Diploma project of housing estate in Surgut

Contents

Contents:

1. Architectural and construction solutions

1.1 Architectural, planning and structural solutions

1.1.1 Initial data

1.1.2 Space planning solutions

1.1.3 Design Solution

1.1.3.1 Foundations

1.1.3.2 Walls

1.1.3.3 Thermal design of the outer wall

1.1.3.4 Overlaps

1.1.3.5 Floors

1.1.3.6 Windows and doors

1.1.3.7 Coatings

1.1.3.8 Thermal calculation of the coating plate

1.1.3.9 Jumpers

1.1.3.10 Stairs

1.1.3.11 Communications

1.1.4 Technical and economic indicators

1.2 Building Structures and Foundations

1.2.1 Above ground structures

1.2.1.2 Load collection

1.2.1.3 Calculation results

1.2.1.4 Summary of calculation procedure

1.2.1.5 Reading calculation results

1.2.2 Foundations and Foundations

1.2.2.1 Assessment of engineering and geological conditions of construction

platforms

1.2.2.2 Foundation depth

1.2.2.3 Selection of type of piles and purpose of their length

1.2.2.4 Calculation of pile bearing capacity

1.2.2.5 Load collection

1.2.2.6 Determination of pile quantity in pile foundation in

pile foundation and pile structure

1.2.2.7 Calculation of pile foundation settlement

1.2.2.8 Selection of hammer for pile diving

1.2.2.9 Determination of design failure of piles

2. Organization and technology of construction production

2.1 Organizational Part

2.1.1 Analysis of architectural and planning solution of the building

2.1.2 Justification of standard construction duration

2.1.3 Preparation of the Bill of Quantities and Labour

2.1.4 Drawing up the Network Work Master Card

2.1.5 Integrated Network Design at Scale

2.1.6 Calculation of network parameters

2.1.7 Design of construction site arrival schedule

structures, materials, parts and equipment

2.1.8 Delivery of building structures

2.1.9 Delivery of materials for roofing, carpentry,

finishing works

2.1.10 Delivery of materials for special works

2.1.11 Design of working personnel traffic schedule for

to object

2.1.12 Design of construction machinery traffic schedule and

Mekhanizmov

2.1.13 Design of the object construction plan

2.1.14 Cross-reference of the tower crane near the building

2.1.15 Definition of crane hazardous areas

2.1.16 Calculation of the need for temporary administrative and domestic services

buildings

2.1.17 Organization of warehousing

2.1.18 Design of temporary power supply

2.1.19 Calculation of water demand

2.1.20 Technical and economic indicators of the construction plan

2.2 Process Part

2.2.1 Scope of application of Job Instruction

2.2.2 Procedure and organization of works performance

2.2.3 Preparatory works

2.2.4 Reinforcement works

2.2.5 Formwork

2.2.6 Selection of formwork

2.2.7 BoQ per floor

2.2.8 Calculation of labor and machine time costs per

floor

2.2.9 Selection of machines and equipment

2.2.10 Calculation of means of concrete mixture delivery

3. Estimate documentation

3.1 Preparation of local estimate by base-index method

3.1.1 Procedure for preparation of local estimate by base-index

by method

3.2 Preparation of the object estimate

4. Safety and Environmental Friendliness of Design Solutions

4.1 Analysis of potential dangers and vrednost and possible ways

their elimination during operation

4.2 Calculation of artificial lighting of the construction site

4.3 Environmental analysis of the project

5. System of assessment and quality control of construction products in

ZapSibInterstroy LLC

5.1 Organization of external quality control of construction

products

5.1.1 Customer technical supervision

5.1.2 Author supervision of design organizations

5.1.3 Inspection of Architectural and Construction Control

5.1.4 State Mining Technical Supervision

5.1.5 State Fire Supervision

5.1.6 State sanitary supervision

5.2 Organization of internal quality control of construction

products

5.2.1 Organization of incoming control

5.2.2 Organization of operational control

5.2.3 Organization of acceptance control

5.3 Construction Product Quality Assessment System

5.4 Evaluation of material stimulation of construction quality

products

6. List of used literature

Architectural part

1.1.2 Volume-planning solutions

In plan, the building has dimensions: a long 65.34 m and a width of 19.39 m. The maximum height of the building is 59.7 m.

The building of the residential building has 17 floors and consists of 2 block sections. On the 1st floor of both sections there is a commercial part, on the 2nd floor of both sections there is an office part. At each level of sections (from 317 floors) there are apartments of various structures, from 1 to 4 room apartments, on the upper floors there are two-level penthouse apartments. The kitchens of the apartments are equipped with exhaust ventilation, washing and electric stove.

The entrance to the residential building is made with a tambour and with the installation of heating devices, both in the tambour and on the stairwell, is provided from the courtyard, which does not ensure the intersection of human flows of residents and employees built on the 1st and 2nd floors of the premises, also creates a more convenient delimitation of the open parking lot for office and guest vehicles .

