Development of the process of car washing

Contents

INTRODUCTION

I. MAJOR PART

Analysis of production activities of the enterprise

II. PROCESS PART

2.1 Features and nature of car pollution

2.2 Features and nature of pollution

2.3 Effect of detergents on contaminated surfaces

2.4 Synthetic detergents

2.5 Cooling Water Supply and Waste Water Treatment Systems

2.6 Mud Sump Cleaning Devices

2.7 Calculation of annual production program for maintenance and maintenance

2.8 Washing plant design

III. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

3.1 Development of life safety measures at

car washing and cleaning area

IV. ECONOMIC PART

4.1 Calculation of Investment Amount

4.2 Calculation of annual economic efficiency

CONCLUSION

Literature

Introduction

Car service occupies a special place in the complex sector of the economic life of society, which is motorization.

The growth of the fleet of cars poses increased requirements for the functioning and development of the car maintenance system. The complication of the design of cars, the increase in the number of people who are not always competent in the technical operation of their cars, the intensification of traffic on the roads and other factors led to the creation of a essentially new industry - car service. This direction goes to a certain extent beyond the traditional ideas about the field of consumer services due to the specific features associated with the operation and maintenance of the car.

The concept of "car service" reflects the constant needs of car owners in a variety of standardized service services and emerging interventions for ongoing repairs.

Service requirements are tightening. Now the consumer dictates the conditions of this type of activity. The consumer needs a serviceable car, and he acquires it where they offer quick and high-quality aftermarket service, and there is a guarantee of the presence of spare parts. After-sales service plays a big role in customer satisfaction, it once again demonstrates to the consumer the concern of the manufacturer for its customers.

The car service reflects the achieved and promising system for: pre-sale preparation of cars, their sale, insurance, warranty repair and maintenance, anti-corrosion processing of the body, maintenance by coupons of service books, repair itself, etc. Today, the car service performs more than 100 types of work to car owners.

Over the past decade, the market for the sale of cars and their maintenance has changed greatly. The changes are quantitative and qualitative. In addition to domestic cars, a significant number of foreign cars appeared. The requirements for the provided maintenance have changed. It is necessary not just to repair the car at any cost, but to do it quickly, qualitatively, cheaply and at a high technical level of service. Previously, the automobile market was focused more on a car than on a person with a car, in connection with which its structure, organization, production processes were significantly deformed in relation to demand. The conditions of the market economy changed the relationship between the seller and the buyer. The transition to the market has become the beginning of a new stage of its development for road transport: new types of activities and forms of transport services are being introduced. The entire system of selling and maintaining cars in working condition (maintenance, repair, logistics, etc.) required significant changes.

Foreign cars and domestic cars sooner or later face the need for repairs. Car service, especially foreign cars, is considered a profitable business. Today, it is engaged both in branded service centers of official dealers certified by the automaker, and maintenance stations (STO) specializing in the repair of one or more brands of foreign cars or even in the maintenance of individual units (automatic checkpoints, engine control systems, etc.) or performing one type of work, for example: body repair, body painting, engine overhaul, etc. At the same time, repair work is carried out by numerous private mechanics who work in workshops of two to five people at garage cooperatives (often in a regular garage box). Progressive forms and services such as self-service posts, technical assistance on the road, etc. are being introduced.

However, the increase in the number of car service workers, as shown by the practice of recent years, worsened its quality side. People without special education - self-taught - got into the sphere of car service. Parts of dubious origin that do not have a manufacturer's certificate appear on the market.

Main part

Analysis of production activities of the enterprise

K/X "Mashtak" - ensuring the stable and safe functioning of the gas distribution system of the West Kazakhstan region, Zelenovsky district, Bolshoi Chagan.

The main activity of K/X Mashtak is engaged in the design, construction and repair of gas distribution systems, protection of underground communications from electrochemistry, maintenance of gas pipelines and gas equipment, commissioning of gas supply systems, and provides production services.

A complete set of design and construction and installation works on gasification is carried out from the development and issuance of technical conditions to the commissioning of gas pipelines. In accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, work is underway to conclude agreements with the owners of housing for the maintenance of gas pipelines.

To connect newly built gas pipelines, devices for tapping under gas pressure are widely used without disconnecting consumers from the gas supply.

Metal plastic pipes were used in the construction of internal gas pipelines.

K/X "Mashtak" implements projects on charitable gasification. In the field of view of home ownership of WWII veterans and home front workers. Design, installation and commissioning works shall be performed by employees of K/X "Mashtak."

