Design of the section for diagnostics and repair of the starting system on the car LADA Granta

Contents

Introduction

In recent years, the fleet of cars in service has changed and expanded greatly in Russia. A large number of new and used cars of the domestic brand appeared, most of them used, having a certain specificity of the electrical equipment system, differing in the device, principle of action and features of servicing elements. Domestic manufacturers in the struggle for the competitiveness of their products have significantly modernized and expanded the composition of electrical equipment.

The increase in the number of consumers required an increase in the power of starters without a significant increase in their weight and dimensions.

Car electrical equipment is a complex set of interconnected electrical and electronic systems, transmission and undercarriage, traffic safety, automation of car workflows, and normal conditions for drivers and passengers. Automotive electrical equipment includes the following systems and devices:

- power supply;

- electric starter starting of internal combustion engine;

- lighting, light and sound signalling;

- electronic control systems of car and tractor units;

- information and monitoring of technical condition of the vehicle and its units;

- electric drive;

- suppression of radio interference;

- switching, protective devices and wiring.

Starter is the main unit of the automotive engine starting system, which spins its crankshaft during start-up. Despite the fact that in comparison with other engine units and modules, the technological use of the starter is short-term, it can be confidently stated that this unit is one of the most important units in the car engine.

As in any other engine systems and assemblies, natural wear also occurs in the engine starting system over time, which logically leads to its incorrect operation. The starter is her most important knot. Therefore, in order to avoid its failure, in case of the slightest failure in the operation of at least one of its components, it is necessary to urgently determine the failures of the starter by diagnosing it.

. The electric starter starting system includes a battery, an electric starter, a control relay and electrical devices to facilitate starting the engine. The reliability of electrical equipment depends on the efficiency of the car. The development of electrical equipment of a modern car is closely connected with the development of general electrical engineering, electronics and the car. Electric starter starting systems are used to start automotive engines. They are reliable in operation, provide remote control and the ability to automate the process of starting engines using electrical devices. The development of car electrical equipment is closely related to the widespread use of electronics and microprocessors, which provide automation and optimization of work processes, greater traffic safety, reduced toxicity of exhaust gases and improved working conditions "of drivers. The number and capacity of electric consumers on cars is constantly increasing. Accordingly, the power of the electric power sources increases. The former electrical equipment is replaced by new, more complex in design and circuit solutions electrical and electronic products and systems. The operational reliability and performance of the car largely depends on the technical condition of the electrical equipment. The electrical equipment of cars and tractors of the near future seems to be a system capable of automotive adaptation with respect to the environment and operating conditions.

Exactly a century ago, an important event happened for all motorists - a starter generator was invented.

The car starter is an electric motor. It converts electrical energy from the battery into mechanical work, which drives the flywheel and crankshaft, to begin the process of moving the pistons. All engines are equipped with a starter.

The principle of the device is based on the laws of physics, which are known from the school bench. If you place a wire frame with two ends between the two poles of the magnet, and then put current through it, then it will begin to rotate. This is the simplest electric motor.

A simple car starter is a metal body in which there are four magnetic cores (shoes). These magnets are in the housing and represent the stator of the electric motor. Previously, an excitation winding was wound on the shoes, to which electric current was supplied from the battery. That is, it was a classic electromagnet. Conventional magnets are used on modern devices.

Another important part of the device is the armature. It is a shaft with a pressed core made of electrical steel. In the core slots are the very frames that will rotate around the magnet poles. The ends of the frames are connected to a collector, to which four brushes approach - two positive from the battery and two negative ones that will go to the mass.

In the closing rear cover there are brush holders with springs, which constantly push the brushes to the collector to provide contact. Support bushing of armature or bearing is also installed in rear cover.

Current from the battery to the starter cannot be supplied constantly. It is needed only at the time of starting the engine. Therefore, there is a so-called copper heel between the plus wire of the battery and the contact of the starter, which closes the contacts.

But the bendix does not move along the shaft on its own. This is done by another smaller electromagnet - a retracting relay. A fork comes from the relay to the gear, which pushes the bendix. Control current from accumulator is supplied to retractor coil through ignition lock. When ignition is activated, the coil magnetizes and retracts the core. This core, on the one hand, is connected to the fork of the bendix, on the other - to the heels closing the contacts of the electric motor. When the voltage from the pull-in relay coil is removed, the plug is retracted back into place and the motor stops operating.

Relevance of the topic: due to the fact that the launch system is an integral part of any car. Its serviceability and failure-free life are extremely important, since it directly depends on whether you can use the car or not. Accordingly, this process affects the efficiency of any enterprise. And when passing inspection and periodic inspection. maintenance, the vehicle start-up check procedure is an integral part of the tests.

The main task should be highlighted: to improve the quality of work during diagnosis and repair at the maintenance site of the launch system of LADA cars.

The purpose of the diploma project is: Design of the site for diagnostics and repair of the launch system on the LADA Granta car.

Main part

Design of the site for diagnostics and repair of the launch system on the LADA Granta car

Conclusion

In the final qualification work on the topic: "Design of the site for the diagnosis and repair of the launch system on the LADA Granta car," the main concepts about the methods of troubleshooting and diagnostics of the starter are considered.

During the project implementation, the objectives and objectives of the project were considered:

The main task of the project was to improve the quality of work at the repair site of the launch system of LADA cars.

The purpose of the diploma project is to design a site for the diagnosis and repair of the launch system on the LADA Granta car.

Use of the necessary equipment, such as a test bench, a set of diagnostic equipment. Significantly improves the level of diagnostics and the quality of work performed. With the help of competent selection of tools, productivity increases.

Well-organized maintenance, timely elimination of malfunctions in units and systems of the car, with highly qualified performance of work, allow to increase the durability of cars, reduce their downtime, increase the duration of inter-repair runs, which ultimately significantly reduces unproductive costs and increases the profitability of motor vehicles.

In the process of maintenance and repair of cars, one of the main production divisions that affect the technical readiness, reliability and efficiency of the rolling stock is the electrodiagnostics section.

In this diploma project, in the first section the technical justification of the project is given: the mileage standards for maintenance are calculated, TO-1 amounted to 15000 km TO-2 amounted to 30000 km. The annual mileage of all cars for the year amounted to 4149030 thousand km. The annual mileage of one car was 27660.2 tons. The second section defines the minimum number of workers in the department. The area of ​ ​ the department is 90.25m2. The labor intensity of work at the post was at TO1 = 2.2 person/h, TO2 = 8.3, TP = 2.8 person/h. One autoelectrician is required to complete this scope. Equipment for the site was selected and detailed description was given. Measures on health, safety and fire safety during electrical work are also considered .

In the economic part of the diploma project, the costs of materials and components, salary costs, expenses and the cost of repair work were calculated. The cost of repair work for 1000 km of mileage is 1328 rubles. The average monthly salary is 88350 thousand rubles per month.

Thus, I consider the goals and objectives of the diploma project fulfilled.