The layout of the building provides for 4 entrances to the basement. On the basement there are rooms of the heat unit, water metering unit, electrical panel.

Constructive solution

Structural diagram of the building is framed. The building is designed with a monolithic reinforced concrete frame and monolithic reinforced concrete slabs of floor and covering 220 mm thick. The overall stability of the building is ensured by the joint work of monolithic reinforced concrete columns and slab discs.

1.1.3.1 Foundations

The foundation is the lower parts of the building, which are designed to transfer and distribute the load from the building to the ground. They must meet the following requirements: have strength and stability against overturning and sliding in the plane of the sole, resist the influence of groundwater and aggressive waters, atmospheric factors, meet the life expectancy of the building, be industrial and economical to manufacture. The foundation of this building is piled. Reinforced concrete piles with a section of 300x300 mm. A monolithic pedestal is arranged on top of the piles, geometric dimensions are taken according to the calculation in the section "Bases and Foundations." The depth of laying is determined by calculations in the section "Bases and foundations."

1.1.3.2 Walls

External walls protect rooms from external space. Walls are subject to a number of requirements: they must have sufficient strength, stability, provide the necessary heat transfer resistance, durability and fire resistance must meet the designed class of buildings, there must also be the necessary sound protection qualities and as little weight as possible.

The external walls of the basement floor are monolithic railway with insulation on the external surface and a pressure wall made of full ceramic brick.

The external walls of the building are made of 200 mm thick aerated concrete blocks (GOST 2152089) with an insulated ventilated facade. In addition, insulation is provided along the perimeter of the areas of adjoining the window blocks to the walls.

Partitions - gas concrete blocks with a thickness of 200mm (GOST 2152089) and brick blocks with a thickness of 120mm. The walls of the staircase are monolithic reinforced concrete with a thickness of 200mm. Ventilation ducts and elevator shafts are made of ceramic brick.

1.1.3.6 Windows and doors

Windows are used to illuminate rooms with natural light and to ventilate. Windows - from three-chamber glass panes in metal-plastic bindings with a soft selective coating 1150, 1194, 1200 and 1410 mm long, and 1400, 1716 mm high.

Doors are used to communicate between adjacent spaces or between spaces and exterior space. Doors are used both single-floor and double-floor, with a size of 2.1 m high and 1.5; 0,91; 0,81; 0.71 m. width.

To avoid opening the door or flapping, special spring devices are installed that keep the door closed and smoothly return the door to a closed state without impact. Doors are equipped with handles, latches and tie-in locks.

1.1.3.7 Coatings

The roof completes the building and protects it from precipitation. In the designed building, the roof is attic. The roof is designed to be flat from reinforced concrete slabs with waterproofing welded and glued with bitumen, which is 1.5 times less laborious than sloping attic roofs and 1015% cheaper than them.

1.1.3.9 Jumpers

Straps used in the building prefabricated reinforced concrete. Depending on the location, the jumpers have different dimensions in plan. It is necessary to ensure that the jumpers laid in the case correspond to the design ones .

1.1.3.10 Stairs

To communicate the floors, stairs are arranged. The structure of the two-march staircase consists of a monolithic flight of stairs and monolithic intermediate platforms. The metal elements of the ladder are connected by welding (railing). Series 1.05.094.938.1. Installation of stair elements shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.03.0187.

1.1.3.11 Communications

Water supply, drainage and heating of the building are carried out by connecting to existing highways. The building is equipped with a cold and hot water supply system.

1.1.4 Technical and economic indicators

The economic performance of residential buildings is determined by their volumetric planning and structural solutions, the nature and organization of sanitary equipment. An important role is played by the ratio of living and utility areas designed in the apartment, the height of the room, the location of sanitary units and kitchen equipment. Residential projects have the following indicators:

construction volume (m cubic meters) (including underground part),

building area (m2),

total area (m2),

living area (m2).

K - the ratio of living space to total area, characterizes the rationality of the use of space.

K - the ratio of the construction volume to the total area, characterizes the rationality of the use of the volume.

Construction volume of aboveground part of residential building is defined as product of area of horizontal section to level of first floor above basement (on external faces of walls) to height measured from level of floor of first floor to upper area of heat-insulating layer of attic floor.

The building volume of the underground part of the building is defined as the product of the area of horizontal section along the external contour of the building at the level of the first floor, at the level above the basement, to the height from the floor of the basement to the floor of the first floor.

The construction volume of tambours, loggias placed in the dimensions of the building is included in the total volume.

The total volume of the building with the basement is determined by the sum of the volumes of its underground and above-ground parts. The building area is calculated as the horizontal section area of the building at the basement level, including all protruding parts and covered (porch, verandahs, terraces).

The living area of the apartment is defined as the sum of the areas of the living rooms plus the kitchen area over 8 m2.

The total area of ​ ​ apartments is calculated as the sum of the areas of residential and utility rooms, apartments, verandahs, built-in cabinets, loggia, balconies, and terraces, calculated with reducing factors:

for loggia - 0.5,

for balconies and terraces - 0.3.

