types of gaskets are allowed for technological and feasibility studies.

Sewerage system.

Sewerage is a complex of engineering structures, measures that ensure the reception of wastewater of all types in the places of their formations; transportation of waste water to treatment facilities; wastewater treatment and decontamination; disposal of useful substances contained in waste water and their sediments; lowering of treated wastewater into the reservoir.

There are two types of sewers - export and rafting. Since construction is underway in Armavir, and the house joins the city sewerage network, this means a rafting type of sewerage.

During fused sewage, waste water is transported through underground pipelines (headers) to treatment facilities. For the installation of the alloy sewage system, it is necessary to have an internal water supply in the buildings (the water consumption rate is at least 60 l/day per person), which provides the necessary degree of dilution of contaminants contained in waste water, to enable their transportation through pipelines.

Complex of sewage engineering facilities at alloy sewerage including buildings, which provide reception of waste water in the places of its formation and their transportation to external sewerage; external sewerage system, which includes: internal sewerage systems of administrative and residential facilities serve for transportation of waste water to treatment facilities; sewage pumping stations for effluent transfer; treatment facilities, which provide treatment, decontamination of wastewater, treatment of sediments and their disposal; discharge of wastewater for lowering of treated wastewater into the reservoir. Internal sewerage devices in buildings consist of: sewage receivers (toilets, sinks, washes, baths, urinals, washbasins, ladders, etc.); from a network of branch pipes, risers, outlets transporting waste water to wells of an external sewage network.

Each of the waste water receivers is equipped with a hydraulic gate (siphon), which prevents the premises from ingress of odors from the sewage network. Risers are installed in heated rooms and removed above the roof of buildings, which creates conditions for ventilation of the internal sewage system.

Gas supply system.

From gas control points through street networks through branches and yard wiring, gas is transferred to consumers in house gas pipelines. They always maintain a low pressure (3000 Pa). Gas enters residential and public buildings from low-pressure street gas pipelines. In the absence of street gas pipelines, the source of gas supply for a separate building or group of buildings may be a medium or high pressure gas pipeline with the mandatory installation of a regulatory point that reduces pressure.

The main elements of the internal gas pipeline networks: branches from street distribution gas pipelines, courtyard gas pipelines, inlets, wall wiring, risers, apartment gas pipelines. The branches serve to supply gas from the street gas pipeline to the house.

Inlets are sections of gas pipelines that supply gas to house risers. Before entering the base part of the building, a disconnecting device is installed. The number of branches tends to be minimized.

Yard gas pipelines (wiring) bring gas to the entrances or buildings. Currently, their role is played by wall wiring, which allows you to supply gas from one inlet to several risers. Disconnecting devices are installed at the ends of the inputs. The best places of entry are staircases.

Gas pipelines inside the building are laid out of steel pipes. Pipes are connected by welding. Threaded and flange connections are allowed in places of installation of shutoff valves, gas instruments, instrumentation and other instruments. Pipelines inside the building are open. Gas risers serve to supply gas from the inlet to the apartment wiring. Risers supply gas to apartments located above each other. They are installed in kitchens near external walls, on staircases or in corridors, passed through floors strictly vertically. It is not allowed to lay gas risers in residential premises, bathrooms and sanitary units. In the upper part of the risers end with plugs. On risers serving several floors, a disconnecting crane is installed. From the riser to the gas plate passes apartment wiring. It can include apartment inlets, dilution gas pipelines and device tolerances. The riser, designed for several floors, at the base is equipped with a disconnecting crane. In places of floors crossing, in order to avoid damage from building settlement and corrosion, risers are "dressed" in cases (sleeves) from pipes of larger diameter. The lower end of the sleeve is installed flush with the overlap, the upper end is brought out above the floor level by 5 cm. The free space is sealed with ground puckle and cement sand mortar. The same cases are arranged at the intersection of walls and partitions by gas networks.

Apartment gas wiring is designed to supply gas from risers to gas devices. When the risers are located in staircases, the wiring consists of apartment inlets, dilution gas pipelines and lowers to gas devices. The drops to the instruments are carried out plumb. In front of all gas devices, a disconnecting valve is installed on the lowers. Gas pipelines are laid only in non-residential premises.

The gas supply system of residential buildings shall be carried out in accordance with the design and in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.0887, SNiP 3.05.0288 and the Gas Safety Regulations.

The technical operation of in-house gas systems includes commissioning, connection and start-up, maintenance, adjustment and repair, monitoring the condition of ventilation and house channels. Commissioning is carried out by the commission, it checks the documentation and technical condition of the system, ventilation channels and chimneys, as well as the premises in which gas devices and gas pipelines are located.

Technical underground in which gas instruments are located shall have: room height - not less than 1.8 m; through ventilation through windows; non-combustible and gas-tight covering; two non-communicating separate entrances.