In order to prevent explosions of domestic gas and other emergency situations and incidents, active work is being carried out with the population to promote gas safety.

Process Part

2.2 Features and nature of pollution

Cars have to work in various road conditions both in the city and outside it, on paved and unpaved roads, under various weather conditions - in dry and raw weather, in summer and winter. Especially cars from below, even in the dry weather of a detail, knots, units and their joints turned to the surface of the road become soiled, become covered by a layer of dust and dirt.

In wet weather, as a result of wetting the car with water that covers the roads, contaminants containing less sand and more organic clay and other impurities that strengthen the forces of adhesion of contaminants to the outer surfaces of the chassis parts remain on the lower surfaces of the car.

A feature of car pollution is that pollution resulting from operation under various conditions is added to pollution arising from refueling and maintenance of the car. Particles of dirt and dust, as it were, are glued to each other with the help of oily substances, which come also from numerous joints, assemblies and assemblies of the car, and at the points of joints the oil layer, mixing with dust, forms a mass capable of forming a film when dried.

This nature of the contaminants is a serious impediment to flushing them off the surface of the vehicle.

Cold water flushing of contaminants from the polished surfaces of cars, the use of a jet even under high pressure does not sufficiently occur. Fine (up to 30 μm) dust particles remain, which are retained in the thin water film and, when dried, leave a matte precipitate in the form of stains on the surface of the body. Such a water film can only be destroyed by mechanical action (brush, sponge, suede) during washing.

This phenomenon is explained by the fact that at the point of impact of a stream of water against the surface of the body between the flow of radically moving water particles and the surface of the body, a thin (several tens of micrometers) boundary layer of water is formed; the speed of water in such a layer is so low that the water has no detergent effect. At the same time, this boundary layer (dead zone) prevents the flow of water at high speed from contacting the washed surface, and therefore removes existing contaminants.

The rolling stock of road transport - cars, road trains, buses have to work in various road conditions both in the city limits and on country routes, on paved and unpaved roads, under various weather conditions - in dry and raw weather, in summer and winter. The degree of pollution of cars depends on the above conditions. Especially cars from below, even in the dry weather of a detail, knots, units and their joints turned to the surface of the road become soiled, become covered by a layer of dust and dirt.

In wet weather, as a result of wetting the car with water that covers the roads, contaminants containing less sand and more organic, clay and other impurities that strengthen the forces of adhesion of contaminants to the outer surfaces of the chassis parts remain on the lower surfaces of the car.

Pollution of trucks also depends on the kind of cargo carried, for example, when transporting soil, coal, ore in open pits, or such building materials as cement, mortar, concrete and other goods. All surfaces of the car are covered with the smallest particles of materials mixed with road dust, forming a firmly bonded film with large adhesion forces.

A feature of car pollution is that pollution resulting from operation under various conditions is added to pollution arising from refueling and maintenance of the car. Particles of dirt and dust are, as it were, glued to each other with the help of oily substances, which also come from numerous joints of parts, assemblies and assemblies of the car, and at the points of joints an oil layer, mixing with dust, forms a mass that can create a film when dried.

This nature of the contaminants is a serious obstacle to flushing them off the surface of the vehicle.

Cold water flushing of contaminants from polished surfaces of cars, buses, vans and others when using a jet even under high pressure does not occur sufficiently. Fine (up to 30 μm) dust particles remain, which are retained in the thin water film and, when dried, leave a matte precipitate in the form of stains on the surface of the body. Such a water film can only be destroyed by mechanical action (brush, sponge, suede) during washing.

This phenomenon is explained by the fact that at the point of impact of a stream of water against the surface of the body between the flow of radially moving water particles and the surface of the body, a thin (several tens of micrometers) boundary layer of water is formed; the speed of water in such a layer is so low that the water has no detergent effect. At the same time, this boundary layer (dead zone) prevents the high-speed water flow from coming into contact with the surface to be washed, and therefore the existing contaminants are removed.

To achieve a satisfactory quality of car washing, a large amount of water is consumed by a water jet. So, on average, at a water pressure of 15 kg/cm2, the flow rate per car or truck is from 200 to 250 liters, and per bus - 300-400 liters.

At low pressure, the water flow rate may increase by 200300%.

The search for effective means to reduce water consumption and improve the quality of car washing has led to the use of various detergents, mainly synthetic surfactants.

The use of detergents allows you to reduce water consumption by 2-3 times and significantly improve the quality of car washing.

2.3 Effect of detergents on contaminated surfaces

One of the main requirements for detergents is, first of all, the ability to degrease washed surfaces. In addition, the detergent should have the ability to dissolve organic substances that contaminate the surfaces of the vehicle, especially from below; this is important because organic matter is insoluble in water.