Area of rooms is measured between surfaces of walls and partitions at floor level. The area of the entire residential building is defined as the sum of the floor areas measured within the interior surfaces of the exterior walls, including the balcony and loggia. The area of ​ ​ staircases and various mines is also included in the floor area.

1.2 Building Structures and Foundations

1.2.2 Foundations and Foundations

1.2.2.1 Assessment of engineering and geological conditions of the construction site

Geomorphologically, the survey site is located within the first floodplain terrace and floodplain of the Ob River.

Modern man-made formations (bulk soil), as well as sandy-clay alluvial deposits of the Upper Quaternary age (dust and fine sand, loam) take part in the geological structure of the section of the designed construction site.

A newly formed layer of bulk soil, represented by fine sand with sandwich layers, is distributed from the surface on most of the site of the designed construction. Below this layer, and in some areas from the surface lies a later layer of bulk soil represented by sand fine, household and construction debris. The average ratio of sand to garbage is 9:1. Thickness of bulk soil layer is 0.52.6m; layer is formed as a result of displacements and dry indistinct filling of soil and debris.

Below the layer of bulk soil, a geological section is formed by sand

shallow and dusty medium density. Medium dust sand

density includes sandy sandy layers. Thickness of sandy plies 0.35.0

cm, up to 10 layers per meter of depth of geological section.

The middle and lower part of the geological section of the survey site are formed mainly by fine sand of medium and dense degree of addition.

Hydrogeological conditions of the site are characterized by the presence of a single aquifer of groundwater, opened at a depth of 1,84.6m. (absolute elevations 34.4235.51 m.).

Water-containing rocks are fine and dusty sands. According to the chemical composition, the groundwater is hydrocarbonate chloride-sodium-calcium, fresh.

As a result of analysis of survey materials, 5 engineering and geological elements (EGE) were identified.

EGE-1 Bulk soil: fine sand, construction and household garbage.

EGE-2 Bulk soil: fine sand with sandy sandy layers.

EGE-3 Fine sand of medium density of medium degree of water saturation and saturated with water.

EGE-4 Dust sand with medium density, medium degree of water saturation and saturated with water.

EGE-5 Fine sand dense with water.

Values of physical characteristics of soils are determined as a result of laboratory tests and are listed in Table 1. Groundwater opened at a depth of 1,84.6 m; absolute elevations of the level of groundwater established during the survey period: 33.4435.51 m. According to the chemical composition, the groundwater is hydrocarbonate chloride sodium calcium, fresh. In relation to structures of normal permeability concrete located in soils with Kf more than 0.1m/day, according to SNiP 2.03.1185, underground water is weakly aggressive in terms of aggressive carbon dioxide content. With respect to metal structures, groundwater is medium aggressive in terms of hydrogen and the total concentration of sulphates and chlorides (SNiP 2.03.1185). Corrosive activity of soils IGE1, EGE-2, IGE3 and IGE4 in relation to carbon steel is medium. Soils above the level of groundwater do not show aggressive properties in relation to reinforced concrete. According to the degree of frost hazard, IGE1, EGE-2 and IGE3 soils belong to practically unpowered soils, IGE4 soil refers to weakly pubescent soils, with a degree of water saturation (Sr) less than 0.8 d.ee. and to medium-carbohydrate at Sr more than 0.8 d.u.

1.2.2.3 Selection of type of piles and purpose of their length

When selecting the length of piles, it is necessary to follow the data of engineering-geological section and soil properties that make up engineering-geological section. Based on these data, the bearing layer of soil is selected. Layer No. 5 is chosen as the support layer, since this layer has sufficient strength characteristics.

We accept piles of continuous square section with not strained longitudinal fittings (in accordance with GOST 19804.179) C1030.

Organization and technology of construction production

2.2 Process Part

2.2.1 Scope of application of Job Instruction

The process chart is being developed for the construction of a monolithic reinforced concrete frame of a 17-story residential building in Surgut. Concrete heavy, natural hardening, class B25. All works are performed in accordance with the PDP and working drawings. Concreting is carried out in two shifts. Commencement of work in March .

2.2.2 Procedure and organization of works performance

The technological process for the construction of a monolithic reinforced concrete frame includes formwork, reinforcement, concrete and auxiliary works.

2.2.3 Preparatory works

Before receiving the concrete mixture, the territory of the object, access roads, places of concrete unloading are prepared. The formwork area preparatory for concreting is covered overnight with tarpaulin or film materials. Tools and electric welding apparatus are prepared. Using measuring tools, the position of the formwork, reinforcement, the presence of a protective layer near the reinforcement, the stability of the reinforcement frames and formwork elements are checked. Provide sanitary working conditions and safety requirements.

2.2.4 Reinforcement works

Flat frames are manufactured at rebar plants or workshops and supplied to the construction site in a set. Frames are supplied in packages.

The second-discharge fitter builds a package and instructs the crane driver to move. The third-level fitter receives the packet and releases the slings.