Power supply system.,

Power supply system - a set of electrical installations designed to provide consumers with electric energy.

Power supply of buildings is carried out by laying underground cable lines of CL from 2 different transformer substations of TP to ensure greater reliability in power supply.

Power supply networks go from power supply sources to distribution cabinets of WS from which electric power is supplied to network voltage consumption points of 380/220V 1 kW.

The networks are divided into supply and distribution open and closed, can be carried out according to radial, main and mixed schemes, cable (underground) are also built.

The general lighting system shall be used at the construction site, the illumination shall be not less than HLC regardless of the use of light sources.

It is advisable for the substation to be located in the center of the load with an offset towards the power supply.

It is promising to place substations in the underground space near buildings or under buildings .

Commissioning of networks, technical supervision.

Conditions for issuing for commissioning of the facility.

The following documents are attached to the application for issuing permission for commissioning of the facility (Part 3 of Article 55 of the RF GrK):

Documents with the existence of which, in accordance with the law, the fact of acquiring rights to the land plot on which the construction was carried out and the capital construction object is located is connected;

Urban planning plan of the land plot;

Construction permit;

A diagram showing the location of the constructed, reconstructed, repaired capital construction facility, the location of engineering and technical support networks within the boundaries of the land plot and the planning organization of the land plot and signed by the person carrying out the construction;

Conclusion of the state construction supervision body on compliance of the constructed, reconstructed, repaired capital construction object with the requirements of technical regulations and design documentation, conclusion of the state fire supervision body on compliance of the constructed, reconstructed, repaired capital construction object with the requirements of technical regulations and design documentation;

Transfer, free of charge, to the authority issuing the construction permit, information on the capital construction facility, on the engineering and technical support networks, one copy of a copy of the results of engineering surveys and one copy of the results of engineering surveys and one copy of copies of sections of design documentation .

Certificate of acceptance of capital construction facility;

Document confirming compliance of the constructed, reconstructed, repaired capital construction facility with the requirements of technical regulations and signed by the constructor;

Document confirming compliance of parameters of the constructed, reconstructed repaired capital construction facility with the design documentation and signed by the constructor;

Documents confirming compliance of the constructed, reconstructed, repaired capital construction facility with the specifications and signed by representatives of organizations operating engineering support networks.

Technical supervision over the laying of utility networks is carried out using geodetic survey. As-built geodetic survey of underground utility networks should be performed before their backfilling. Exceptions are gravity sewage, as-built survey of which is performed after filling of trenches and hydraulic testing of pipes.

As-built survey of utilities is performed from plan-height justification. If there are clearly defined contours of capital buildings, foundations, reinforced concrete fences in the built-up area, they can be used as a justification.

From solid points of capital development horizontal survey is performed by linear marks, method of perpendicular and method of slats.

All underground structures crossing the gasket or running in parallel with it, opened trenches are subject to mandatory survey. Simultaneously with the survey of utility elements, all buildings adjacent to the passage or gasket routes must be removed.

During the survey, data are collected on the number of gaskets, holes, material of pipes, wells, channels, sizes of diameters of pipes and channels, pressure in gas and voltage in cable networks.

Hatches of wells, trays of sewage, drainage and drainage wells, floor of channels of heating networks, telephone and electric cable networks are leveled, in non-cold gaskets - angles of route rotation and points of profile fracture. For pipelines, the pipe top elevations in all structures and chambers are defined.

Based on the results of the survey of underground utility networks, executive drawings should be drawn up, as a rule, on the scale of the corresponding working drawings, reflecting the planned and high-altitude position of the newly laid utility networks, that is, the communication route plan and the longitudinal profile along the axis of the structure.

During acceptance of utility networks, representatives of the customer's technical supervision should perform a control geodetic survey to verify compliance of the constructed utility networks with their display on the contractor's as-built drawings.

Technical and economic indicators of space-planning solution

Quantitative indicators

Construction volume Vstr = 3033.23 m3

Building area A stall = 269.74 m2

Total area A total = 616.71 m2

Living area A lived = 348.78 m2

Quality indicators

Factor characterizing expediency of building layout K1 = 0.57

Factor expressing expediency of space-planning solution of building K2 = 8.69

Design Solutions

2.2.1.Structural diagram.

Structural diagram of this building - with longitudinal bearing walls and round-empty reinforced concrete slabs of floors. Spatial rigidity in vertical plane is provided by dressing of masonry of longitudinal load-bearing walls and transverse self-bearing walls and reinforcement by mating grids of walls. The spatial rigidity in the horizontal plane is provided with a horizontal disk of plates of the overlappings tied with a reinforced concrete aseismic belt and zaankerovanny in it and among themselves, embedment of joints between plates.