Aqueous solutions of synthetic surfactants (CPLP) meet these requirements.

The detergent effect of the APLP solution is based on surface phenomena. When mud is removed from the washed surfaces, the washing liquid - the aqueous solution of the APLP spreads along it, wetting it and penetrating into the pores of contaminant particles, contributing to disruption of the connection between them. The lower the surface tension of the detergent solution, the greater the ability to wet the contaminated surface and the more effective the detergent solution is to contaminate the detergent solution. Therefore, one important characteristic of the quality of various detergents is their surface tension.

The mechanism of action of the SAS solution consists in chemical effect on the contamination of the car. The ALLOY molecules have a hydrophobic hydrophilic structure in which one end of the molecule is well wetted with water and the other with oil. Falling on a contaminated (oiled surface), the ALLOY molecules are located on the oil-water interface, oriented by hydrophilic (wetted with water) ends towards the water, and hydrophobic (not wetted with water) - towards the oil. As a result, the oiled surface is coated with a film of molecules of synthetic surfactant, which contributes to the separation of oil and the solubility of organic substances.

Thus, the APLP has the ability to adsorb at the interface of the surface to be cleaned - detergent solution (contamination - detergent solution), form monomolecular layers at this interface, penetrate pores and gaps, create proppant pressures and separate contaminants from the surface to be cleaned. This is also facilitated by the fact that hydrophilic ions are simultaneously carriers of an electric charge, in connection with which in the lower part of the oil droplet of contaminants there are similarly charged repellent particles. The mechanical action of the washing solution jets accelerates this process, providing high washing quality, with a minimum water consumption. It is also important that the time required for washing is reduced.

The most efficient cleaning of contaminated surfaces will occur if the detergent liquid is heated to 45 C. Thermal energy accelerates the chemical process, a strong oil film becomes fluid, thereby creating conditions for a more active preparation of the detergent emulsion. The use of a heated detergent liquid facilitates faster drying of the cleaned surface.

2.5 Cooling Water Supply and Waste Water Treatment Systems

The increasing demand of industrial enterprises for water for technical needs, including a workshop for car washing, creates the prerequisites for the need for repeated and recycled water supply,

The recirculated water supply system typically includes a waste water reservoir from where it is pumped to particulate and petroleum filters. After filtration, purified water enters the clean water reservoir, from which it is taken by pumps for consumption for industrial purposes and for car washing. In this circulating water supply scheme, reuse of washing water can be carried out bypassing the collection tank of clean water and directly supplied by the pump to the washing machine.

The main pollutants of industrial wastewater:, motor enterprises are oil products to suspended particles; they contain a negligible amount of other chemicals, thus simplifying the purification process. Existing treatment facilities for collecting suspended particles and residues of oil products, mainly acting according to the flotation treatment method (based on the adhesion of oil particles or other contaminants to air bubbles that artificially saturate waste water, "and the surfacing of the resulting complex), are complex, require reagent treatment of water using coagulants (aluminum sulphate or iron sulphate, etc.), do not provide reliable quality treatment, water.

To accommodate such treatment facilities, significant areas are required, which are not always possible to allocate under the conditions of the existing workshop.

Due to these shortcomings of such treatment facilities, it is not advisable to establish a recirculated water supply system on their basis. The organization of the recycled water supply is based on the following basic requirements:

A sufficiently high and reliable quality of wastewater treatment without routine laboratory monitoring;

compact treatment facilities - the possibility of their placement on a relatively small area;

possibility of serial factory production of all units of treatment facilities and ease of operation;

a wide range of plant productivity (by assembling them from unified units) to different production capacity of the STR.

As a result of purification, water can be reused for washing cars and other technical purposes in the return water supply, dumped into storm sewers or open reservoirs without disturbing the normal state of the biological environment.

Conclusion

The automotive industry carries out great work to improve the design of manufactured cars, improve the technology for the production of car assemblies and parts, due to which the reliability and durability of cars during their operation increases. However, during operation under the influence of loads, interaction with the environment, the technical condition of the car changes.

In the maintenance of cars, diagnostic methods are increasingly being introduced with the wide use of electronic tools both external stands in relation to the car and electronic tools built into the design of the car for continuous monitoring of individual units and systems of the car, as well as choosing the most economical and safe modes of operation of the car.

Timely and high-quality car maintenance allows you to reduce the consumption of operational materials, maintenance and repair costs, reduce their labor consumption, and increase the service life of cars.