Reinforcement elements are installed in design position, braced, rods are welded and knitted.

In order to provide protective layer in structures of reinforcement frames there are provided plastic fixators, which are put on reinforcement bars.

2.2.5 Formwork

For concreting of the pile pile, small-shield metal formwork of the company "KRAMOSIengineering" is used. It has a small number of different elements that provide greater turnover and low weight. Any joints of panels are solved by the same binding part, which saves time for installation.

Support parts of the formwork are placed on the base, which excludes their subsidence. Upon completion of installation, the correct installation of the load-bearing and supporting elements, as well as the panels of the formwork itself, is checked.

The surface of the formwork before laying the concrete mixture is lubricated with special compositions that reduce its adhesion to concrete.

Dismantling is carried out when concrete reaches decay strength.

Formwork removal methods shall prevent damage to surfaces and structural integrity.

Prior to installation of formwork, arrangement of longitudinal and transverse axes of foundation is adjusted by means of plumb. Then beacons are set, which are clogged to the level with the base, hairlines indicating the position of the working plane of the shields are applied to the beacons with paint.

Formwork is assembled for the entire height of the foundation: first, lighthouses are installed, which are combined with heavy fasteners, after which ordinary shields are installed. Beams (girders) are laid on the lower belt of the shields, which are fixed with straps, thereby providing geometric invariability and rigidity of the structure .

Formwork is dismantled in reverse order.

2.2.9 Selection of machines and equipment

The concrete mixture is delivered centrally by KrAZ25651 dump truck.

Technical characteristics of KrAZ-25651:

geometric volume of the body - 7.2 m3;

volume of the mixture transported - 3 m3;

carrying capacity - 10000 kg.

Concrete pump SB161 is used to supply concrete mixture to the place of laying.

Supply range:

vertical 70 m

horizontally 350

Internal diameter of concrete duct 150 mm

Capacity of intake hopper 0.6 m3

Consolidation happens the superficial IV98A vibrator, the external VP9 vibrator, CO199 vibrolath.

Technical characteristics of the superficial IV-98A vibrator:

oscillation frequency - 50 Hz;

electric motor power - 0.55 kW;

voltage - 40 V;

Overall dimensions:

- length - 380 mm;

- width - 235 mm;

- height - 245 mm.

Weight - 21 kg.

Technical characteristics of VP-9 external vibrator:

oscillation frequency - 200 Hz;

electric motor power - 0.55 kW;

voltage - 40 V;

Overall dimensions:

- length - 190 mm;

- width - 95 mm;

- height - 65 mm.

Weight - 2.7 kg.

The formwork and hole formers are supplied by the tower crane KB674. Technical specifications:

Lifting capacity - 12.5 tons.

The smallest departure is 3.5 m.

The lifting height at the lowest departure is 83 m.

Gauge - 7.5 m.

Base - 7.5 m.

Scientific part

2.3.1.1Technical supervision of the customer.

Technical supervision of the customer is carried out over the volume and quality of construction and installation works throughout the construction period.

The main tasks of technical supervision are: monitoring compliance with design solutions, construction deadlines and requirements of regulatory documents, including the quality of construction and installation work, compliance with the planned and actual cost of construction.

In accordance with the main tasks, employees performing technical supervision are assigned the following duties:

- control over compliance of construction and installation works, used structures, products, materials and supplied equipment with design solutions, requirements of construction codes and rules, standards, technical specifications and other regulatory documents;

- taking timely measures and monitoring the elimination of identified defects in the design estimates, its revision (if necessary) and preventing an unreasonable increase in the estimated cost of construction;

- checking the availability of documents certifying the quality of structures, products and materials used in construction (technical passports, certificates, laboratory test results, etc.);

- monitoring of geodetic works during construction; examination and assessment, together with employees of construction and installation organizations, of performed works and structural elements concealed during performance of subsequent works, as well as provision of requirements for prohibition of further works prior to execution of certificates for examination of hidden works;

- participation in inspections of the condition and compliance with the design of equipment coming for installation, in the assessment of its installation quality, comprehensive testing and acceptance carried out by the state supervision, construction control and State inspection bodies;

- control over compliance of volumes and quality of design and estimate documentation performed and submitted for payment for construction and installation works;

- accounting of volumes and cost of accepted and paid construction and installation works, as well as volumes and cost of low-quality construction and installation works performed by the contracting organization and costs for elimination of defects and alterations;

- control of availability and correctness of primary as-built technical documentation (execution diagrams of instrumental survey of mounted structures, parts of buildings, structures and engineering communications, general and special work logs) and introduction of changes to it due to identified defects and defects during construction and installation works;

- control over execution by construction and installation organizations of instructions and instructions of author's supervision and state construction control bodies, as well as requirements of technical supervision of the customer related to issues of quality of construction and installation works performed and used structures, products, materials and equipment, ensuring timely elimination of defects and deficiencies identified during acceptance of certain types of work, structural elements of buildings, structures and objects as a whole;

- participation in performance by working commissions (acceptance commissions) of quality checks of separate structures and assemblies, types of construction and installation works, equipment and mechanisms at their acceptance;

- participation in inspection of objects, buildings and structures subject to preservation, and in preparation of documentation for preservation or temporary cessation of construction of enterprises, buildings and structures, as well as in assessment of technical condition of objects when transferring them to construction and installation organizations for continuation of work;

- notification of state construction control bodies on all cases of emergency condition at construction facilities and scope of accident elimination works.