2.2.2. Bases.

The foundations for the building are tape, prefabricated reinforced concrete. Elevation of foundation bottom bottom -2.5m. Protection of floor and basement walls against soil moisture is achieved by device of vertical waterproofing along surface located in the level of basement and dressing waterproofing of vertical surfaces in contact with soil.

2.2.3. Walls.

External walls brick complex structure 560 mm thick with insulation located between brickwork. Insulation - "URSA XPS NIII" 60 mm thick, attached to the brick wall with adhesive composition for gluing heat insulation, then masonry 120 mm thick from the facing hollow brick "Markinsky" light beige color.

The external structural wall reference is 90 mm, the self-supporting wall reference is zero. Internal brick walls 380 mm thick, central reference.

2.2.4. Partitions.

Gypsum concrete partitions with a thickness of 80 mm, inter-apartment partitions with a thickness of 200 mm.

2.2.5. Crossing points.

The project provides for monolithic reinforced concrete bridges.

2.2.6. Overlappings.

Floor slabs - reinforced concrete round-empty in the series 1.14119С.

2.2.7. Roof.

The design provides for a flat combined unvented roof with an internal drain. The roof is made of Linocrom Tropic roll material.

Coating design:

Linocrom - Tropic K coating layer -4

Three Linocrom - Tropic P coating layers - 10

Cement - sand brace - 40

Insulation "RUFBATSS" - 120

Paroisol layer on bitumen mastic -3

Concrete slab slab -220

2.2.8. Ladders.

Precast reinforced concrete marches and platforms according to 1.1511C series and 1.152.1C series.

2.2.9. Doors.

External doors: to the entrance, to the basement, to the apartments - metal, made on an individual order. Metal plastic internal doors are also custom-made. Balcony doors metal plastic, made on individual order.

2.2.10. Windows.

Metal plastic windows are made on an individual order.

2.2.11. Floors.

The following types of floors are provided: in residential rooms - laminate, in kitchens, hallways, bathrooms, on loggia and balconies - from ceramic tiles, in the technical underground - cement.

Building Finishes

2.4.1.Discovery finish.

Lining the basement with facade tiles, plastering of antiseismic belts and their painting with water-emulsion paint with the addition of color.

2.4.2.Internal finish.

Walls and partitions are plastered, seams are masted, walls and ceilings are paired. In the hallway, in the rooms, the walls are painted with water-emulsion colors with the addition of color. In kitchens, part of the wall is lined with glazed tiles to a height of 1.5 m, the rest is painted with water-emulsion paints with coloring. In bathrooms and bathrooms - glazed tiles to the entire height of the room. Ceilings in all rooms are painted with water emulsion paint.

Seismic protection measures

Seismicity of the construction site 7 points.

2.6.1.The horizontal waterproofing layer is made of waterproof cement-sand mortar M100 at elevation 0.35.

2.6.2.Remost in around the building with width of 1.5 m.

2.6.3.Armoured antiseismic seam 50 mm thick, longitudinal reinforcement 3Ø10AI and transverse Ø6AI step 400 shall be arranged on the top of the foundation slab.

2.6.4.The basement wall units are laid with dressing of rows for 1/3 of the length.

2.6.5.Kirpich of M75 brand. Masonry of category 4 walls according to its resistance to seismic impacts with chain dressing of seams performed on mixed solutions of M50 grade. In conjugations of walls in masonry it is designed to lay reinforcement grids with longitudinal reinforcement Ø4 BpI, transverse Ø3 BpI with spacing of 400 mm, length of 1.5 m in 700 mm in height .

2.6.6.An antiseismic belt is installed in the level of floor slabs. The antiseismic belt has longitudinal working reinforcement 4Ø10AI and transverse reinforcement Ø6AI in step 400.In the outer facing part of the wall, an antiseismic belt with longitudinal working reinforcement 2Ø10AI and transverse Ø6AI in step 400 is also arranged. External and internal antiseismic belts are connected by means of reinforcement outlets.

2.6.7. Stairways are anchored in monolithic reinforced concrete seismoires. Stair elements are stacked together using embedded parts.

Load collection

3.1.1The initial data.

The construction site is Armavir, Krasnodar Territory. Snow construction area - I, according to SNKK 203032002, design snow load p = 0.9 kPa. Roof - combined ventilated, roof slabs - prefabricated reinforced concrete ribbed, roof - roll.

Sizing the Foundation Floor

3.2.1. Source data.

The foundations are full-time prefabricated reinforced concrete, continuous in length. The elevation of the bottom of the foundation floor is taken to be 2.5 m. Depth of laying under external walls d1 = 1.25 m, depth of laying under internal walls d2 = 0.6 m. Depth of ground freezing - 0, 8m, Base are moraine sandy soils of 3 groups, thickness of layer 3, 85m, groundwater not found.