Employees of the customer (directorates, JCS, UCS), allocated as technical supervision, bear administrative and criminal liability for violation of the technical specifications for the performance of work and construction legislation in the same order as the foreman leading the construction.

Currently, in ZapSibInterstroy LLC, the customer's functions are performed by employees of his own combustion chamber, i.e. the external control of the customer over the contracting organization is performed by an employee of the same organization, which is a violation of the independence of this type of supervision. This service monitors the work performed periodically visiting the facilities, as well as when accepting the work from the contractor. Acceptance of works is performed by acceptance of as-built documentation, certificates for materials and signing of interest on performed works. After that, the work performed can be paid. When drawing up acts for hidden work, the representative of the ROKS is not always present, which allows the foreman (or master) to enter design data into the act, not actual, but design data. I.e. there is a violation of the rules for the preparation of documentation for the accounting of works. This situation is due to the fact that the entire scope of work carried out to supervise the construction and construction work, which is more than 20 objects, covers only two of the OKS own employees.

2.3.1.2 Author supervision of design organizations.

Author supervision of design organizations is introduced in order to improve the quality, reduce the duration of construction and reduce the cost of construction, as well as increase the responsibility of design, construction organizations and customers for the quality of introduced objects. Author supervision is one of the types of services provided to the customer in accordance with the contract by the developer of detailed documentation for the construction of the facility. Author supervision is mandatory during construction on permafrost soils, subsidence soils and in seismic areas. In all other cases, this type of oversight is advisory .

Author supervision is carried out on the basis of the contract and is carried out, as a rule, during the entire period of construction and commissioning of the facility, and in cases of necessity and initial period of its operation. The terms of work on the author's supervision are established by the schedule attached to the contract or administrative document. It is carried out by specialists - developers of working documentation appointed by the management of the organization. As a rule, the chief architect or chief engineer of the project is appointed the head of the specialists who carry out the author's supervision. The appointment of the head and specialists responsible for the author's supervision is made by the order of the organization and is communicated to the customer, who informs about the decision of the contractor and the State Architectural and Construction Supervision bodies.

Specialists performing author supervision go to the construction site for intermediate acceptance of critical structures and examination of hidden works within the timeframe stipulated by the schedule, as well as on a special call of the customer or contractor in accordance with the contract (administrative document). The head of the author's supervision issues a task to specialists and coordinates their work to conduct author's supervision at the facility.

The Customer is obliged to provide specialists who carry out author supervision with equipped office premises, means of communication, transport, etc., in accordance with the contract.

During the author's supervision of the construction of the facility, the author's supervision journal is regularly maintained, which is compiled by the designer and transferred to the customer. The logbook shall be designed as per GOST 2.105. The log must be numbered, trimmed, signed on the cover sheet and sealed with the customer's seal. The log is handed over by the customer to the contractor and is located on the construction site until its completion. The log is filled in by the head or specialists performing author supervision, the customer and the authorized person of the contractor. After completion of construction, the contractor shall hand over the log to the customer.

Every visit to the construction site by specialists is registered in the log. The record of the work performed on the author's supervision shall be certified by the signatures of the responsible representatives of the customer and the contractor. The record is also made if there are no comments. The records and instructions of specialists are clearly set out, with the necessary references to existing building codes and regulations, state standards, technical specifications.

The contractor must correct the comments made in the log. In case of non-correction of comments, the organization carrying out the author's supervision has the right to submit a proposal to the State Architectural and Construction Supervision bodies and other architectural and urban planning bodies on the suspension of construction and installation works performed with revealed violations in necessary cases, and taking measures to prevent violation of copyright on the work of architecture in accordance with the law.

The duties of the organization carrying out the author's supervision include: - selective verification of the compliance of the construction and installation work with the working documentation and the requirements of construction codes and regulations;

- selective control over the quality and compliance with the work technology related to ensuring the reliability, strength, stability and durability of structures and installation of technological and engineering equipment;

- timely resolution of issues related to the need to make changes to the working documentation in accordance with the requirements of GOST 21.101, and performance control;

- facilitating familiarization of construction and installation workers and customer representatives with design and working documentation.

- informing the customer about untimely and poor-quality implementation of instructions of specialists performing author supervision to take prompt measures to eliminate the identified deviations from working documentation and violations of regulatory documents requirements;

- Participation:

• in the examination of subsequent structures of work concealed by the construction, the quality of which depends on the strength, stability, reliability and durability of buildings and structures under construction;

• in acceptance during construction of separate critical structures.

- regular logging and performance of other works and services specified in the contract.

In the city of Tomsk, the implementation of author supervision is not necessary, although the city is located in the seismic zone. This is due to the fact that the probability of an earthquake is very small, about once every 5,000 years. And today, author supervision is carried out only at the request of the customer and on the basis of the contract. As for ZapSibInterstroy LLC, contracts for the implementation of author supervision are selectively concluded for the most serious objects. And in accordance with the contract, the duties of the organization conducting author supervision include only selective verification of the compliance of construction works carried out during a visit to the facility with fundamental design solutions that affect the main technical and aesthetic indicators of the facility.

2.3.1.3 Inspection of architectural and construction control.

In the Tyumen region, the functions of inspection of architectural and construction control are entrusted to the State architectural and construction supervision of the Tyumen region. The State Archive Construction Supervision of the Tyumen Region is a unified system for monitoring the compliance of construction participants with the normative level of quality, construction safety and operational reliability of facilities under construction and completed by construction, as well as the production of building materials, products and structures carried out in order to protect the interests and rights of consumers of construction products and products of the construction materials industry. The State Archstroynadzor carries out selective inspection control over construction, as well as prepares a conclusion on the readiness of facilities for commissioning and participates in the work of the State Acceptance Commission. The bodies of the State Archstroynadzor monitor compliance with construction standards and rules and other regulatory and technical documentation. If any violations are identified during the inspection, an order is issued and a deadline is given for correcting the violation, or penalties are immediately taken. In case of non-compliance with the order, the management of the construction organization is invited to draw up a protocol on an administrative offense. Inspectors of this supervision have the right to take penalties under articles 9.4, 9.5, 19.4 part 1, 19.5 part 1, 19.6, 19.7. Administrative Code of the Russian Federation. Article 9.4 "Violations of regulatory documents in the field of construction": 1. violation of mandatory requirements of state standards, technical conditions, building codes and rules, approved projects, other regulatory documents in the field of construction during engineering surveys, design, construction and installation works, as well as during the production of building materials, structures and products - entails an administrative fine - on citizens in the amount of five to ten minimum wages; for officials - from ten to twenty minimum wages; for legal entities from one hundred to two hundred minimum wages ;

2. the same actions, resulting in the loss of load capacity of buildings of structures and their components, or a decrease in the strength parameters of manufactured building materials, structures and products - entail the imposition of an administrative fine on citizens in the amount of ten to fifteen minimum wages; for officials from twenty to thirty minimum wages; for legal entities from two hundred to three hundred minimum wages.

Article 9.5 "Violation of the established procedure for the construction of facilities, acceptance, commissioning":

1. construction without permits of buildings and structures of production and non-production purpose, including residential buildings, as well as objects of individual construction - imposes an administrative fine on citizens in the amount of three to five minimum wages; for officials - from five to ten minimum wages; for legal entities - from fifty to one hundred minimum wages.

2. violation of the rules for the acceptance and commissioning of facilities, including the settlement of residential buildings and the use of civil and industrial facilities without issuing commissioning documents in accordance with the established procedure - entails the imposition of an administrative fine on citizens in the amount of five to ten minimum wages; for officials - from ten to twenty minimum wages; for legal entities - from one hundred to two hundred minimum wages.

3. violation of the procedure for issuing architectural and planning tasks and building permits - entails an administrative fine on officials in the amount of ten to twenty minimum wages.

Article 19.4 "Disobedience to a lawful order of an official of a body carrying out state supervision (control)":

1. disobedience to the lawful order of the official of the body conducting state supervision (control), as well as obstruction of the official's performance of official duties - entails a warning or imposition of an administrative fine on citizens in the amount of five to ten minimum wages; for officials - from ten to twenty minimum wages.

Article 19.5 "Failure to comply within the prescribed time period with the lawful prescription (decision, submission) of the body (official) carrying out state supervision (control":

1. failure to comply within the prescribed period with the legal order (decision, submission) of the body (official) exercising state supervision (control) to eliminate violations of the law - entails the imposition of an administrative fine on citizens in the amount of three to five minimum wages; for officials - from five to ten minimum wages; for legal entities - from fifty to one hundred minimum wages.

Article 19.6 "Failure to take measures to eliminate the causes and conditions conducive to the commission of an administrative offence":

- Failure to adopt, by order (submission) of the body (official) that has considered the case of an administrative offence, measures to eliminate the causes and conditions that contributed to the commission of an administrative offence - imposes an administrative fine on officials in the amount of three to five times the minimum wage.

Article 19.7 "Failure to provide information (information)":

- Non-submission or late submission to a public authority (official) information (information) provided by law and necessary for implementation by this authority (by an official) of his legal activity, as well as submission to the state body (to the official) of such information (information) in incomplete or distorted form, except in the cases provided for in articles 19.8, 19.19 of the Administrative Code - imposes an administrative fine on citizens in the amount of one to three minimum wages; for officials - from three to five minimum wages; for legal entities - from thirty to fifty minimum wages.

This supervision also has the right to suspend construction.

If we consider the activities of ARKHSTROYNADZOR in relation to ZapSibInterstroy LLC, then for the period from the second half of last year and the beginning of the current one, 4 instructions were issued for the lack of a construction permit, 2 for violation of SNiP requirements and 1 fine for the lack of a construction permit .

2.3.1.4. State mining technical supervision.

GOSGORTEKHNADZOR (supervision of safe work) - supervises lifting facilities. Direct state supervision and control is carried out by state inspectors (chief state inspectors).

The basis for the organization and implementation of supervisory activities are systematic inspections (checks) of the safety condition during the operation of lifting facilities. When inspecting and checking the safety condition during the operation of lifting facilities, not only violations of the requirements of the rules and operating instructions of the equipment should be revealed, but also the causes and conditions leading to these violations. Inspector of GOSGORTEKHNADZOR checks the condition of lifting facilities, as well as the availability of a register of periodic inspection of removable load-lifting devices and containers, the project for the production (organization) of construction and installation works with lifting cranes (compliance of cranes with the conditions for construction and installation work on lifting capacity, hook lifting height and departure; compliance with the requirements of the rules of dimensions of cranes approaching buildings, cargo storage places, power lines, places of movement of urban transport and pedestrians; conformity of load-gripping devices and containers to transported goods; availability of cargo slinging schemes; compliance with the requirements of the rules in cases of lifting of cargo simultaneously by several cranes. On a selective basis at the workplace, the knowledge of the production instructions is checked by the maintenance personnel. If untrained or unattested workers are identified, as well as workers who do not have sufficient knowledge of production instructions, the inspector may require the administration to remove them from the work of servicing the facilities. In cases of violations of instructions and rules that may lead to an accident or accident, the operation of lifting facilities should be prohibited. At the same time, the reasons for the measures taken should be explained to workers and engineers. Persons responsible for the violations committed, as a result of which the operation of the facilities was prohibited, should be held accountable by the owner in the prescribed manner. When the work is prohibited, the lifting structure (except for elevators) is sealed, the order for the suspension of work indicates the place and time of installation of the seal, as well as the name and position of the representative of the technical administration of the enterprise responsible for the safety of the seal. Permission to resume work is issued by the inspector after checking the elimination of violations that caused the prohibition of work. If the inspector does not have the opportunity to go to the enterprise in a timely manner to check and issue permission for the resumption of work, the decision of this issue may be entrusted to the engineer and technician for supervision of the safe operation of lifting machines or the specialist of the engineering center, who should make an appropriate record in the site passport and notify the inspector about the decision.

If violations are detected, an order is drawn up. The order is given to the owner of the lifting facility or the head of the operating organization. One instance remains with the inspector for control. The order indicates the most characteristic, as well as serious violations of the rules, names and positions of persons responsible for violations, and the timing of the elimination of these violations, the timing of the development and implementation of measures to ensure the safe operation of lifting facilities, if these violations do not require a ban on the operation of the lifting facility. In case of non-compliance with the order, the inspector imposes a fine in accordance with the administrative code of the Russian Federation. If the risk of further operation is identified, the lifting structure shall be sealed before troubleshooting. Damaged removable load-gripping devices detected during inspection shall be removed from operation. Inspectors of GOSGORTEKHNADZOR for violations may be held administratively liable under articles 19.2, 19.4 part 1, 19.5 part 1, 19.6, 19.7 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

Article 19.2 "Intentionally damaging or disrupting the seal (s)": intentionally damaging or disrupting the seal (s) imposed by an official, except as provided for in article 11.5, paragraph 2, and 16.11 of the Administrative Code, entails warning or imposing an administrative fine on citizens in the amount of one to three times the minimum wage; for officials - from three to five minimum wages. (Articles 19.4, 19.5, 19.6 and 19.7 see above)

At the facilities of ZapSibInterstroy LLC, inspectors of Gosgortekhnadzor made not only instructions, but also imposed fines for violations. However, even after the introduction of the new code on administrative offenses, the average fine for 2007 amounted to a little more than 30,000 rubles. It is clear that there is simply no need to talk about increasing the responsibility of the relevant services for the technical condition of lifting mechanisms.

2.3.1.5 State fire supervision.

State Fire Supervision - supervises compliance with fire rules, norms and instructions at various stages of construction, namely: takes part in the approval of design documentation, as part of the regional non-departmental examination of design documentation (ensuring fire stability of structures, escape routes, alarm equipment, smoke removal and fire extinguishing), during the construction process - supervises the provision of fire rules (monitors the condition of temporary buildings and structures), and upon completion of construction participates in the work of the state acceptance commission. If violations are found, the inspector of this supervision shall issue an order and indicate the deadlines for the elimination of violations, and shall also have the right to apply penalties in accordance with Articles 19.22, 19.4 Part 1, 19.5 Part 1, 19.6, 19.7.

In the city of Surgut, STATE SUPERVISION is a division of the State Fire Service of the Russian Emergencies Ministry in the Tyumen Region. He supervises the facilities under construction within their competence. Direct control over the compliance of the performed works with the design and estimate documentation, fire safety status at the construction site is carried out by inspectors included in the fire departments.

In 2007, the following deficiencies were identified in the facilities of ZapSibinterstroy, LLC:

Deviation of performed works from design and estimate documentation.

Deviation of performed works from GOST requirements.

Non-compliance with fire safety at the construction site.

During the period under review, there were no reported violations during the visit period. In addition, the existing system of fines in the situation does not stimulate the fulfillment of the requirements of POZHNADZOR.

2.3.1.6 State sanitary supervision.

State sanitary supervision - through local bodies of the sanitary and epidemiological service, monitors compliance with hygiene and sanitation requirements at various stages of construction. Before the start of construction, the bodies of the sanitary and epidemiological service conclude that the design documentation complies with all sanitary standards and rules. At the stage of construction production, it monitors compliance with sanitary standards. As well as the services of this type of supervision take part in the work of the State Acceptance Commission.

In the process of acceptance of the completed construction facility, the compliance of the completed works with the project is checked, illumination is measured, bacteriological analysis of water from the drinking water supply system is carried out, and the radiological background of this area is analyzed.

During the construction process, this supervision carries out planned and unscheduled inspections of compliance with sanitary standards and regulations. Scheduled inspections are carried out every two years in accordance with the law on the protection of the rights of legal entities. Unscheduled inspections are carried out at the request of citizens. According to the Law "On Sanitary and Epidemiological Well-Being of the Population" Art. 9 p. 4: citizens, individual entrepreneurs and legal entities responsible for the design and construction of facilities, their financing and (or) lending, in case of detection of violation of sanitary rules or impossibility of their execution, are obliged to suspend or completely stop the implementation of these works and their financing and (or) lending. This supervision for non-compliance with sanitary standards has the right to impose a fine in accordance with Art. 6.3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses - "Violation of legislation in the field of ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population": Violation of legislation in the field of ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population, expressed in violation of existing sanitary rules and hygienic standards, failure to comply with sanitary and hygienic and anti-epidemic measures, entails a warning or imposition of an administrative fine on citizens in the amount of one to five minimum wages; for officials - from five to ten minimum wages; for legal entities - from one hundred to two hundred minimum wages .

In the city of Tomsk, the functions of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision over Construction are performed by the city sanitary and epidemiological station. In relation to non-compliance with sanitary standards for ZapSibInterstroy LLC, no violations were registered.

Thus, analyzing the above, we can say that of all the presented types of control, the State architectural and construction supervision is the most significant, from the point of view of quality assurance. However, in our opinion, this service does not have serious leverage on the construction organization in order to improve the quality of construction products. Other services, having the powers established by the regulation, and do not have effective leverage over the services of ZapSibInterstroy LLC, so that the latter comply with all requirements established by the norms. The amount of fines is purely symbolic.

We believe that the most appropriate is the establishment of strict responsibility of the construction organization for non-compliance with the requirements of GOST, technical specifications for the performance of work.

2.3.2 Organization of internal quality control of construction products.

One of the main elements in the quality management system of installation works is the organization of control at all stages of installation works. Quality control in the installation organization is a complex sequential process and is an interconnected set of organizational, technical, information and economic means that ensure verification of the quality of technical documentation, the construction part of buildings and structures, materials and products, labor tools, labor processes and qualifications of performers - workers and engineering-technical workers.

The task of control is not only to detect defects or defects, but also to prevent them. Since technical documentation, materials and products already pass before certain types of control at the stage of their creation are received at the construction site, the main thing is to monitor the quality of the labor means, the qualifications of the performers and the process of installation works.

Quality control of construction and installation works is a set of measures providing monitoring of the implementation of the requirements of projects, SNiP, PIC, PPM, TS with mandatory establishment when checking the compliance of work with the requirements.

Quality control of construction and installation works is divided into input, operational, acceptance and inspection (Fig. 3.2).

Incoming control is the acceptance and review of design and estimate documentation before the start of work. The responsibility for the acceptance and review of the PSD is usually assigned to the chief engineer and the production and technical department. Incoming control also includes acceptance of building materials, structures and products. Operational control is the quality control of work carried out at certain stages and operations during the construction process.

Geodetic control is the control of the accuracy of geometric parameters, the breakdown of the axes of buildings and structures, the removal of elevations, floor-by-floor verification of the installation of the floor, the placement of elevations for the installation of structures, geodetic as-built diagrams. Geodetic instruments are subject to annual inspection in Gosstandart.

Laboratory control (also input) is the quality control of used materials, structures and products during construction.

Acceptance control is control during the construction process at the completion of certain types of work: pile field, pile pile, zero cycle, etc. Acceptance is executed by drawing up the relevant document: concealed works acts, acceptance acts, test acts, drawing up diagrams, etc.